So chuyen e (01)/2012

Hoa hoc & ng dung

9
Trunq nqhien cuu nay chunq tui thuc hien vJi dien
a trunq ham vi tu 18Ov 88Ov, bJi vi qua trinh uxi
hua sinh ra mut luJnq lJn tia lua J anut (anudic sark
deusitiun) |5j. 0ua trinh uxi hua anut hJ kim nhum
|G,7j thuJnq duJc thuc hien tuJnq dui nqhiem nqat
nhu: thJ i qian thu c hie n tu 8O GO hu t, nhie t du
tuJnq dui cau, sau khi ket thuc qua trinh uxi hua hai
tien hanh bit kin cac lu nhu tren lJ hu. Su lua chun
uxi hua anut hJ kim nhum J dien a cau la du qua
trinh tien hanh khunq qay u nhiem mui truJnq, thuc
hien qua trinh uxi hua hJ kim nhum vJi mat du dunq
tha (8Adm
2
)nham tiet kiem nanq luJnq. heu qua
trinh uxi hua thuc hien trunq thJi qian qua nqan thi
lJ manq uxi hua tau ra rat munq, du day chi tu vai
m |Oj. vi vay de nanq cau duJc cac yeu cau: du day,
kha na nq chu nq a n mu n cu a lJ hu cu nq nhu be
mat lJ hu hai bunq, sanq va khunq cu khe hJ thi
qua trinh hui che dunq dich hai J du chinh xac va
hJ li cau. Trunq nqhien cuu nay chunq tui tien hanh
uxi hua anut hJ kim nhum vJi dien a cau trunq ba
he dunq dich die n ha n kha c nhau la : ha
2
Si0
8
,
ha
2
hF0
4
va haAl0
2
, nham muc dich nqhien cuu va su
sanh su anh huJnq cua mui he muui tJi: thJi qian uxi
hua, du day cua lJ hu, hinh danq be mat va kha
nanq chunq an mun cua lJ hu (lJ manq uxi hua).
SUMMARY
In order to compare the effects of oxygen acid salt in electrolytes on the film thickness and the oxi-
dation time in the process of high voltage anodic oxidation of aluminum alloy 6063, the oxidation films were
prepared by anodic oxidation of the aluminum alloy in the three electrolyte systems of Na
2
SiO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
,
NaAlO
2
. The film thickness was determined by TT230 eddy current thickness gauge. The corrosion resist-
ance of Na
2
SiO
3
system was evaluated through dropping corrosion testing. The surface morphology of ox-
idation film was observed by the scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results show that the thickness
and corrosion resistance of the film can be significantly increased after tungstate was added in the three
electrolytes. Oxidation time was extended and the hardness of the film was increased after adding sodium
exametaphosphate in the three electrolytes. When two additives of tungstate and sodium hexametaphosphate
was simultaneously added in silicate nm electrolyte according to the proportion of 1:1, compact film with
high corrosion resistance was formed.
Keyword: High-voltage, Alkaline salt, anodic oxidation, electrolytes, corrosion resistance.
0II h0k k00 h0P kIN 0h0N 0 0IE0 kP 0k0
000 0000 0|0h N00I kIEN
T8 h0YEh X0kh h0kh
Trucr Lai |cc 0cr r|icp TF |c 0| Mir|
I. AT VAN E
II. VAT LIEU VA THC NGHIEM
1. VaI IIau va IhIaI b} Ihur nghIam
Thuc nqhiem su dunq ban hJ kim nhum vJi quy
cach 8O 4O 2.Omm, thanh han chu yeu (% khui
luJnq) cua cac nquyen tu la: O.2-O.G Si, O.85 Fe, O.1O
Cu, O.1O Mn, O.45-O.O Mq, O.1O Zn, cun lai la Al. hua
chat tinh khiet: K0h, ha
2
Si0
8
, (haF0
8
)
G
, ha0h,
ha
2
hF0
4
, haAl0
2
, ha
2
B
4
0
7
.
Thiet bi thuc nqhiem: nquun dien mut chieu cu the
dieu chinh tu O-88O v; may hien vi dien tu quet SEM
(JSM2G8GO, hhat Ban); may thuc nqhiem ma sat vi
mu (uMT, Trunq 0uuc); may dunq xuay ki thuat su
du du day (TT28O, Trunq 0uuc).
Z. Thur nghIam
0uy trinh cunq nqhe cua qua trinh uxi hua anut dien
a cau: danh bunq hua huc dunq nuJc tay sach cac
iun uxi hua anut dien a cau tay sach cac iun
hunq khu tien hanh du luJnq cac chi tieu cua manq
uxi hua.
0ua trinh uxi hu a ba t da u J ma t du du nq la O
A.dm
2
, trunq 1O qia y da u ma t du du nq ta nq le n
8A.dm
2
; trunq qua trinh uxi hua dien a lien tuc tanq
cau, mat du dunq cu dinh la 8A.dm
2
. Khi dien a dat
tJ i 872 v thi khu nq ta nq nu a, lu c na y ma t du du nq
ba t da u qia m va khi qia m tJ i 1,G A.dm
2
thi qua trinh
uxi hu a ke t thu c. Trunq qua trinh uxi hu a cu su du nq
duJ nq u nq la m la nh va ma y khua y de khu nq che
nhie t du luu n J duJ i 4O. Sau khi ke t thu c qua trinh
thu c nqhie m, qhi la i thJ i qian va tie n ha nh kie m tra
du luJ nq ca c chi tie u, tinh na nq cu a ma nq uxi hu a.
a. F|a c|c cac |c Jur Jic| Jicr p|ar
Lua chun ha che ba he dunq dich dien han cJ
ban, sau du them vau mui he tren muui va chat hu
qia. Cac he dunq dich dien han duJc ha che nhu
banq 1, trunq du C
4
h
4
0
G
ha
2
la chat hunq chunq su
hat hua va h
8
B0
8
la chat dunq de dieu chinh h.
10
So chuye n e (01)/2012
Hoa hoc & ng dung
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
|. F|ucr p|a p t|u c r|ic m vc Jc c|c r a r
mc r cu a ma r cxi |c a
Tha nh ha n cu a cha t a n mu n: K
2
Cr0
7
8 qam, hCl
25cm
8
(d =1.1O), nuJ c ca t 75cm
8
. Chu 1 qiu t dunq
dich cha t a n mu n le n be ma t cu a lJ ma nq uxi hu a
da duJ c la m sa ch va du nq thJ i qhi thJ i qian, khi qiu t
dunq dich vua chuyen thanh mau xanh thi thi nqhiem
ke t thu c. La m la i thi nqhie m 8 la n, la y qia tri trunq
binh, dua tren ket qua du se danh qia duJc kha nanq
chu nq a n mu n cu a lJ ma nq uxi hu a.
1. hIan Iuong Ih nghIam
Tien hanh uxi hua anut hJ kim nhum dien a cau
vJi ba he dunq dich dien han tren. Khi thi nqhiem
bat dau, du cu su tac dunq cua dunq dien 1 chieu vau
dunq dich dien han lam chu tren be mat cua anut hJ
kim nhum xay ra qua trinh uxi hua dien hua, tau nen
lJ manq uxi hua munq, sau du lJ manq uxi hua day
dan len, de mat du dunq un dinh thi dien a cua dunq
dien 1 chieu hai lien tuc tanq. Khi dien a vuJt qua
qiJi han 22Ov, tren be mat lJ manq uxi hua cu hien
tuJnq hunq dien va kem theu hien tuJnq chay sanq
cun qui la hu quanq dien |1j. Bui vJi 8 he dien han
tren thi thJi qian hu quanq dai nqan khac nhau. he
ha
2
Si0
8
va haAl0
2
, du manq uxi hua hinh thanh va hat
trien rat nhanh nen thJi qian hu quanq chi khuanq 2O
qiay. Bui vJi he ha
2
hF0
4
trunq thanh han dunq dich
cu muui ha
2
B
4
0
7
nen qua trinh lanq dunq cham hJn su
vJi hai he kia. vi vay manq uxi hua hat trien cham,
thJi qian hu quanq la 52 qiay.
Z. 8u anh huong rua muoI dan IhoI gIan oxI hoa
va do day rua Iop mang oxI hoa
a. 8u ar| |ucr cua muci ratri|cxamctap|ctp|at
- (|aFU
3
)
6
Jcr t|ci iar cxi |ca
Ba he dunq dich dien han duJc ha che nhu J banq
1, sau du them vau ba he tren muui (haF0
8
)
G
vJi cac
nunq du khac nhau. Ket qua thuc nqhiem duJc bieu thi
J hinh 1.
Muui natrihexametahuthat la luai chat han tan
vu cJ thuJnq dunq |2,8j, nu cu kha nanq lam han tan
cac chat vu cJ khu hua tan trunq nuJc, can trJ hay can
thie tJi luJnq ket tinh cua muui vu cJ khu tan tren be
mat kim luai.
hnh 1. MoI quan ha gIua nong do (haF0
B
)
6
Irong
rar ha dIan phan kha r nhau va Iho I gIan oxI ho a
Su cu mat cua (haF0
8
)
G
trunq he ha
2
Si0
8
lam qiam
ru ret luJnq Al(0h)
8
va Si0
2
ket tua tren be mat kim
luai, vi vay trunq ham vi nunq du nhat dinh cu the
keu dai thJi qian uxi hua; khi nunq du cua (haF0
8
)
G
dat tJi 1 trJ len thi thJi qian uxi hua cua he ha
2
Si0
8
khunq thay dui. Bui vJi he ha
2
hF0
4
, them (haF0
8
)
G
vJi mut luJnq nhat dinh se lam tanq nunq du cua quc
trunq dunq dich, cu lJi chu viec tau manq, tuc du tau
manq tanq thi thJi qian uxi hua canq nqan; khi nunq
du cua (haF0
8
)
G
vuJt qua 1, tac dunq han tan va tuc
du tau manq qiam lam chu thJi qian uxi hua tanq len
|8j. Trunq he haAl0
2
, nunq du cua iun rat cau nen
tuc du tau thanh Al(0h)
8
lJn, tac dunq han tan cua
(haF0
8
)
G
khu nq ru ra nq, thJ i qian uxi hu a thay du i
khunq lJn. Tum lai, nunq du cua (haF0
8
)
G
J muc hJ
li la tu 2q.L
1
5q.L
1
.
|. Ar| |ucr cua rcr Jc muci ratrivcrframat -
|a
?
WU
4
tci Jc Jay cua mar
Chat hu qia ha
2
w0
4
cu tac dunq lam tanq hieu
sua t ta u ma nq, li du la khi nu nq du cha t hu qia
ha
2
w0
4
ta nq le n, la m ta nq danq ke su hinh tha nh
ca c trunq ta m ta cha t |1Oj tre n be ma t hJ kim
nhum, lam chu dien tich khu vuc hu quanq tanq len
ru re t, du du du da y cu a ma nq khu nq nqu nq ta nq
len. Khi ha che, mui he dunq dich dien han deu
them vau 2 qam.L
1
(haF0
8
)
G
(hunq nqua kha nanq
dunq dich dien han bi duc khi bi uxi hua), cuui cunq
them vau muui ha
2
w0
4
. Su anh huJnq cua nunq du
muui ha
2
w0
4
tJi du day cua manq uxi hua duJc trinh
bay J hinh 2.
hnh Z. MoI quan ha gIua nong do ha
Z
W0
4
Irong rar
ha dIan phan khar nhau va do day rua mang oxI hoa
Bui vJi he ha
2
Si0
8
va he ha
2
hF0
4
khi them mut
luJ nq nha t dinh muu i ha
2
w0
4
la m chu du da y cu a
manq uxi hua tanq len ru ret. Khi nunq du cua muui
ha
2
w0
4
tanq len hJn 5 q.L
1
, du day manq uxi hua
cua he ha
2
Si0
8
tie tuc tanq len, trunq khi du J he
ha
2
hF0
4
du da y ma nq uxi hu a la i khu nq ta nq, ma
cu n qia m xuu nq; nu nq du cu a ha
2
w0
4
vuJ t qua 1O
q.L
1
, dunq dich cua he dien han uxi hua ha
2
Si0
8
trJ
nen duc, anut hJ kim nhum bi dut chay. 0uan sat thi
nqhiem nhan thay ranq, khi uxi hua dunq dich dien
han san sinh ra rat nhieu hat vat chat nhu lam chu
dunq dich trJ nen duc. Trunq he haAl0
2
, muui ha
2
w0
4
cu nq cu ta c du nq nhu tre n, tuy nhie n hie n tuJ nq
khunq ru ranq, khi nunq du ha
2
w0
4
vuJt qua G q.L
1
thi dunq dich dien han cunq trJ nen duc.
hhu nq ke t qua tre n chu tha y: muu i ha
2
w0
4
vJ i
nunq du tha cu lJi chu qua trinh uxi hua anut hJ
kim nhum, nu cu the lam tanq du day manq uxi hua,
cai tien chat luJnq va lam chu manq uxi hua bunq
sanq hJn; khi nunq du cua muui ha
2
w0
4
cau lam chu
dunq dich duc, vat lieu bi dut chay. hunq du hJ li
cua muui ha
2
w0
4
dui vJi mui he dien han la khac
nhau. Bui vJi he ha
2
Si0
8
, dunq dich dien han rat un
dinh, du day manq dat duJc tut nhat.
c. Ar| |ucr cua |am |ucr muci (|aFU
3
)
6
tci Jc
Jay mar cxi |ca
Chu muui (haF0
8
)
G
vJi cac nunq du khac nhau vau
mui he dien han tren. Ket qua thi nqhiem duJc the
hien J hinh 8.
hnh B. MoI quan ha gIua nong do (haF0
B
)
6
Irong
rar ha dIan phan va do day mang oxI hoa
Tu hinh 8 nha n tha y ra nq, ne u the m mu t luJ nq
thich hJ muui (haF0
8
)
G
thi du day manq uxi hua se
tanq len, dieu nay duJc li qiai bJi muui (haF0
8
)
G
cu
kha nanq keu dai thJi qian lanq dunq de tau manq.
Bu i vJ i 2 he ha
2
Si0
8
va haAl0
2
, khi nu nq du cu a
(haF0
8
)
G
da t tJ i 1O q.L
1
thi du da y ma nq uxi hu a
khunq thay dui.
0 he ha
2
hF0
4
, nu nq du cu a iun 0h tuJnq u nq
tha, trunq qua trinh uxi hua ti le hua tan cua manq
nhu, han unq han tach uxi yeu, du du ma nq uxi
hua tau ra bunq sanq va min; quan sat be mat cua
manq banq kinh hien vi dien tu nhan thay: du xu cua
So chuyen e (01)/2012
Hoa hoc & ng dung
11
manq tu t hJn 2 he kia. Khi che du dunq truc tie,
dien a danh thunq (breakduwn vultaqe) cua manq
uxi hua va dien trJ |4j cua manq uxi hua trunq dunq
dich dien han cu quan he truc tie vJi nhau, vi vay
ma J he ha
2
hF0
4
cunq J dieu kien dien a nhu nhau
nhunq du day manq uxi hua dat duJc rat munq. Su
vJi hai he cun lai, khi uxi hua anut dien a cau vJi he
ha
2
Si0
8
, du day manq uxi hua dat duJc rat cau khi
nunq du cua (haF0
8
)
G
canq nhu.
B. 8u anh huong rua muoI kIam IoI kha nang
rho ng a n mo n va hnh da ng hnh Iha I ho r ru a
mang oxI hoa
a. Ar| |ucr cua muci |a
?
WU
4
, (|aFU
3
)
6
tci k|a
rar c|cr ar mcr cua mar cxi |ca
Chun he tuJnq dui un dinh ha
2
Si0
8
de nqhien cuu,
he ha
2
Si0
8
cu thanh han nhu J banq 1. Chu lan luJt
2q.L
1
5q.L
1
1Oq.L
1
muui ha
2
w0
4
va (haF0
8
)
G
vau he
nqhie n cu u. 0u nq thi nqhie m qiu t nhu de kie m tra
kha na nq chu nq a n mu n cu a ma nq. Ke t qua duJ c
trinh bay J banq 2.
12
So chuye n e (01)/2012
Hoa hoc & ng dung
Tu ket qua J banq 2 nhan thay ranq: khi them muui
ha
2
w0
4
du day manq va kha nanq chunq an mun tanq
cau; cun khi them muui (haF0
8
)
G
thi su anh huJnq la
khunq lJn, bJi vi thJi qian uxi hua qua dai, du runq
cua lJ hu tuJnq dui lJn (cac lu nhu li ti tren be mat
manq uxi hua du su thuat khi tau ra), du vay ma kha
nanq chunq an mun cua manq uxi hua tha.
|. Ar| |ucr cua muci |a
?
WU
4
va (|aFU
3
)
6
tci
|r| Jar |c mat cua mar
Kha nanq chunq an mun la chi tieu khau sat chu
yeu, thunq qua huJnq ha thuc nqhiem truc qiau,
chu vau he ha
2
Si0
8
cac muui ha
2
w0
4
va (haF0
8
)
G
vJi
nunq du hJ li nhat la 5q.L
1
. hinh danq be mat cua
manq uxi hua hJ kim nhum trunq he dien han
ha
2
Si0
8
trinh bay J hinh 4.
Tu hinh 4 nha n tha y ra nq, ne u khu nq chu the m
chat hu qia be mat manq uxi hua rat thu (san sui).
Sau khi them ha
2
w0
4
, cac lu (du su thuat khi qay ra)
tren be mat manq rat it, hinh danq be mat cua manq
dat tieu chuan ve hinh danq va cau tau, kiem tra cac
tieu chuan cua manq: du day, du cunq, kha nanq chiu
duJc su ma sat, kha nanq chunq an mun tanq len rat
cau. Khi them (haF0
8
)
G
, be mat cua manq trJ nen qu
qhe , xua t hie n nhie u lu nhu , ke t qua kie m tra chu
thay: du day manq khunq thay dui, du cunq tanq, kha
nanq chunq chiu su ma sat cunq nhu an mun tha.
Tien hanh cac thi nqhiem khi them dunq thJi hai chat
hu qia vJi ti le khac nhau ta thay vJi ty le 1:1 la tut
nhat, J hinh d chunq ta cu the nhan thay khi su sanh
vJ i hinh b va c: be ma t ma nq ra t de u da n, bu nq
sanq, rat it lu nhu. Kiem tra cac chi tieu cua manq J
vat lieu d, thay ranq be mat manq rat hanq, deu,
bunq sanq, du day G,8 m, du cunq 85O hv, thJi qian
thi nqhiem an mun qiut nhu 25 hut. Ket qua thuc
nqhiem chu thay, su hui che hua chat J mau d thu
duJc ket qua tut hJn su vJi ba mau cun lai.
So chuyen e (01)/2012
Hoa hoc & ng dung
13
IV. KET LUAN
1. Muui (haF0
8
)
G
cu kha nanq keu dai thJi qian uxi
hua cua qua trinh uxi hua anut hJ kim nhum dien a
cau, nanq cau du cunq cua manq uxi hua, tuy nhien
nu lai lam chu be mat cua manq san sui, nhieu lu
nhu, kha nanq chunq an mun tha; them ha
2
w0
4
vJi
nunq du thich hJ se nanq cau duJc du day, du cunq
cunq nhu kha nanq chunq chiu duJc su ma sat va an
mun, nunq du cua ha
2
w0
4
qua cau se lam dunq dich
dien han trJ nen duc, anh huJnq tJi du un dinh cua
he; khi them dunq thJi ca hai chat hu qia vJi luJnq
thich hJ manq uxi hua dat duJc nhunq tinh nanq tut
hJn rat nhieu.
2. 0 mat du dunq 8AL
2
, he dien han hu hJ nhat
chu qua trinh uxi hua anut dien a cau hJ kim nhum
la he ha
2
Si0
8
, su hui che cu the: K0h 2 q.L
1
, ha
2
Si0
8
15 q.L
1
, C
4
h
4
0
G
ha
2
vJi luJnq thich hJ, chat hu qia
ha
2
w0
4
va (haF0
8
)
G
nunq du thich hJ la 5 q.L
1
, khi
them vJi ti le 1:1 manq uxi hua thu duJc cu cau truc
chat che, kha nanq chunq an mun cau.
8. ThJi qian uxi hua duJc keu dai va du cunq cua
lJ manq uxi hua tanq len sau khi them natrihexam
etahushat vau ba he dien han nui tren. Khi them
dunq thJi natrivulramat va natrihexametahuthat vau
he dien han natrisilicat vJi ti le 1:1 thi ket cau lJ
manq uxi hua rat vunq chac va kha nanq chunq an
mun rat cau. Ket qua nqhien cuu nay cu the unq dunq
runq rai trunq dJi sunq, nunq nqhie, cunq nqhie
xay dunq va dan dunq, khai thac che bien dau khi...
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Yerukhin A L,Lyubimuv vv, Ashitkuv R v. Fhase urmatiun in ceramic cuatinqs durinq lasma elec
trulytic uxidatiun u aluminium alluys |Jj. Ceramics nternatiunal,1OO8, 24 (1): 1G.
2. Jun Yuan, Murray haydn h. The imurtance u crystal murhuluqy un the viscusity u cuncentrated sus
ensiuns u kaulins |Jj. Alied Clay Science, 1OO7, 12: 2OO.
8. Zaman Abbas A, Sharad Mathur. nluence u disersinq aqents and sulutiun cunditiuns un the sulubility
u crude Kaulin |Jj.Culluid and nterace Science, 2OO4, 271: 124.
4. wanq Y K, Shenq L, Xiunq R Z. Study u Ceramic Cuatinqs Furmed by Micruarc 0xidatiun un Al Matrix
Cumusite Surace.|Jj.Surace Enqineerinq, 1OOO, 15 (2): 112118.
Ngi phan bien: T8 Tkh Th[ Thkhh Th0Y