Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Nama dan Lokasi Gedung
Bangunan gedung yang akan diselesaikan dalam tugas rancangan ini adalah
Pembangunan Pukesmas Matangglumpang dua.
1.2. Metode
Dalam perencanaan bangunan gedung ini diperlukan beberapa cara
perhitungan dan peraturan-peraturan.
1.2.1. Muatan/ Pembebanan
Untuk menghitung muatan-muatan pada bagian-bagian struktur bangunan
didasarkan pada beberapa peraturan ;
a.
FAISAL (020516019)
PerencanaanBangunan GedungI
Kayu
Kayu yang digunakan untuk kuda-kuda adalah kayu damar. Berdasarkan
PKKI-NI-5/1961, berat kayu damar adalah 0,59 gr/cm3 atau 590 kg/m3
termasuk kayu kelas kuat II, maka didapat tegangan-tegangan izin kayu :
FAISAL (020516019)
PerencanaanBangunan GedungI
BAB II
PERENCANAAN RANGKA KUDA-KUDA DARI KAYU
D1
A
V1
32O
C
B1
V3
D2
V4 D
4
D
B2
D3
V2
E
B3
F
B4
B5
L
V5
G
B6
B
o
9m
Jenis atap
= Seng
Alat sambung
= Baut
Jarak kuda-kuda
= 3,5 m
Muatan angin
= 50 kg/m2
FAISAL (020516019)
PerencanaanBangunan GedungI
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B5 = B6 =
A1
9
= 1,5 m
6
A11+ A
V1
=32o
=32o
B1 + B 2
B 1 =1,5 m
-
V2
V1= V5 = B1 tg
V1
= 1,5 tg 32o
= 0,93730 m
B1
A1+A2
V2
= 1,87461 m
B1+B2
V3 = 2,85 m
-
FAISAL (020516019)
PerencanaanBangunan GedungI
D1
V1
D2
V2
B3
B2
D2 = D3 = V22 + B32
D1 = D4 = V12 + B22
= (0,93730 ) 2 + (1,5) 2
= (1,87461) 2 + (1,5) 2
= 1,76877 m
= 2,40087 m
Panjang Batang
1,76877
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B5 = B6
1,50000
V1 = V5
0,93730
V2 = V4
1,87461
V3
2,8500
D1 = D4
1,76877
D2 = D3
2,40087
FAISAL (020516019)
1,9
= 0,633
3
Gording
Perencanaan Gording :
Ukuran gording
= 8/12
Jarak groding
= 0,633 m
Jarak kuda-kuda
= 3,5 m
Muatan angin
= 50 kg/m2
Kemiringan atap
= 32o
lt
= 100 x 1 x 5/4
= 125 kg/cm2
tk // = tr // = 85 x 1 x 5/4
= 106,125 kg/cm2
tk
= 25 x 1 x 5/4
= 31,25 kg/cm2
//
= 12 x 1 x 5/4
= 15 kg/cm2
qx = q cos
qy = q sin
qy
32o
qx
I=
W =
bh 2
6
Keterangan :
I = Momen lembam
W = momen penahan
Perhitungan Momen
a. Muatan mati
- Berat sendiri = 0,08 x 0,12x 590
= 5,664 kg/m
= 10 kg/m2 x 0,633
= 6,33 kg/m
- Berat atap
q = 11,994 kg/m
qx = q cos = 11,994 cos 32o
= 10,171 kg/m
= 6,356 kg/m
qx
32
= 9,733 kgm
5q x L4
5(0,15574 )(350) 4
= 0,264 cm
fx =
=
384 EI x 384(1x105 )(1152)
5q y L4
5(0,09733)(350) 4
= 0,371cm
fy =
=
384 EI y
384(105 )(512)
b. Muatan Hidup
-
Beban terpusat adalah beban pekerja dan peralatannya sebesar 100 kg (PPI 1983)
Px = P cos = 100 cos 32o = 84,805 kg
Py = P sin = 100 sin 32o = 52,992 kg
q
Mx = Px L = (84,805) (3,5) = 74,204 kgmy
My = Py L = (52,992) (3,5) = 46,368 kgm
FAISAL (020516019)
qx
32o
q
fy =
-
Px L3
84,805(350)3
= 0,658 cm
=
48 EI x 48(1.105 )(1152)
Py L3
48 EI y
52,992(350)3
= 0,924 cm
48(1.105 )(512)
qy = q sin
Mx = 1/8 qx L2
= 11,837 kgm
My = 1/8 qy L2
= 7,396 kgm
fx =
fy =
= 4,830 kg/m
5q x L4
5(0,07730 )(350) 4
= 0,131 cm
=
384 EI x 384(1x105 )(1152)
5q y L4
384 EI y
5(0,04830 )(350) 4
= 0,184 cm
384(105 )(512)
Dari kedua hasil tersebut maka beban hidup yang diperhitungkan adalah akibat
beban terpusat P = 100 kg.
c. Muatan Angin
Pada Perencanaan diambil tekanan angin sebesar W = 50 kg/m2. angin bekerja
tegak lurus bidang atap, jadi komponen angin dalam arah sumbu y = 0 dan
komponen angin hanya bekerja pada arah sumbu x saja. Untuk sudut 32o, maka
FAISAL (020516019)
= - 19,386 kgm
5q x L4
5(0,1266)(400) 4
= 0,215 cm
=
384 EI x 384(1x105 )(1152)
fy = 0
FAISAL (020516019)
Muatan Hidup
(Kg m)
Beban
Beban
terpusat
terbagi rata
(3)
(4)
Angin
tekan
Angin
hisap
Primer
Sekunder
(5)
(6)
(8) = (7)+(5)
15,574
74,204
11,837
11,631
- 19,386
89,778
101,409
My
9,733
46,368
7,396
56,101
56,101
fx
0,264
0,658
0,131
0,129
- 0,215
0,922
1,051
fy
0,371
0,924
0,184
1,295
1,295
Momen
Lendutan
(Kgm)
Muatan
Mati
(Kgm)
(1)
(2)
Mx
Beban Angin
Kombinasi Beban
Ket. Tabel : (7) = (2) + (3), karena pada kombinasi beban primer, yang diperhitungkan adalah niali
beban maksimum.
lt
Wx
= 192 cm3
Wy
= 128 cm3
Mx
My
lt ytb =
=
Mx My
+
= kg/cm2
Wx Wy
8977,8 5610,1
+
= 90,588 kg/cm2 < lt = 100 kg/cm2
192
128
lt
Mx
My
FAISAL (020516019)
10
Mx My
+
= kg/cm2
Wx Wy
10140,9 5610,1
+
192
128
Kontrol Lendutan
Kombinasi Lendutan
fx = fx beban mati + fx beban hidup + fx beban angin
= 0,264 + 0,658 + 0,129
= 0,922 cm
fy = fy beban mati + fy beban hidup + fy beban angin
= 0,371+ 0,924 + 0
= 1,295 cm
fytb
( fx ) 2 + ( fy ) 2 =
Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas, maka ukuran kayu 8/12 cm aman dipakai pada
konstruksi.
FAISAL (020516019)
11
= 2 x 4/14
= 10/14 cm
- Balok diagonal
= 10/14 cm
- Balok vertikal
= 10/14 cm
12
1
( A1 + B1 ) + A0
2
1
(14,610 + 9,912) + 9,739 kg
2
= 22,0kg
=
b. Titik buhul C = G
P=
1
( B1 + B2 + V1 )
2
1
(9,912 + 9,912 + 7,742)
2
= 13,783kg
=
c. Titik Buhul D = F
P=
1
( B2 + B3 + V3 + D1 )
2
1
(9,912 + 9,912 + 15,484 + 14,610)
2
= 24,959 kg
=
d. Titik Buhul E
FAISAL (020516019)
13
1
( B3 + B4 + D2 + D3 + V3 )
2
1
(9,912 + 9,912 + 19,831 + 19,831 + 23,541)
2
= 41,513kg
=
e. Titik Buhul H = L
P=
1
( A1 + A2 + D1 + V1 )
2
1
(14,610 + 14,610 + 14,610 + 7,742)
2
= 25,786 kg
=
f. Titik Buhul I = K
P=
1
( A2 + A3 + D2 + V2 )
2
1
(14,610 + 14,610 + 19,831 + 15,484)
2
= 32,2689 kg
=
g. Titik buhul J
P=
1
( A3 + A4 + V3 )
2
1
(14,610 + 14,610 + 23,541)
2
= 26,381kg
=
14
1
( A2 + A3 ) x3,5 x10
2
1
(1,76877 + 1,76877 ) x3,5 x10
2
= 61,907 kg
=
Berat Plafond
Berat plafond = berat langit langit dari semen asbes + berat penggantung =
11 kg/m2 + 7 kg/m2 = 18 kg/m2 (PPI -1983hal 12) beban tersebut kemudian
dilimpahkan ke titik buhul.
a.Titik buhul A = B
P = ( A0 + 1 2 B1 ) x3,5 x18
= (1,179 + 1 .1,5) x3,5 x18
2
= 121,527 kg
x
1
= 1,179
cos 32 =
x
b.Titik buhul C = D = E = F = G
P=
1
( B1 + B2 ) x3,5 x18
2
1
(1,5 + 1,5) x3,5 x18
2
= 94,5kg
=
Berat Gording
Direncanakan :
-
Ukuran Gording
= 8/12
Berat Gording
Jarak Gording
= 0,633 m
FAISAL (020516019)
15
Bentang A H
P
0,633
0,633
0,633
0,633
RA
1,179
MH
1,769
0,416
RH 1
=0
RA.1,769-P(2,948)-P(2,315)-P(1,682)-P(1,049)-P(0,416)= 0
RA =
= 94,245 kg
V = 0
RA +RH1 = 5 P
RH1 = 5 (19,824) 94,245 = 4,875 kg
2.
Bentang H I
FAISAL (020516019)
16
0,217
0,633
RH 1
0,633
0,286
RI 1
1,769
MI = 0
RH2.1,769 P (1,552) P (0,919) P (0,286)
RH2 =
V = 0
RH2 + RI1 = 3.P
RI1 = 3 (19,824) 30,896 = 28,576 kg
3.
Bentang I J
P
0,347
RI 1
0,633
0,633
0,156
1,769
MJ = 0
RI2 (1,769) P (1,422) P (0,789) P (0,156) = 0
FAISAL (020516019)
17
RJ
V = 0
RI2 + RJ = 3.P
RJ
18
b. Titik buhul H = I = K = L
P
c.
Titik buhul J
P
b. Titik buhul H = I = K = L
P
c.
Titik buhul J
FAISAL (020516019)
19
Tabel Pembebanan
Muatan Mati (kg)
Titik
Buhul
Sendiri
Atap
Plafond
Gording
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
22,0
22,0
13,783
24,959
41,513
24,959
13,783
25,786
32,268
26,381
32,268
25,786
72,218
72,218
61,907
61,907
61,907
61,907
61,907
121,527
121,527
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
-
94,245
94,245
35,771
55,101
65,894
55,101
35,771
MB = 0
RA =
P 3116
=
= 1558 kg
2
2
RB = RA = 1558 kg
20
Muatan Hidup
Hujan
Orang
(kg/m)
(kg)
104
100
104
100
100
100
100
100
100
89,158
100
89,158
100
89,158
100
89,158
100
89,158
100
Jumlah
Pembulatan
413,99
413,99
207,283
218,459
235,013
218,459
207,283
222,464
248,276
253,182
248,276
222,464
414
414
208
219
236
219
208
223
249
254
249
223
Muatan
Tetap
a
Tekan
Kiri
Hisap
Kanan
Hisap
Kiri
Tekan
kanan
FAISAL (020516019)
21
Gaya Sekunder
a+b+c
a+d+e
Pmax
Gaya
Desain
-2175
-168
198
282
-120
-2145
-2013
-2145
A2
-1770
-135
198
222
-120
-1707
-1668
-1707
A3
-1335
-99
198
162
-120
-1236
-1293
-1293
A4
-1335
-120
162
198
-99
-1293
-1293
-1293
A5
-1770
-120
222
198
-135
-1668
-1707
-1707
A6
-2175
-120
282
198
-168
-2013
-2145
-2145
B1
1830
243
-168
-408
102
1905
1524
1905
B2
1830
243
-168
-408
102
1905
1524
1905
B3
1425
173
-168
-288
102
1430
1239
1430
B4
1425
102
-288
-168
173
1239
1430
1430
B5
1830
102
-408
-168
243
1524
1905
1905
B6
1830
102
-408
-168
243
1524
1905
1905
D1
-405
-84
138
-489
-267
-489
D2
-585
-114
192
-699
-393
-699
D3
-585
192
-114
-393
-699
-699
D4
-405
00
138
-84
-267
-489
-489
V1
210
210
210
210
V2
435
45
-72
480
363
480
V3
1185
90
-144
-144
90
1131
1131
1131
V4
435
-72
45
363
480
480
V5
210
210
210
210
Ket :
(-) Tekan
(+) Tarik
BAB IV
PENDIMENSIAN BATANG
FAISAL (020516019)
22
-2145
1905
-699
1131
lt
= 100 kg/cm2
tk //
tk
//
tr //
= 85 kg/cm2
= 25 kg/cm2
= 12 kg/cm2
Koefisien :
- Konstruksi terlindung, = 1
- Muatan tetap, = 1
- Muatan tidak tetap, = 5/4
Tegangan izin menjadi :
lt
tk //
tk
//
tr //
Batang tarik
ytb =
P
<
Fnet
tr
dimana :
P
Fnet
= Fbr - Fperlemahan
= 0,8 Fbr
FAISAL (020516019)
23
imin
I min
=
Fbr
lk
i min
bh 3
= 0,289 h
b.h
dimana :
Lk
= Panjang tekuk
imin
= jari-jari kelembaman
Imin
Fbr
P.
<
Fbr
tk //
Harga dilihat pada daftar III PKKI 1961 hal 10, untuk dimensi batang
diambil gaya batang maksimal.
4.3 Perhitungan Kuda-kuda
a. Balok Bint
Ukuran kayu 2 x 4/14 cm
P = 1905 kg (tarik)
Perlemahan = 20 %
Fnet
= 0,8 Fbr
= 0,8 x 2 x 4 x 14
= 89,6 cm
P 1905
= 21,261 kg/cm2 <<< tr // 106,25 kg/cm2
=
Fnet 89,6
Karena tegangan yang timbul <<< 106,25 kg/cm2 , maka dicoba mengganti ukuran
kayu dengan ukuran 2. 410 untuk mencari nilai yang paling ekonomis.
Ukuran kayu 2 x 4/10 cm
ytb
FAISAL (020516019)
24
= 0,8 Fbr
= 0,8 x 2 x 4 x 10
= 64 cm
ytb
P 1905
= 29,766 kg/cm2 <
=
Fnet
64
tr //
106,25 kg/cm2
lk
i min
176,9
= 61,21 cm
2,89
P. 2145 x1,692
=
= 25,924 kg/cm2 <<<
Fbr
10 x14
FAISAL (020516019)
25
tk //
= 106,25 kg/cm2
i min
176,9
= 102,018 cm
1,734
P. 2145 x3,141
=
= 93,576 kg/cm2 <
Fbr
6 x12
tk //
c. Batang vertikal
Ukuran kayu 10/14 cm
P = 1131 kg (tarik)
Perlemahan = 20 %
Fnet
= 0,8 Fbr
= 0,8 x 10 x 14
= 112 cm
P 1131
= 10,098 kg/cm2 <<< tr // 106,25 kg/cm2
=
Fnet 112
Karena tegangan yang timbul <<< 106,25 kg/cm2 , maka dicoba mengganti ukuran
kayu dengan ukuran 6 12 untuk mencari nilai yang paling ekonomis.
Ukuran kayu 6 12 cm
ytb
P = 1905 kg (tarik)
Fnet
= 0,8 Fbr
= 0,8 x 6 x 12
= 57,6 cm
ytb
P 1131
= 19,635 kg/cm2 <
=
Fnet 57,6
d.Batang diagonal
Ukuran kayu
10
FAISAL (020516019)
/14 cm
26
tr //
106,25 kg/cm2
i min
240
= 83,05 cm
2,89
P. 699 x 2,242
=
= 11,194 kg/cm2 <<<
Fbr
10 x14
tk //
= 106,25 kg/cm2
lk
i min
240
= 138,408 cm
1,734
P. 699 x6,335
=
= 61,503 kg/cm2 <
Fbr
6 x12
FAISAL (020516019)
27
tk //
No. Batang
A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6
2. 4 14
6 12
6 12
fmaks =
dimana : fmaks
L
1
x900 = 4,5 cm
200
PLU
E.F
FAISAL (020516019)
28
Tabel Zetting
Batang
P
(kg)
L
(cm)
F
(cm2)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
-2175
-1770
-1335
-1335
-1770
-2175
176,877
176,877
176,877
176,877
176,877
176,877
-0,95
-0,95
-0,95
-0,95
-0,95
-0,95
72
72
72
72
72
72
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
1830
1830
1425
1425
1830
1830
150
150
150
150
150
150
0,80
0,80
0,80
0,80
0,80
0,80
80
80
80
80
80
80
0.027
0.027
0.021
0.021
0.027
0.027
D1
D2
D3
D4
-405
-585
-585
-405
176,877
240,087
240,087
176,877
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
72
72
72
72
0
0
0
0
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
210
435
1185
435
210
93,73
187,461
285
187,461
93,73
0.00
0.00
1,00
0,00
0.00
72
72
72
72
72
0
0
0,047
0
0
0,443
BAB V
PERENCANAAN SAMBUNGAN
5.1 Perhitungan Sambungan Batang dan Titik Buhul
FAISAL (020516019)
29
P.L.U
E .F
0.051
f =
0.041
0.031
0.031
0.041
0.051
A1
32
B1
b
4
=
= 0,93 , digunakan baut 1/2'' = 1,27 cm > 0,93 cm
b 4,3
P
2175
=
= 5,021 6 baut
S 433,101
2d = 2 x 1,27 = 2,54 3 cm
3d = 3 x 1,27 = 3,81 6 cm
5d = 5 x 1,27 = 6,35 7 cm
7d = 7 x 1,27 = 8,89 9 cm
5.2.2 Sambungan pada balok bint (Titik C dan G)
Gaya batang V 1 = 210 kg (tekan)
V1
FAISAL (020516019)
B1
B2
P 210
=
= 0,551 2 baut
S 381
2d = 2 x 1,27 = 2,54 3 cm
3d = 3 x 1,27 = 3,81 6 cm
5d = 5 x 1,27 = 6,35 8 cm
7d = 7 x 1,27 = 8,89 10 cm
V2
B3
FAISAL (020516019)
P
405
=
= 0,603 cm < tv = 2,2 cm
112.b 112.6
dipakai tv = 2 cm
ts =
tv
2
=
= 2,287 cm
cos .1 2 cos .1 2.58
tk = tk // - ( tk // - tk ).sin
= 85 - ( 85 - 25 ).sin 58
= 55,91 kg/cm 2
tk = 55,91 . 1 . 5/4 = 69,89 kg/cm 2
tk ytb =
N
P. cos .1 2 405.(cos .1 2.58)
=
=
= 25,81 kg/cm 2
ts.b
ts.b
2,287.6
= 1,27 cm
32
P 210
=
= 0,551 2 baut
S 381
2d = 2 x 1,27 = 2,54 3 cm
3d = 3 x 1,27 = 3,81 6 cm
5d = 5 x 1,27 = 6,35 8 cm
7d = 7 x 1,27 = 8,89 10 cm
A2
FAISAL (020516019)
A1
V1
D1
33
P
405
=
= 0,603 cm < tv = 2 cm
112.b 112.6
dipakai tv = 1,5 cm
ts =
tv
1,5
=
= 1,77 cm
cos .1 2 cos .1 2.64
tk = tk // - ( tk // - tk ).sin
= 85 ( 85 25 ).sin 64
= 53,20 kg/cm 2
tk = 53,20 . 1 . 5/4 = 66,50 kg/cm 2
tk ytb =
N
P. cos .1 2 405.(cos .1 2.64)
=
=
= 32,34 kg/cm 2
ts.b
ts.b
1,77.6
Fbr = 2 . a . 12
FAISAL (020516019)
34
P
210
=
= 0,673 2 baut
S 311,890
P 210
=
= 0,331 2 baut
S 635
35
A32
A2
V2
D2
P
583
=
= 0,868 cm < tv = 2 cm
112.b 112.6
dipakai tv = 1,5 cm
ts =
tv
1,5
=
= 2,12 cm
cos .1 2 cos .1 2.90
tk = tk // - ( tk // - tk ).sin
= 85 ( 85 25 ).sin 90
= 42,57 kg/cm 2
tk = 42,57 . 1 . 5/4 = 53,21 kg/cm 2
tk ytb =
N
P. cos .1 2 583.(cos .1 2.90)
=
=
= 32,409 kg/cm 2
ts.b
ts.b
2,12.6
36
Fbr = 2 . a . 12
8,847 = 2 . a . 12
a = 0,369 2 x 2 12
Fbr = 2 . a . 12
8,847 = 2 . a . 12
a = 0,369 2 x 2 12
Dipakai plat penyambung 2 x 2 12
Gaya yang bekerja P = 435 kg ( tr )
1. Hubungan plat penymbung dengan batang A 2 dan A 3
= 58o, digunakan baut 1/2'' = 1,27 cm
Sambungan tampang II, golongan II :
S = 100 db3 (1 0,6 sin ) = 100 (1,27) (6) (1 0,6 sin 58o) = 374,270 kg
S = 200 db1 (1 0,6 sin ) = 200 (1,27) (2) (1 0,6 sin 58o) = 249,510 kg
S = 430 d2 (1 0,35 sin ) = 430 (1,27)2 (1 0,35 sin 58o) = 487,690 kg
Smin = 249,510 kg
S = S x x = 249,510 x 1 x 5/4 = 311,890 kg
Jumlah baut yang dipakai :
n=
P
435
=
= 1,390 2 baut
S 311,890
FAISAL (020516019)
37
P 435
=
= 0,680 2 baut
S 635
FAISAL (020516019)
A4
38
dipakai tv = 2,2 cm tv = ts
tk ytb =
N
P. cos . 583.(cos .58)
=
=
= 53,590 kg/cm 2
ts.b
ts.b
2,2.6
Diambil Lv = 10 cm
39
P
585
=
= 0,87 cm < tv = 3 cm
112.b 112.6
dipakai tv = 1,5 cm
ts =
tv
1,5
=
= 1,560 cm
cos .1 2 cos .1 2.32
tk = tk // - ( tk // - tk ).sin
= 85 - ( 85 - 25 ).sin 32
= 68,460 kg/cm 2
tk = 68,460 . 1 . 5/4 = 85,580 kg/cm 2
tk ytb =
N
P. cos .1 2 585.(cos .1 2.32)
=
=
= 60,08 kg/cm 2
ts.b
ts.b
1,56.6
= 1,27 cm
40
n=
2d = 2 x 1,27 = 2,54 3 cm
3d = 3 x 1,27 = 3,81 6 cm
5d = 5 x 1,27 = 6,35 7 cm
7d = 7 x 1,27 = 8,89 9 cm
Lv =
Lv = 15 cm
Tabel Penggunaan Baut
Titik Buhul
Batang
A=B
a1 dan b1
C=G
b1 , b2 , dan v1
D=F
b2 , b3 , dan v2
b2 , b3 , dan d1
b3 , b4 , d2 , dan d1
b3 , b4 , dan v3
a1 , a2 , v1
a1 , a2 , d1
a2 , a3 , dan v2
a2 , a3 , dan d2
a3 , a4 , dan v3
E
H=L
I=K
J
Panjang Batang
Ukuran Batang
Volume
( cm )
( cm )
( cm 3 )
1,179
1,769
1,769
1,769
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
0,008
0,013
0,013
0,013
41
1,769
1,769
1,769
1,179
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
0,937
1,875
2,850
1,875
0,937
1,769
2,401
2,401
1,769
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
2 . 4/10
2 . 4/10
2 . 4/10
2 . 4/10
2 . 4/10
2 . 4/10
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
6/12
0,013
0,013
0,013
0,008
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,012
0,007
0,014
0,021
0,014
0,007
0,013
0,017
0,017
0,013
Jumlah
Volume kayu untuk kuda-kuda
0,289
= 0,289 m
= 10% x 0,289
= 0,0289 m 3
Volume total kayu
= 0,089 + 0,0289
= 0,3179 m 3
BAB VI
PERENCANAAN GORDING
J
I
K
D2
H
D1
A
32O
V1
C
B1
FAISAL (020516019)
D3
V2
V4 D
4
D
B2
V3
E
B3
F
B4
42
B5
L
V5
G
B6
B
o
Panjang batang
=9m
Jarak gording
Data profil :
= 0,633 m
Ix
= 139 cm4
Iy
= 30,9 cm4
Wx = 27,7 cm3
Wy = 9,82 cm3
F
= 9,469 cm2
= 7,43 kg/m
6.1 Pembebanan
Dalam perencanaan gording, harus diperhatikan muatan-muatan yang bekerja
pada gording, yaitu :
a. Muatan mati
b. Muatan hidup
- Muatan terpusat
- Muatan terbagi rata
c. Muatan angin
- Angin tekan
- Angin hisap
-
FAISAL (020516019)
43
= 7,43 kg/m
qtotal
= 13,76 kg/m
= 11,669 kg/m
qx = q cos
= 7,292 kg/m
Dy = qx L
= x 7,292 x 3,5
= 12,761 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
Px = P sin
= 52,992 kg
Py = P cos
= 84,805 kg
Mx = 1/8 Py L
My = 1/8 Px L
44
= x 84,805
= 42,403 kg
Dy = Px
= x 52,992
= 26,496 kg
= 14,4 kg/m2
= 9,115 kg/m
= 14,4 x 0,633
qx = q sin
= 4,830 kg/m
qy = q cos
= 7,729 kg/m
Dy = qx L
FAISAL (020516019)
45
= 7,596 kg/m
Mx = 1/8 qy L2
= 11,631 kgm
= x 7,596 x 3,5
= 13,293 kg
My = 0
Dx = qy L
Dy = 0
Muatan angin hisap
qx = 0
qy = - 0,4 x 0,633 x 50
= -12,66 kg/m
Mx = 1/8 qy L2
My = 0
Dx = qy L
Dy = 0
Momen
dan Gaya
Lintang
Beban Hidup
Beban Angin
Kombinasi
Sekunder
Primer
(B. sementara)
(B. tetap)
1+2
1+2+4 atau 1+2+5
Beban
mati
Terpusat
Terbagi rata
Tekan
Hisap
Mx
17,868
37,102
11,835
11,631
-19,386
54,970
66,601
My
11,166
46,368
7,396
57,534
57,534
Dx
20,421
42,403
13,526
13,293
-22,155
62,824
76,117
Dy
12,761
26,496
8,453
39,257
39,257
FAISAL (020516019)
46
Mx
= 54,970 kgm
= 5497 kgcm
My
= 57,534 kgm
= 5753,4 kgcm
Wx
= 27,7 cm3
Wy
= 9,82 cm3
ytb
Mx My 5497 5753,4
+
+
= 784,334 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
=
Wx Wy 27,7
9,82
= 66,601 kgm
= 6660,1 kgcm
My
= 57,534 kgm
= 5753,4 kgcm
Wx
= 27,7 cm3
Wy
= 9,82 cm3
ytb =
Mx My 6660,1 5753,4
+
+
= 826,323 kg/cm2 < sem = 1600 kg/cm2
=
Wx Wy
27,7
9,82
L
,
180
L = panjang gording
E = 2,1 x 106 kg/cm2
5(0,11669 )(350) 4
= 0,078 cm
fxD =
=
6
384 EI x 384( 2,1x10 )(139)
-
84,805(350)3
= 0,259 cm
fxT =
=
5
48 EI x 48(2,1x10 )(139)
FAISAL (020516019)
47
5(0,07596 )(350) 4
= 0,051cm
fxw =
=
384 EI y 384( 2,1x106 )(139)
fx total = (fxD + fxT + fxw) < f =
1
1
L=
x350 = 1,944 cm
180
80
5q x L4
5(0,07292 )(350) 4
= 0,219cm
=
384 EI y 384( 2,1x106 )(30,9)
5(0)(350) 4
=0
fyw =
=
384 EI y 384( 2,1x106 )(30,9)
fy total = (fxD + fxT + fxw) < f =
1
1
L=
x350 = 1,944 cm
180
180
= 0,219 + 0,729 + 0
fy total = 0,948 cm < f = 2,22 cm............................................................. (aman)
Total lendutan
ftotal
ftotal
0,3882 + 0,948 2
L
180
FAISAL (020516019)
48
D x .S x D y .S y
+
bx . I x
b y .I y
dimana :
Dx
Dy
Sx
Sy
Ix
Iy
bx
by
LLC 100.50.20.4,5
A = 100 mm
B = 50 mm
C = 20 mm
t = 4,5 mm
Cx = 50 mm
Cy = 18,85 mm
FAISAL (020516019)
49
F1 .C1 + F2 .C 2 + F3 .C 3 + F4 .C 4 + F5 .C 5
Ftot
(450 x 2,25) + (184,5 x 25) + (90 x 47,75) + (184,5 x 25) + (90 x 47,75)
999
= 18,85 mm
Sx
FAISAL (020516019)
50
D x .S x D y .S y
+
< 0,58 = 0,58 x 1600 = 928 kg/cm2
bx . I x
b y .I y
= 17,234 + 23,704
= 40,938 kg/cm2
D x .S x D y .S y
+
< 0,58 (1,3 ) = 0,58 x (1,3 x1600) = 1206,4 kg/cm2
bx . I x
b y .I y
= 20,881 + 23,704
= 44,585 kg/cm2
FAISAL (020516019)
51
= ( A1 + A9) x 3,5x 10
= ( (1,76877) + 1,179) x 3,5 x 10
= 72,2183 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
52
x
1,179
x = 0,999 1
P = B1 x 3,5 x 18 x 1
= x 1,5 x 3,5 x 18 x 1
= 47,25 kg
- Titik A = B
P = ( B1 + B2 ) x 3,5 x 18 x 1
= x (1,5 + 1,5 ) x 3,5 x 18 x 1
= 94,5 kg
7.3 Berat Gording
Berat gording LLC 100.70.20.4,5 = 7,43 kg/m
Jarak gording = 0,633 m
Jarak kuda-kuda = 3,5 m
Pembebanan gording = 7,43 kg/m x 3,5 m = 26,01 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
53
Bentang A H
P
0,633
0,633
0,633
0,633
RA
1,179
1,769
0,416
RH 1
MH = 0
RA.1,769-P(2,948)-P(2,315)-P(1,682)-P(1,049)-P(0,416) = 0
RA =
= 123,654 kg
V = 0
RA +RH1 = 5 P
RH1 = 5 (26,01) 123,654 = 6,396 kg
-
Bentang H I
0,217
RH 1
FAISAL (020516019)
0,633
0,633
0,286
RI 1
1,769
54
MI = 0
RH2.1,769 P (1,552) P (0,919) P (0,286)
RH2 =
RH2 + RI1
RI1
= 3. P
= 3 (26,01) 40,537 = 37,493 kg
Bentang I J
P
0,347
RI 1
0,633
0,633
0,156
1,769
RJ
MJ = 0
RI2.1,769 P (1,422) P (0,789) P (0,156)
RI2 =
RI2 + RJ
RJ
= 3. P
= 3 (26,01) 21,422 = 56,608 kg
55
a.
Titik A = B
P = ( A1 + A9) x 3,5 x 14,4
= ( (1,76877) + 1,179) x 3,5 x 14,4
= 103,995 kg
c.
Titik H = I = J = K = L
P = (A1 + A2) x 3,5 x 14,4
= (1,76877 + 1,76877) x 3,5 x 14,4
= 89,146 kg
Muatan angin
Gaya angin, w = 50 kg/m2
- Angin tekan, koefisien = (0,02 0,4) = ((02 x 32) 0,4) = 0,24
a.
Titik buhul A = B
P
b.
Titik buhul H = I = K = L
P
Titik buhul J
P
= A3 x 3,5 x 0,24 x 50
= (1,76877) x 3,5 x 0,24 x 50
= 37,144 kg
b. Titik buhul H = I = K = L
P
c.
Titik buhul J
P
Tabel Pembebanan
FAISAL (020516019)
57
Titik
buhul
Bracing
Berat
atap
Berat
plafond
49
12,25
72,218
47,25
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
12,25
12,25
12,25
12,25
12,25
12,25
12,25
12,25
72,218
61,907
61,907
47,25
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
94,5
-
J
K
L
49
49
49
12,25
12,25
12,25
61,907
61,907
61,907
Berat
gording
123,65
4
123,65
4
46,933
58,915
113,21
6
58,915
46,933
Beban
Hidup
Beban
Total
Gaya
Design
(Kg)
(Kg)
(Kg)
Tekan
Hisap
103,995
408,617
409
86,662
144,437
103,995
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
408,617
255,750
255,750
255,750
255.750
255,750
270,090
282,072
409
256
256
256
256
256
271
283
86,662
74,288
74,288
144,437
123,830
123,830
100
100
100
335,373
282,072
270,090
336
283
271
37,144
74,288
74,288
61,907
123,830
123,830
P = 3542 kg
MB = 0
RA =
P 3542
=
2
2
FAISAL (020516019)
RA = RB = 1771 kg
58
Beban Angin
Muatan
Tetap
Muatan Angin
Hisap
Hisap
Kanan
Kiri
c
d
198
282
198
222
198
162
162
198
222
198
282
198
Gaya Sekunder
Tekan
kanan
e
-120
-120
-120
-99
-135
-168
a+b+c
-2565
-2037
-1491
-1548
-1998
-2433
Pmax
Gaya
Desain
a+d+e
-1233
-1998
-1548
-1491
-2037
-2565
-2565
-2037
-1548
-1548
-2037
-2565
-2565
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
a
-2595
-2100
-1590
-1590
-2100
-2595
Tekan
Kiri
b
-168
-135
-99
-120
-120
-120
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
2190
2190
1762,5
1762,5
2190
2190
243
243
173
102
102
102
-168
-168
-168
-288
-408
-408
-408
-408
-288
-168
-168
-168
102
102
102
173
243
243
2265
2265
1767,5
1576,5
1884
1884
1884
1884
1576,5
1767,5
2265
2265
2265
2265
1767,5
1767,5
2265
2265
2265
D1
D2
D3
D4
-510
-690
-690
-510
-84
-114
0
0
0
0
192
138
0
0
192
138
138
192
0
0
0
0
-114
-84
-594
-804
-498
-372
-372
-498
-804
-594
-804
V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
255
547,5
1320
547,5
255
0
45
90
0
0
0
0
-144
-72
0
0
0
-144
-72
0
0
-72
-144
0
0
0
0
90
45
0
255
587,5
1266
475,5
255
255
475,5
1266
587,5
255
1266
BAB VIII
PENDIMENSIAN BATANG
FAISAL (020516019)
59
= 1600 kg
maks = 140 (untuk batang tekan)
i = 1,17 cm
= 6,91 cm2
I = 9,43 cm4
ix = iy = 1,82 cm
w = 4,24 cm
e = 1,69 cm
= 0,6 cm
Kontrol :
x =
L x 177
= 97,253 < 140 ................................................................... (aman)
=
i x 1,82
1 =
L1 177
=
= 151,282 > maks = 50 ................................ (diperlukan plat kopel)
in 1,17
Lmaks = maks . in
= 50 x 1,17
= 58,5 cm
Jumlah kopel
n
L1
L
Lmaks
177
= 3,026 4 buah
58,5
L
177
=
= 44,25 cm
Jlh kopel
4
FAISAL (020516019)
60
iy
L1 44,25
=
= 37,821 cm < maks = 50 . (aman)
in
1,17
( y ) 2 + m2 (1 ) 2 maks
= 2 [ Iy1 + F1 (e + 0,5.)2]
= 2 [22,8 + 6,91 (1,69 + (0,5 x 4)2]
= 94,97 cm4
Iy
iy
( y ) 2 + m2 (1 ) 2 , m = jumlah profil
2F
Ly
iy
94,97
= 2,621 cm
2 x6,91
iy
177
= 67,531
2,621
Syarat :
x 1,2 1 97,253 1,2 x 37,821 97,253 45,385 .......................... (aman)
iy 1,2 1 77,401 1,2 x 37,821 77,401 45,385 .......................... (aman)
= 97 = 1,959
= 98 = 1,984
= 97,253 = 1,959 +
61
Px 2565 x1,965
= 364,7608 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
=
2 x6,91
2F
= 2 (b + ) = 2 (6 + (0,4)) = 12,4 cm
= tprofil + tkopel
= 6 mm + 4 mm = 10 mm = 1,0 cm
(0,4)(8)3
9,43
10
44,25
2(1,69) + 0,4
1
12
L1
44,25
= 51,3
= 623,633 kg T = Gaya yang bekerja pada arah
2a
2 x1,82
melintang
M 625,523
=
= 146,596 kg/cm2 < =1600 kg/cm2 ................(aman)
W
4,267
FAISAL (020516019)
62
3T 3 x623,633
=
= 135,376 kg/cm2 < = 0,58 x 1600 = 928 kg/cm2 ...... (aman)
2F
2 x6,91
tu
Gaya vertikal : Kv =
Gaya horizontal : KH =
M 1.y
x 2 + y 2
625,523 x1,905
= 164,180 kg
0 + 7,258
2
2
K H + KV = (164,180) 2 + (311,817 ) 2 = 352,399 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
63
= 1600 kg/cm2
maks = 240 (untuk batang tarik)
imin =
Fbr =
Lk
150
=
= 0,625 cm
maks 240
P 2265
=
= 1,416 cm2
1600
Menurut AISC :
Fn = 1,2 x Fbr = 1,2 x 1,416 = 1,699 cm2
FAISAL (020516019)
64
Kontrol Tegangan :
P 2265
=
= 327,786 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
F
6,91
Lk 150
=
= 82,418 < maks = 240 ..(aman)
x =
ix 1,82
ytb =
L1 1500
=
= 128,205 < maks = 240 ...
i
1,17
(aman)
Jadi profil 60.60.6 dapat digunakan.
1 =
65
= 1600 kg/cm2
maks = 140 (untuk batang tekan)
i = 1,17 cm
= 6,91 cm2
I = 9,43 cm4
ix = iy = 1,82 cm
w = 4,24 cm
e = 1,69 cm
= 0,6 cm
Kontrol :
x =
L x 177
= 97,253 < 140 ................................................................... (aman)
=
i x 1,82
1 =
L1 177
=
= 151,282 > maks = 50 ................................ (diperlukan plat kopel)
in 1,17
Lmaks = maks . in
= 50 x 1,17
= 58,5 cm
Jumlah kopel
L
177
= 3,025 4 buah
58,5
L1
L
177
=
= 44,25 cm
Jlh kopel
4
L1 44,25
=
= 37,821 cm < maks = 50 . (aman)
in
1,17
Lmaks
FAISAL (020516019)
66
( y ) 2 + m2 (1 ) 2 maks
= 2 [ Iy1 + F1 (e + 0,5.)2]
= 2 [22,8 + 6,91 (1,69 + (0,5 x 4)2]
= 94,97 cm4
Iy
iy
( y ) 2 + m2 (1 ) 2 , m = jumlah profil
2F
Ly
iy
94,97
= 2,621 cm
2 x6,91
iy
177
= 67,531
2,621
Syarat :
x 1,2 1 97,253 1,2 x 37,821 97,253 45,385 .......................... (aman)
iy 1,2 1 77,401 1,2 x 37,821 77,401 45,385 .......................... (aman)
= 97 = 1,959
= 98 = 1,984
= 97,253 = 1,959 +
Px 594 x1,965
= 84,458 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
=
2 x6,91
2F
FAISAL (020516019)
67
= 2 (b + ) = 2 (6 + (0,4)) = 12,4 cm
= tprofil + tkopel
= 6 mm + 4 mm = 10 mm = 1,0 cm
(0,4)(8)3
9,43
10
44,25
2(1,69) + 0,4
1
12
L1
44,25
= 11,88
= 144,420 kg T = Gaya yang bekerja pada arah
2a
2 x1,82
melintang
M 272,954
=
= 63,969 kg/cm2 < =1600 kg/cm2 .................(aman)
W
4,267
3T 3 x144,420
=
= 31,350 kg/cm2 < = 0,58 x 1600 = 928 kg/cm2 ........ (aman)
2F
2 x6,91
FAISAL (020516019)
68
tu
Gaya vertikal : Kv =
Gaya horizontal : KH =
M 1.y
x 2 + y 2
272,954 x1,905
= 71,642 kg
0 + 7,258
2
2
K H + KV = (71,642) 2 + (72,210) 2 = 101,719 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
69
= 1600 kg/cm2
maks = 140 (untuk batang tekan)
Dipilih profil 90.90.9, dari tabel diperoleh data :
Ix = Iy = 116 cm4
F
= 15,5 cm2
i = 1,76 cm
I = 47,8 cm4
ix = iy = 2,74 cm
e = 2,54 cm
Kontrol :
x =
L x 240
= 87,591 < 240 .................................................................. (aman)
=
i x 2,74
1 =
L1 240
=
= 136,364 > maks = 50 ............................... (diperlukan plat kopel)
in 1,76
Lmaks = maks . in
= 50 x 1,76
= 88 cm
Jumlah kopel
L
240
= 2,727 3 buah
88
L1
L
240
=
= 80 cm
Jlh kopel
3
L1
80
=
= 45,455 cm < maks = 50 ... (aman)
in 1,76
iy
Lmaks
( y ) 2 + m2 (1 ) 2 maks
FAISAL (020516019)
70
= 2 [ Iy1 + F1 (e + 0,5.)2]
= 2 [116 + 15,5 (1,69 + (0,5 x 0,4)2]
= 311,98 cm4
Iy
iy
( y ) 2 + m2 (1 ) 2 , m = jumlah profil
2F
Ly
iy
311,98
= 3,172 cm
2 x15,5
iy
240
= 7,566
31,72
Syarat :
x 1,2 1 87,591 1,2 x 45,455 87,591 54,546 ................................ (aman)
iy 1,2 1 46,080 1,2 x 45,455 46,080 54,546 .......................... (aman)
= 87 = 1,741
= 88 = 1,761
= 87,591 = 1,741 +
Px 804 x1,7528
= 45,459 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
=
2 x15,5
2F
FAISAL (020516019)
71
= 2 (b + ) = 2 (9 + (0,4)) = 18,4 cm
= tprofil + tkopel
= 9 mm + 5 mm = 14 mm = 1,4 cm
(0,5)(10)3
47,8
10
2(2,54) + 0,4
80
1
12
L1
44,25
= 11,88
= 144,420 kg T = Gaya yang bekerja pada arah
2a
2 x1,82
melintang
M 690,150
=
= 82,821 kg/cm2 < =1600 kg/cm2 ..................(aman)
W
8,333
3T 3 x 234,745
=
= 22,717 kg/cm2 < = 0,58 x 1600 = 928 kg/cm2 ....... (aman)
2F
2 x15,5
FAISAL (020516019)
72
tu
Gaya vertikal : Kv =
Gaya horizontal : KH =
M 1.y
x 2 + y 2
690,150 x 2,385
= 144,691 kg
0 + 11,376
2
2
K H + KV = (144,691) 2 + (117,373) 2 = 186,311 kg
73
= 1600 kg/cm2
maks = 240 (untuk batang tekan)
imin =
Lk
94
=
= 0,392 cm
maks 240
P 255
=
= 0,159 cm2
1600
Fbr =
Menurut AISC :
Fn = 1,2 x Fbr = 1,2 x 0,159 = 0,191 cm2
Dicoba menggunakan Profil 90.90.9,.dari tabel diperoleh data :
F = 15,5 cm2
e = 2,54 cm
Ix = Iy = 116 cm4
ix = iy = 2,74 cm
i = 1,76 cm
I = 47,8 cm4
W = 13,3 cm 3
Kontrol Tegangan :
P 255
=
= 16,452 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
F 15,5
Lk
94
=
= 34,307 < maks = 240 .(aman)
x =
ix
2,74
ytb =
1 =
L1
94
=
= 53,409 < maks = 240 ...(aman)
i 1,76
74
= 1600 kg/cm2
maks = 240
imin =
Lk
187
=
= 0,779 cm
maks 240
P 587,5
=
= 0,367 cm2
1600
Fbr =
Menurut AISC :
Fn = 1,2 x Fbr = 1,2 x 0,367 = 0,440 cm2
Dicoba menggunakan Profil 90.90.9,.dari tabel diperoleh data :
F = 15,5 cm2
e = 2,54 cm
Ix = Iy = 116 cm4
ix = iy = 2,74 cm
i = 1,76 cm
I = 47,8 cm4
W = 13,3 cm 3
Kontrol Tegangan :
P 587,5
=
= 37,903 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
F
15,5
Lk
94
=
= 34,307 < maks = 240 .(aman)
x =
ix
2,74
ytb =
1 =
L1 187
=
= 68,248 < maks = 240 ...(aman)
i 2,74
75
= 1600 kg/cm2
maks = 240
imin =
Lk
285
=
= 1,188 cm
maks 240
P 1266
=
= 0,791 cm2
1600
Fbr =
Menurut AISC :
Fn = 1,2 x Fbr = 1,2 x 0,791 = 0,949 cm2
Dicoba menggunakan Profil 90.90.9,.dari tabel diperoleh data :
F = 15,5 cm2
e = 2,54 cm
Ix = Iy = 116 cm4
ix = iy = 2,74 cm
i = 1,76 cm
I = 47,8 cm4
W = 13,3 cm 3
Kontrol Tegangan :
P 1266
=
= 81,677 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2
F 15,5
Lk
= 285 = 104,014 < maks = 240 .(aman)
x =
ix
ytb =
1 =
L1 285
=
= 161,932 < maks = 240 .....(aman)
i 1,76
Profil
Batang
FAISAL (020516019)
Berat profil
Panjang batang
76
faktor
reduksi
Berat batang
55 . 55 . 10
7,90
1,769
0.9
12,578
A2
55 . 55 . 10
7,90
1,769
0.9
12,578
A3
55 . 55 . 10
7,90
1,769
0.9
12,578
A4
55 . 55 . 10
7,90
1,769
0.9
12,578
A5
55 . 55 . 10
7,90
1,769
0.9
12,578
A6
55 . 55 . 10
7,90
1,769
0.9
12,578
B1
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,5
0.9
7,317
B2
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,5
0.9
7,317
B3
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,5
0.9
7,317
B4
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,5
0.9
7,317
B5
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,5
0.9
7,317
B6
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,5
0.9
7,317
D1
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,769
0.9
8,629
90 . 90 . 9
90 . 90 . 9
12,2
12,2
2,40
2,40
0.9
0.9
26,352
26,352
D4
60 . 60 . 6
5,42
1,769
0.9
8,629
V1
90 . 90 . 9
12,2
0,937
0.9
10,288
12,2
1,875
0.9
20,588
D2
D3
V2
90 . 90 . 9
90 . 90 . 9
12,2
2,850
0.9
31,293
V4
90 . 90 . 9
12,2
1,875
0.9
20,588
V5
90 . 90 . 9
12,2
0,937
0.9
10,288
282,377
V3
FAISAL (020516019)
77
= 1600 kg/cm2
Dipilih baut diameter '' = 1,27 cm
Tinjauan kemampuan baut :
Kekuatan baut terhadap geser
Pgeser
= Fgeser . geser
= N ( d2) . 0,6
= 1 ( x 1,272) 0,6 x 1600
= 1216,098 kg
= t x d 1,2 x tu
= 0,4 x 1,27 x 1,2 x 1600
= 975,360 kg
Pgeser > Ptumpu, maka perhitungan jumlah baut didasarkan pada harga Ptumpu dengan
rumus :
Jumlah baut : n =
FAISAL (020516019)
P
Ptumpu
78
n=
32
B1
2565
= 2,629 4 baut
975,360
Batang B1
Ptr = 2265 kg
n=
2265
= 2,322 4 baut
975,360
Batang V1
Ptr = 255 kg
V1
B1
n=
B2
255
= 0,261 2 baut
975,360
Batang B1 dan B2
PB1 = 2265 kg
PB2 = 2265 kg
n=
2265 + 2265
= 4,644 6 baut
975,36
FAISAL (020516019)
79
A2
PA2 = 2565 kg ( tk )
A1
V1
PD1 = 594 kg ( tk )
D1
PV1 = 255 kg ( tr )
Batang A1 dan A2
Ptk = 2565 2565 = 528 kg
n=
528
= 0,541 2 baut
975,360
Batang D1
Ptk = 594 kg
n=
594
= 0,609 2 baut
975,360
Batang V1
Ptr = 255 kg
n=
255
= 0,261 2 baut
975,360
V2
B2
PB3 = 1767,5 kg ( tr )
B3
PD1 = 594 kg ( tk )
PV2 = 587,5 kg ( tr )
Batang B2 dan B3
Ptk = 2565 1767,5 = 497,5 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
80
497,5
= 0,510 2 baut
975,360
Batang D1
Ptk = 594 kg
n=
594
= 0,609 2 baut
975,360
Batang V2
Ptr = 587,5 kg
n=
587,5
= 0,602 2 baut
975,360
A2
V2
D2
PA3 = 1548 kg ( tk )
PD2 = 804 kg ( tk )
PV2 = 587,5 kg ( tr )
Batang A2 dan A3
Ptk = 2037 1548 = 489 kg
n=
489
= 0,501 2 baut
975,360
Batang D2
Ptk = 804 kg
n=
804
= 0,824 2 baut
975,360
Batang V2
Ptr = 587,5 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
81
587,5
= 0,602 2 baut
975,360
3535
= 3,624 4 baut
975,360
Batang D2 dan D3
Ptk = 804 804 = 0 kg
n=
0
= 0 2 baut
975,360
Batang V3
Ptr = 1266 kg
n=
1266
= 1,298 2 baut
975,360
FAISAL (020516019)
82
A4
PA4 = 1548 kg ( tk )
PV3 = 1266 kg ( tr )
Batang A3 dan A4
Ptr = 1548 1548 = 0 kg
n=
0
= 0 4 baut
975,360
Batang V3
Ptr = 1266 kg
n=
1266
= 1,298 2 baut
975,360
FAISAL (020516019)
83
1
L
360
Dimana :
fmaks = Penurunan maksimum yang diizinkan
L
Dalam perhitungan zetting dianggap bekerja gaya 1 ton = 1 sataun = 1000 kg dan
mempunyai harga maksimum pada saay gaya berada di tengah-tengah konstruksi.
Besarnya gaya batang dihitung dengan metode cremona. Untuk menghitung besarnya
zetting dari suatu konstruksi kuda-kuda digunakan rumus :
f=
Dimana : f
SLU
EF
1
1
L=
x900 = 2,50 cm
360
360
FAISAL (020516019)
84
P
(kg)
L
(cm)
U
(1 satuan)
F
(cm2)
E
(kg/cm2)
fsytb
(cm)
A1
-2565
176,877
-0,95
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,020
10,1
2,1 x 10
0,020
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,020
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,020
10,1
0,020
10,1
2,1 x 10
0,020
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,019
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,019
10,1
0,019
10,1
2,1 x 10
0,019
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,019
10,1
2,1 x 106
0,019
10,1
2,1 x 106
15,5
2,1 x 106
15,5
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
D1
D2
D3
-2565
176,877
-0,95
-2565
176,877
-0,95
-2565
176,877
-0,95
-2565
176,877
-0,95
-2565
176,877
-0,95
2265
150
0,80
2265
150
0,80
2265
150
0,80
2265
150
0,80
2265
150
0,80
2265
150
0,80
-804
-804
-804
176,877
240,087
240,087
0,00
0,00
0,00
2,1 x 10
2,1 x 10
2,1 x 10
D4
-804
176,877
0,00
10,1
2,1 x 10
V1
1266
93,730
0,00
15,5
2,1 x 106
15,5
2,1 x 10
15,5
2,1 x 106
0,011
15,5
2,1 x 106
15,5
V2
V3
V4
V5
1266
1266
1266
1266
187,461
285
187,461
0,00
1,00
0,00
93,730
0,00
JUMLAH
2,1 x 10
0
0,245
fmaks =
1
1
L=
x900 = 2,50 cm
360
360
FAISAL (020516019)
85
1
2
Ket :
h
dk
= jarak kuda-kuda
86
dk
dg
Maka :
P' = 0,01 x 2565 + (0,005 x 4 x 10 x 3,50 x 0,633 ) = 26,093 kg
Pada bentang ikatan angin harus dipenuhi syarat : PPBBI 1983 Subbab 7.4 :
h
0,25 xQ
ExAtepi
Dimana :
h
= 2 (A1 + A2 + A3)
= 2 (3 x 1,769) = 10,614 m
87
Maka :
h
L
3,50
10,614
0,25 xQ
ExAtepi
0,25 x1485,96
2,1x106 x37,149
P
25,65
=
= 0,020 cm2
0,8 0,8 x1600
d=
4F
4 x0,020
=
= 0,159 cm
= x x d2
= x x (1)2 = 0,785 cm2 > 0,047 cm2
Kontrol tegangan :
ytb =
P 25,65
=
= 1282,5 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2 ........................ (aman)
F 0,020
FAISAL (020516019)
Luas II
1
3
x 4.5
1.5
1
3
x 4.5
1.5
88
P2
3.5 m
H = 0
P1
D2cos P1 = 0
D1
2 .8 5 m
V1
V2
D2 =
D2
II
III
P1
151,245
=
= 195,058 kg
cos cos 39,16o
V = 0
P2
3 .5 m
V2 + D2 sin = 0
V2 = - 195,058 sin 39,16o = 123,177 kg
Titik buhul II
V = 0
V2 D1sin
D1 =
=0
123,177
= 195,058 kg ( tarik )
sin 39,16o
FAISAL (020516019)
89
pmaks 195,058
=
= 0,122 cm2
1600
L=
Lk 199
=
= 0,569 cm
350
P 195,058
=
= 105,437 kg/cm2 < = 1600 kg/cm2 ....................... (aman)
F
1,85
x =
105,437
= 142,482 < 240 ......................................................................... (ok)
0,74
1 =
105,437
= 164,745 < 240 ......................................................................... (ok)
0,64
FAISAL (020516019)
90
Profil
Luas Penampang
Panjang batang
Kubikasi
(mm)
(m 2 )
(m)
(m 3 )
A1
55 . 55 . 10
0,00101
1,769
0,00179
A2
55 . 55 . 10
0,00101
1,769
0,00179
A3
55 . 55 . 10
0,00101
1,769
0,00179
A4
55 . 55 . 10
0,00101
1,769
0,00179
0,00179
A5
55 . 55 . 10
0,00101
1,769
A6
55 . 55 . 10
0,00101
1,769
0,00179
B1
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,5
0,00152
B2
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,5
0,00152
B3
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,5
0,00152
B4
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,5
0,00152
B5
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,5
0,00152
B6
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,5
0,00152
D1
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
1,769
0,00179
90 . 90 . 9
90 . 90 . 9
0,00155
0,00155
2,40
2,40
0,00372
0,00372
D4
60 . 60 . 6
0,00101
0,00122
V1
90 . 90 . 9
0,00155
1,769
0,937
V2
90 . 90 . 9
0,00155
1,875
0,00291
V3
90 . 90 . 9
0,00155
2,850
0,00442
0,00291
0,00145
0,14011
D2
D3
V4
90 . 90 . 9
0,00155
1,875
V5
90 . 90 . 9
0,00155
Jumlah
0,937
0,00145
= 0,14011 m 3
= 25% x 0,14011
= 0,03503 m 3
= 0,14011 + 0,03503
= 0,17514 m 3
FAISAL (020516019)
91
I
D2
H
A
32O
B1
V1
C
B2
D3
V2
D1
V3
V4
D4
B3
B4
2,85
L
B5
V5
GB6
B
o
Kemiringan atap ()
= 30o
Rangka kuda-kuda
= 3,5 m
Jarak gording
= 0,633 m
= 100 x 50 x 20 x 4,5
Berat gording
= 7,43 kg/m
Penggantung
= 10 kg/m2
FAISAL (020516019)
92
A. Beban Mati
Beban Atap
Berat seng
FAISAL (020516019)
93
B. Beban Hidup
Beban hidup yang diperhitungkan adalah beban terpusat akibat pekerja dan
peralatannya yang bekerja ditengah bentang, yaitu sebesar:
P = 100 Kg ( PPI 1983 )
Beban terpusat bekerja pada 12 titik buhul, maka P = 12 x 100 = 1200 kg
Menurut SK- SNI- T- 15- 1991- 03 agar struktur dan komponen memenuhi syarat
ketentuan yang banyak dipakai terhadap bermacam-macam kombinasi beban, maka
harus memenuhi ketentuan:
W u = 1,2 D + 1,6 L
= 1,2 (1577,446) + 1,6 (1200)
= 3812,935 kg
Jadi tumpuan masing-masing menerima beban kuda-kuda sebesar:
W u = (3812,935) = 1906,468 kg
12.2Pembebanan Tangga
12.2.1 Plat Tangga
100
30 cm
FAISAL (020516019)
300
280
94
200
t = 17 cm
150
cm
30 cm
150
cm
20 cm
200
cm
= 100 cm
= 20 cm
= 30 cm
= 20cm
Kemiringan tangga :
tg = 20/30
= tg-1 0,667
= 33,70o
r = 150 2 + 280 2
30 2 + 20 2
r = 317,648 cm
S = 1300
S = 36,06 cm
Sehingga jumlah anak tangga =
317,648
= 8 buah tangga
36,06
= 20 cm + t
= 20 + (17)
= 28,5 cm
FAISAL (020516019)
280
cm
95
= 684
kg/m
= 1 x 0,03 x 1600
= 48
kg/m
= 1 x 0,02 x 2200
= 44
kg/m
= 1 x 0,01 x 2400
= 24
kg/m
W D = 800
kg/m
B. Beban Hidup
Berdasarkan PPI-1983, untuk tangga ditentukan besarnya q = 300 kg/m2 dan
koefisien reduksinya sebesar 0,75 maka besarnya beban hidup :
W L = 1 X 300 X 0,75 = 225 kg/m
Beban yang diterima tangga adalah :
WU
= 1,2 W D + 1,6 W L
= 1,2 (800) + 1,6 (225)
= 1320 kg/m = 1,32 t/m
= 2 x 0,15 x 2400
= 720
kg/m
= 2 x 0,03 x 1600
96
kg/m
= 2 x 0,02 x 2200
88
kg/m
= 2 x 0,02 x 2400
96
kg/m
W D = 1000
kg/m
B. Beban Hidup
Dari PPI-1983 untuk bordes dipakai q = 300 kg/m2,
dengan lebar bordes 1,5 m
FAISAL (020516019)
96
faktor
reduksi
0,75
Pembebanan Lantai
A. Beban Mati
0,15 x 2400
= 360
kg/m2
0,03 x 1600
48
kg/m2
0,02 x 2200
44
kg/m2
0,01 x 2400
24
kg/m2
W D = 476
kg/m2
B. Beban Hidup
Beban hidup yang timbul pada lantai untuk jenis bangunan asrama adalah sebesar
250 kg/m2. untuk lantai ruangan dan lantai gang sebesar 300 kg/m2 (PPI 1983)
koefisien reduksi untuk lanati ruangan adalah sebesar 0,75 dan gang sebesar 0,75
(PPI 1983). Maka total beban yang bekerja pada lantai adalah:
a.
Lantai Ruangan
WU = 1,2 W D + 1,6 W L
= 1,2 (476) + 1,6 (250 X 0,75)
= 871,2 kg/m
b. Lantai Gang
WU = 1,2 W D + 1,6 W L
= 1,2 (476) + 1,6 (300 X 0,75)
= 931,2 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
97
Beban lantai disebarkan dalam bentuk segitiga dan trapesium yang dijadikan beban
merata equivalen.
1. Bentuk segitiga
qeq = 1/3 Lx Wu
Lx
Lx
2. Bentuk trapesium
Lx
Lx
Ly - Lx
Ly
FAISAL (020516019)
qeq =
Lx
98
VI
II
III
3
a
b
350
a
b
10
17
18
d
20 0
d d
d d
25
26
II
400
d d
16
b
a
23
24
c
d d
c
30
c
31
32
III
400
4 00
400
400
4 00
40 0
Type
Lx (m)
Ly (m)
Wu (Kg/m)
qeq (kg/m)
3,5
871,2
1135,5
3,5
871,2
1135,5
931,2
853,6
931,2
620,8
FAISAL (020516019)
99
a
b
c
29
b
a
22
c
c
28
15
VI
12
c
14
c
27
20
c
a
19
13
IV
12
350
11
IV
P
4
350
350
200
Balok P 1
P2 = P3P4
Beban dinding
Balok P 3 P 4
Balok lantai (30/40)
Balok lantai ( d )
= 620,8
Beban dinding
= 620,8 kg/m
q = 1801,3 kg/m
b. Beban terpusat
P1
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
Balok lantai melintang (30/40) = 0,3 x 0,4 x 2400 x 1/2. 3,5 = 504 kg
Berat kuda-kuda
FAISAL (020516019)
= 1/2 . 1577,446
100
= 788,723 kg/m
P2
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
P3
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
= 792 kg
P 3 = 1944 kg/m
P4
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 432 kg
= 144 kg
= 288 kg
Berat kuda-kuda
= 738,723 kg/m
= 1/2 . 1577,446
P 4 = 1602,723 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
101
12.2.4.2 Portal II II
P
P
8
d
d
350
350
200
Balok P 5
P6 = P6P7
= 0,15 x 4 1700
= 1020 kg/m
Beban lantai ( b )
= 1016,4
= 1016,4 kg/m
q = 2324,4 kg/m
Balok P 7 P 8
Berat dinding atas
= 0,15 x 4 1700
= 1020 kg/m
Beban lantai ( d + d )
= 620,8 + 620,8
= 1241,6 kg/m
q = 2549,6 kg/m
b. Beban terpusat
P5
Kolom atas (30/30)
FAISAL (020516019)
= 756 kg
Balok lantai melintang (30/40) = 0,3 x 0,4 x 2400 x 1/2. 3,5 = 504 kg
Berat kuda-kuda
= 1/2 . 1577,446
= 788,723 kg/m
P 5 = 2300,723 kg/m
P6
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
P7
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
= 792 kg
P 7 = 1944 kg/m
P8
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
= 144 kg
= 288 kg
Berat kuda-kuda
= 738,723 kg/m
= 1/2 . 1577,446
P 8 = 1976,723 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
103
10
11
P
12
350
350
200
Balok P 9
P 10 = P 10 P 11
= 0,15 x 4 x 1700
= 1020 kg/m
= 288 kg/m
Beban lantai ( b + b )
= 1016,4 + 1016,4
= 2032,8 kg/m
q = 3340,8 kg/m
Balok P 11 P 12
Berat dinding atas
Beban lantai ( d + d )
= 620,8 + 620,8
= 1241,6 kg/m
q = 1784,6 kg/m
b. Beban terpusat
FAISAL (020516019)
104
P9
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
= 504 kg
= 788,723 kg/m
P 9 = 2300,723 kg/m
P 10
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
P 11
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
P 12
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 756 kg
= 144 kg
= 738,723 kg/m
P 12 = 1976,723 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
105
12.2.4.4 Portal IV IV
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
Balok P 13
P 14
= 853,6
= 853,6 kg/m
= 288 kg/m
q = 1141,6 kg/m
Balok P 14 P 15 = P 15 P 16 = P 1 6 P 17 = P 17 P 1 8 = P 18 P 19 = P 19 P 20
Berat dinding atas
FAISAL (020516019)
Beban lantai ( d + d )
= 1135,5 + 853,6
= 1989,1 kg/m
q = 3297,1 kg/m
b. Beban terpusat
P 13
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 864 kg
P 14 = P 15 = P 16 = P 1 7 = P 18 = P 19
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 864 kg
= 576 kg
= 1152 kg
P 14 = 2592 kg/m
P 20
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 864 kg
= 288 kg
= 576 kg
P 20 = 1728 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
107
12.2.4.5 Portal V V
a. Beban terbagi rata
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
Balok P 22 P 23 = P 23 P 24 = P 24 P 25 = P 25 P 26 = P 26 P 27 = P 26 P 27 = P 27 P 28
Berat dinding atas
Beban lantai ( d + d )
= 1135,5 + 853,6
= 2271 kg/m
q = 3579 kg/m
b. Beban terpusat
FAISAL (020516019)
108
P 21 = P 28
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 864 kg
P 22 = P 23 = P 24 = P 25 = P 26 = P 27
Kolom atas (30/30)
= 864 kg
= 576 kg
= 1152 kg
P 14 = 2592 kg/m
12.2.4.6 Portal VI VI
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
400
400
400
400
400
400
Balok P 29 P 30
Berat dinding atas
Balok P 30 P 31 = P 31 P 32 = P 32 P 33 = P 33 P 34 = P 34 P 35 = P 35 P 36
Berat dinding atas
Balok lantai (30/40)
= 0,15 x 4 x 1700
= 0,3 x 0,4 x 2400
= 1135,5
FAISAL (020516019)
109
= 1020 kg
= 288 kg
= 1135,5 kg
400
P 29 = P 30 = P 31 = P 32 = P 33 = P 34 = P 35 = P 36
Kolom atas (30/30)
Ringbalk memanjang (20/30)
= 864 kg
= 288 kg
= 788,723 kg
P 29 = 2516,723kg/m
BAB XIII
MOMEN PORTAL
13.1
Momen Tangga
Tangga dianggap terletak di atas tumpuan jepit-jepit.
L=
20
= 0,667 = 33,70
30
2,8
= 33,70 m
cos 33,70
W u = W UL x cos
3. 37 m
q s in
q cos
2 .8 m
= 1098,179 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
110
Momen Lapangan.
M L = M - M t1
= 1558,989 1039,326
= 519,663 Kg.m
b.
= 1920 Kg/m
= 0,001 . W u . L X 2 . x x = 45
FAISAL (020516019)
111
M Ly
= 0,001 . W u . L X 2 . x x = 26,5
= 0,001 . (1920) . (2) 2 . (26,5)
= 203,52 Kg.m
= -0,001 . W u . L X 2 . x x = 96,25
M tx
M tix
= 1/2 . M LX
= 1/2 . (345,6)
= 172,8 Kg.m
M tiy
= 1/2 . M Ly
= 1/2 . (203,52)
= 101,76 Kg.m
W u = 1 9 08 k g /m
Ly = 4
112
Tipe I
Lx = 3.5
Ly = 4
Ly
4
=
=1,143
Lx
3,5
W U = 871,2 kg/m2
FAISAL (020516019)
113
M Ly
M tx
M ty
M tix
=1/2 . M LX
b.
Tipe II
= 1/2 . 350,742
= 175,371 kg.m
Lx = 2
Ly = 4
Ly
4
= =2
Lx
2
W U = 931,2 kg/m2
M LX
M Ly
M tx
M tix
=1/2 . M LX
= 1/2 . 338,083
= 169,042 kg.m
=1/2 . M LY
= 1/2 . 92,88
= 46,44
c.
Tipe III
Lx = 2
Ly = 4
FAISAL (020516019)
114
kg.m
M tiy
Ly
4
= =2
Lx
2
W U = 931,2 kg/m2
M LX
M Ly
M tx
M ty
M tix
=1/2 . M LX
= 1/2 . 268,186
= 134,093 kg.m
tiy
=1/2 . M LY
= 1/2 . 70,771
= 35,386
d.
Tipe IV
kg.m
Lx = 2
Ly = 4
Ly
4
= =2
Lx
2
W U = 931,2 kg/m2
M LX
M Ly
FAISAL (020516019)
115
M ty
M tiy
=1/2 . M LY
e.
Tipe V
= 1/2 . 63,322
= 31,661
kg.m
Lx = 3.5
Ly = 4
Ly
4
=
=1,143
Lx
3,5
W U = 871,2 kg/m2
M LX
M Ly
tx
M ty
M tix
=1/2 . M LX
= 1/2 . 404,103
= 202,052 kg.m
M tiy
=1/2 . M LY
= 1/2 . 297,274
= 148,637 kg.m
f.
Tipe VI
FAISAL (020516019)
Lx = 3.5
Ly = 4
116
Ly
4
=
=1,143
Lx
3,5
W U = 871,2 kg/m2
M LX
M Ly
tx
M ty
g.
Tipe VII
Lx = 3.5
Ly = 4
Ly
4
=
=1,143
Lx
3,5
W U = 871,2 kg/m2
FAISAL (020516019)
117
= -635,849 kg.m
M Ly
M tx
M ty
M tix
=1/2 . M LX
= 1/2 . 236,283
350
200
350
4 00
400
= 118,142 kg.m
40 0
400
4 00
400
400
Ringbalk memanjang
2
9
4m
3
10
4m
5
12
13
4m
4m
11
4m
7
14
4m
= 144 kg/m
118
8
15
4m
= 1/2 . 1577,446
= 788,723 kg/m
Wu
= 932,723 kg/m
Momen
a.
Momen tumpuan
M1 = M8 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 932,723 . 42 = 932,723 kg.m
M2 = M7 = 1/10 . Wu . L2 = 1/10 . 932,723 . 42 = 1492,357 kg.m
M3 = M6 = 1/11 . Wu . L2 = 1/11 . 932,723 . 42 = 1356,688 kg.m
M4 = M5 = 1/11 . Wu . L2 = 1/11 . 932,723 . 42 = 1356,688 kg.m
b.
Momen lapangan
M9 = M15 = 1/14 . Wu . L2 = 1/14 . 932,723 . 42 = 1065,969 kg.m
M10 = M14 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 932,723 . 42 = 932,723 kg.m
M11 = M12 = M13 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 932,723 . 42 = 932,723 kg.m
5
3,5 m
6
3,5 m
4
7
2m
= 144 kg/m
Berat kuda-kuda
= 788,723 kg/m
= 1/2 . 1577,446
Wu
Momen
FAISAL (020516019)
119
= 932,723 kg/m
Momen tumpuan
M1 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 932,723 . 3,52 = 714,116 kg.m
M2 = M3 = 1/10 . Wu . L2 = 1/10 . 932,723 . 3,52 = 1142,586 kg.m
M4 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 932,723 . 22 = 233,181 kg.m
b.
Momen lapangan
M5 = 1/14 . Wu . L2 = 1/14 . 932,723 . 3,52 = 816,133 kg.m
M6 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 932,723 . 3,52 = 714,116 kg.m
M7 = 1/14 . Wu . L2 = 1/14 . 932,723 . 1,52 = 149,902 kg.m
Sloof memanjang
2
9
4m
3
10
4m
4
11
4m
12
13
4m
4m
7
14
4m
= 288 kg/m
120
8
15
4m
= 0,15 x 4 x 1700
= 1020 kg/m
Wu
= 1308 kg/m
Momen
a.
Momen tumpuan
M1 = M8 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 1308. 42 = 1308
kg.m
kg.m
Momen lapangan
M9 = M15 = 1/14 . Wu . L2 = 1/14 . 1308 . 42 = 1494,857 kg.m
M10 = M14 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 1308 . 42 = 1308 kg.m
M11 = M12 = M13 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 1308 . 42 = 1308 kg.m
Mdesign tumpuan = 2092,8 kg.m
Mdesign lapangan = 1494,857 kg.m
Bidang geser (Gaya lintang/D) = 1/2 . Wu . L = 1/2 . 1308 . 4
= 2616 kg
13.1.6.2
Ringbalk melintang
1
5
3,5 m
6
3,5 m
4
7
2m
= 288 kg/m
Berat kuda-kuda
= 1020 kg/m
FAISAL (020516019)
= 1308 kg/m
Momen
a.
Momen tumpuan
M1 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 1308 . 3,52 = 1001,438 kg.m
M2 = M3 = 1/10 . Wu . L2 = 1/10 . 1308 . 3,52 = 1602,3 kg.m
M4 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 1308 . 22 = 327 kg.m
b.
Momen lapangan
M5 = 1/14 . Wu . L2 = 1/14 . 1308 . 3,52 = 1144,5 kg.m
M6 = 1/16 . Wu . L2 = 1/16 . 1308 . 3,52 = 1001,438 kg.m
M7 = 1/14 . Wu . L2 = 1/14 . 1308 . 1,52 = 373,714 kg.m
Mdesign tumpuan = 1602,3 kg.m
Mdesign lapangan = 1144,5 kg.m
Bidang geser (Gaya lintang/D) = 1/2 . Wu . L = 1/2 . 1308 . 3,5
= 2289 kg
PA2
q1
FAISAL (020516019)
PA3
q2
PA4
q3
122
q1 = 1180,5 kg/m
q2 = 1180,5 kg/m
q3 = 1801,3 kg/m
K2
300
A1 K1
A2
K2
A2 K1
350
A3
K3
A3 K1
350
A4
A4 K1
200
Angka Kekakuan
Kolom 30/30
Balok 30/40
K1 =
EIb E.(67500 )
=
= 225 Ecm 3
h
300
K2 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 475,14 Ecm 3
L
350
K3 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 800 Ecm 3
L
200
Faktor Distribusi
Titik A1
K1
225 E
=
= 0,329
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 457,14) E
K2
457,14 E
=
= 0,670
A1 A2 =
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 457,14) E
A1 A1 =
Titik A2
K1
225 E
=
= 0,197
K 1 + K 2 + K 2 (225 + 457,14 + 457,14) E
K1
457,14 E
=
= 0,401
Titik A2 A1 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 2 (225 + 457,14 + 457,14) E
K1
457,14 E
=
= 0,401
Titik A2 A3 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 2 (225 + 457,14 + 457,14) E
Titik A2 A2=
FAISAL (020516019)
123
Titik A3
K1
225 E
=
= 0,219
K 1 + K 3 (225 + 800) E
K1
800 E
=
= 0,780
Titik A3 A2 =
K 1 + K 3 (225 + 800) E
Titik A3 A3=
FAISAL (020516019)
124
125
126
DA4 A3 =
A1
q1= 1,1805t/m
- 0,782
PA2= 2,268t
A2
MA1-A2 = -0,78159 tm
MA2-A1 = -0,27741 tm
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA1-PA1) x q1 x2
dMx/dx = 0
-0,277
Mmax
(Ra1-PA1) q1. x. = 0
( RA1 PA1 )
x=
q
(4,719 (2,653))
=
1,1805
= 1,749 m
Momen statis tertentu (M+)
M+ = (RA1 PA1) x .q1.x2
= ( 4,719 2,653).1,749 (1/2 .1,1805.1,7492)
= 1,808 tm (+)
Momen Statis tak tentu (M-)
FAISAL (020516019)
127
y x
0,78159
Momen M- =
y
2,583 1,749
(0,78159 )
=
2,583
= 0,252 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 1,808 0,252
= 1,556 tm (+)
Batang A2 A3
PA2=2,268t
A2
q2= 1,1805t/m
PA3= 1,944t
A3
MA2-A3 = 0,20215 tm
MA3-A2 = 0,17742 tm
0,202
0,177
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA2-PA2) x q1 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra2-PA2) q2. x. = 0
( RA2 PA2 )
x=
q
4,334 2,268)
=
1,1805
= 1,750 m
3,5 m
128
1,139 1,750
0,20215
=
1,139
= 0,108 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 1,808 0,108
= 1,70 tm (+)
Batang A3 A4
PA3=1,944t
PA4= 1,603t
A3
A4
q3= 1,8013t/m
MA3-A4 = 0,37703 tm
MA4-A3 = 0,48858 tm
0,489
0,377
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA3-PA3) x q3 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra3-PA3) q3. x. = 0
FAISAL (020516019)
129
x=
2m
0,871 0,999
0,37703
=
0,871
= 0,055 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 1,900 0,055
= 0,845 tm (+)
FAISAL (020516019)
130
b. Portal II-II
PA5
PA6
q4
PA7
q5
PA8
q1 = 2324,4 kg/m
q2 = 2324,4 kg/m
q3 = 2549,6 kg/m
A6
q6
A5
K2
K2
K1
K3
K1
K1
300
A5
A6
350
A7
350
A8
200
Angka Kekakuan
Kolom 30/30
Balok 30/40
K1 =
EIb E.(67500 )
=
= 225 Ecm 3
h
300
K2 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 475,14 Ecm 3
L
350
K3 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 800 Ecm 3
L
200
FAISAL (020516019)
131
Faktor Distribusi
Titik A5
A5 A5 =
K1
225 E
=
= 0,329
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 457,14) E
A5 A6 =
K2
457,14 E
=
= 0,670
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 457,14) E
Titik A2
Titik A6 A6=
K1
225 E
=
= 0,197
K 1 + K 2 + K 2 (225 + 457,14 + 457,14) E
K1
457,14 E
=
= 0,401
K 1 + K 2 + K 2 (225 + 457,14 + 457,14) E
K1
457,14 E
=
= 0,401
Titik A6 A7 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 2 (225 + 457,14 + 457,14) E
Titik A6 A5 =
Titik A7
K1
225 E
=
= 0,152
K 1 + K 2 + K 3 (225 + 457,14 + 800) E
K1
457,14 E
=
= 0,308
Titik A7 A6 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 3 (225 + 457,14 + 800) E
K1
800 E
=
= 0,539
Titik A7 A8 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 3 (225 + 457,14 + 800) E
Titik A7 A7=
Titik A8
K1
225 E
=
= 0,219
K 1 + K 3 (225 + 800) E
K1
800 E
=
= 0,780
Titik A8 A7 =
K 1 + K 3 (225 + 800) E
Titik A8 A8=
132
133
FAISAL (020516019)
134
A5
q4= 2,3244t/m
PA6= 2,268t
A6
MA5-A6 = -1,5467 tm
MA6-A5 = -0,57647 tm
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA5-PA5) x q4 x2
dMx/dx = 0
-0,567
- 1,547
Mmax
(Ra5-PA5) q4. x. = 0
FAISAL (020516019)
135
x=
3,5m
= 0,484 tm (-)
Mmax = M+ + M= 3,559 - 0,484
= 3,075 tm (+)
Batang A6 A7
PA6=2,268t
A2
q5= 1,1805t/m
FAISAL (020516019)
PA7= 1,944t
A3
MA6-A7 = 0,44548 tm
MA7-A6 = 0,49693 tm
136
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA6-PA6) x q5 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra6-PA6) q5. x. = 0
( RA6 PA6 )
x=
q5
(6,3357 2,268)
=
2,3244
= 1,750 m
3,5 m
1,655 1,750
0,44584
=
1,655
= 0,012 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 3,559 0,012
= 3,547 tm (+)
Batang A7 A8
PA7=1,944 t
FAISAL (020516019)
PA4= 1,977 t
A8
MA7-A8 = 0,84548 tm
MA8-A7 = 0,73165 tm
q6= 2,5496t/m
0,845
0,732
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA7-PA7) x q6 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra7-PA7) q3. x. = 0
( RA7 PA7 )
x=
q6
4,4936 1,944)
=
2,5496
= 1,00 m
2m
1,072 1,00
0,84548
=
1,072
= 0,056 tm (+)
Mmax = M+ + M= 1,275 + 0,056
= 1,331 tm (+)
FAISAL (020516019)
138
PA10
q7
PA11
q8
PA12
q9
A9
K2
K2
K1
K1
q7 = 3340,8 kg/m
q8 = 3340,8 kg/m
q9 = 1784,6 kg/m
A12
K3
K1
300
A9
A10
350
A11
350
A12
200
Angka Kekakuan
Kolom 30/30
Balok 30/40
K1 =
EIb E.(67500 )
=
= 225 Ecm 3
h
300
K2 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 475,14 Ecm 3
L
350
K3 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 800 Ecm 3
L
200
Faktor Distribusi
Titik A9
K1
225 E
=
= 0,329
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 457,14) E
K2
457,14 E
=
= 0,670
A9 A10=
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 457,14) E
A9 A9 =
FAISAL (020516019)
139
Titik A11
K1
225 E
=
= 0,152
K 1 + K 2 + K 3 (225 + 457,14 + 800) E
K1
457,14 E
=
= 0,308
Titik A11 A10 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 3 (225 + 457,14 + 800) E
K1
800 E
=
= 0,539
Titik A11 A12 =
K 1 + K 2 + K 3 (225 + 457,14 + 800) E
Titik A11 A11=
Titik A12
K1
225 E
=
= 0,219
K 1 + K 3 (225 + 800) E
K1
800 E
=
= 0,780
Titik A12 A11 =
K 1 + K 3 (225 + 800) E
Titik A12 A12=
140
141
142
DA12 A11 =
A9
q7= 2,3244t/m
PA10= 2,268t
A10
MA9-A10 = -2,23351 tm
MA6-A5 = -0,88438 tm
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA9-PA9) x q7 x2
dMx/dx = 0
-0,884
- 2,234
Mmax
(Ra9-PA9) q7. x. = 0
FAISAL (020516019)
143
x=
3,5m
= 2,866 tm (+)
A10
q8= 3,3408t/m
PA7= 1,944t
A11
MA10-A11 = 0,72945 tm
MA11-A10 = 0,99118tm
0,991
0,729
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA10-PA10) x q8 x2
FAISAL (020516019)
144
3,5 m
A11
PA12= 1,977 t
A12
MA11-A12 =1,40873 tm
MA12-A11 = 0,62453 tm
q6= 2,5496t/m
FAISAL (020516019)
145
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA11-PA11) x q9 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra11-PA11) q9. x. = 0
( RA11 PA11 )
x=
q9
3,7286 1,944)
=
1,7846
= 1,00 m
2m
= 1,284 tm (+)
d. Portal IV-IV
PA13
PA14
FAISAL (020516019)
PA15
PA16
PA17
146
PA18
PA19
PA20
q11
q12
q13
q14
q15
q16
20
K2
300 K1
13
K2
K1
A14
K2
K1
A15
K2
K1
A16
K2
K1
A17
K1
A18
K2
K2
K1
A19
K1
A20
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
q10 = 1141,6 kg/m
q11 = q12 = q13 = q14 =q15 =q16 = 32917,1 kg/m
Angka Kekakuan
Kolom 30/30
EIk = 1/12 x b x h3 = 1/12(30) x (30)3 = 67500 cm4
EIb = 1/12 x b x h3 = 1/12(30) x (40)3 = 160000 cm4
Balok 30/40
K1 =
EIb E.(67500 )
=
= 225 Ecm 3
h
300
K2 =
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 400 Ecm 3
L
400
Faktor Distribusi
Titik A13 = A20
K1
225 E
=
= 0,36
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 400) E
K2
400 E
=
= 0,64
A13 A14=
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 400) E
A13 A13 =
147
148
RA17 = RA17 +
Reaksi Horizontal
1
'
'
HA13 = ( MA13 A13 + MA13 A13 )
h
1
= ((0,36051) + (0,18023)) = 0,180t
3
1
'
'
HA14 = ( MA14 A14 + MA14 A14 )
h
1
= (0,58085) + (0,29038 ) = 0,2904t
3
1
'
'
HA15 = ( MA15 A15 + MA15 A15 )
h
1
= (0,11763 + 0,058915 ) = 0,059t
3
1
'
'
HA16 = ( MA16 A16 + MA16 A16 )
h
1
= (0,02134 + (0,01067 )) = 0,011t
3
1
'
'
HA17 = ( MA17 A17 + MA17 A17 )
h
1
= ((0,0,2533) + (0,01265)) = 0,013t
3
FAISAL (020516019)
149
Gaya Lintang
1
1
DA13 A14 = ( MA13 A14 MA14 A13 ) + .q10 .L
L
2
1
1
= ((1,35831) (1,16149 )) + x1,1416 x 4
4
2
= 2,234t
1
1
DA14 A13 = ( MA14 A13 MA13 A14 ) + .q10 .L
L
2
1
1
= ((0,88438) (2,23351)) + x3,3408 x 4
4
2
= 6,232t
1
1
DA14 A15 = ( MA14 A15 MA15 A14 ) + .q11 .L
L
2
1
1
= ((0,93025) (0,30839 )) + x3,2971x 4
4
2
= 6,439t
1
1
DA15 A14 = ( MA15 A14 MA14 A15 ) + .q11 .L
L
2
1
1
= ((030839 ) (0,93025)) + x3,2971x 4
4
2
= 6,749t
1
1
DA15 A16 = ( MA15 A16 MA16 A15 ) + .q12 .L
L
2
FAISAL (020516019)
150
DA16
DA16
DA17
DA17
DA18
DA18
DA19
FAISAL (020516019)
151
A13
q10= 1,1416t/m
PA14= 2,592t
A14
MA13-A14 = -1,16149 tm
MA14-A13 = -1,35831 tm
- 1,1649
-1,35831
FAISAL (020516019)
152
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA13-PA13) x q10 x2
dMx/dx = 0
4m
= 0,098 tm (+ )
Mmax = M+ + M= 2,283 + 0,098
= 2,381 tm (+)
A14
A15
q11= 3,2971t/m
MA14-A15 = -0,93025 tm
MA15-A14 = -0,30839tm
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA14-PA14) x q11 x2
-0,3082
FAISAL (020516019)
153
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra14-PA14) q11. x. = 0
( RA14 PA14 )
x=
q11
(9,186 2,592)
=
3,2971
= 1,999 m
4m
3,004 1,999
0,93025
=
3,004
= 0,311 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 6,594 0,311
= 6,283 tm (+)
A15
PA16= 2,592 t
A16
MA15-A16 =0,19085 tm
MA16-A15 = 0,06748 tm
q12= 3,2971t/m
FAISAL (020516019)
154
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA15-PA15) x q12 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra15-PA15) q9. x. = 0
( RA15 PA15 )
x=
q12
9,186 2,592)
=
3,2971
= 1,999 m
4m
= 0,062 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 6,594 0,062
= 6,656 tm (+)
Batang A16 A17
PA16=2,592t
FAISAL (020516019)
PA17= 2,592t
A17
q13= 3,2971t/m
MA16-A17 = -0,0462 tm
MA14-A13 = -0,03549 tm
- 0,0462
-0,03549
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA16-PA16) x q13 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra16-PA16) q13. x. = 0
( RA16 PA16 )
x=
q 13
(9,186 2,592)
=
3,2971
= 1,999 m
4m
= 0,0053 tm (+ )
Mmax = M+ + M= 6,594 0,0053
= 6,589 tm (+)
Batang A17 A18
FAISAL (020516019)
156
PA15= 2,592t
A17
A18
q14= 3,2971t/m
MA17-A18 = -0,93025 tm
MA15-A14 = -0,30839tm
0,11415
0,04565
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA17-PA17) x q14 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra17-PA17) q14. x. = 0
( RA17 PA17 )
x=
q14
(9,186 2,592)
=
3,2971
= 1,999 m
4m
= 0,034 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 6,594 0,034
= 6,560 tm (+)
FAISAL (020516019)
157
A18
PA19= 2,592 t
A19
MA18-A19 = -0,18334 tm
MA19-A18 = -0,5483 tm
q15= 3,2971t/m
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA18-PA18) x q15 x2
dMx/dx = 0
-0,18334
-0,5483
Mmax
(Ra18-PA18) q15. x. = 0
( RA18 PA18 )
x=
q15
9,186 2,592)
=
3,2971
= 1,999 m
4m
FAISAL (020516019)
158
= 0,182 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 6,594 0,182
= 6,776 tm (+)
A19
PA19= 1,728 t
A20
q16= 3,2971t/m
2,70277
0,89423
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA19-PA19) x q16 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra19-PA19) q16. x. = 0
( RA19 PA19 )
x=
q16
9,186 2,592)
=
3,2971
= 1,999 m
4m
159
= 0,904 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 6,594 0,904
= 5,690 tm (+)
e. Portal V-V
PA21
PA22
PA23
PA24
PA25
PA26
PA27
q20
q21
q22
PA28
q16
q17
q18
q20
A13
A20
K2
300 K1
A21
K2
K2
K1
K1
22
400
K1
A24
23
A
400
K2
400
K2
K1
K1
A26
25
A
400
K2
400
K2
K1
A27
400
K1
A28
400
Faktor Distribusi
Titik A21
K1
225 E
=
= 0,36
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 400) E
K2
400 E
=
= 0,64
A22 A23=
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 400) E
A22 A22 =
161
162
1
( MA28 A27 MA27 A28 )
L
1
= 8,886 + (2,93462 0,96973)
4
= 9,377t
RA28 = RA28 +
Reaksi Horizontal
1
'
'
HA21 = ( MA21 A21 + MA21 A21 )
h
1
= ((1,83738) + (918619 )) = 0,919t
3
1
'
'
HA22 = ( MA22 A22 + MA22 A22 )
h
1
= (0,37241 + 0,18619) = 0,189t
3
1
'
'
HA23 = ( MA23 A23 + MA23 A23 )
h
1
= ((0,07622 ) + (0,03803)) = 0,038t
3
1
'
'
HA24 = ( MA24 A24 + MA24 A24 )
h
1
= (0,0189 + 0,009405 ) = 0,009t
3
1
'
'
HA25 = ( MA25 A25 + MA25 A25 )
h
1
= ((0,01872 ) + (0,009405 )) = 0,009t
3
1
'
'
HA26 = ( MA26 A26 + MA26 A26 )
h
1
= (0,07622 + 0,03803) = 0,038t
3
1
'
'
HA27 = ( MA27 A27 + MA27 A27 )
h
1
= ((0,37241) + (18169)) = 0,186t
3
1
'
'
HA28 = ( MA28 A28 + MA28 A28 )
h
FAISAL (020516019)
163
FAISAL (020516019)
164
DA25
DA25
DA26
DA26
DA27
DA27
DA28
FAISAL (020516019)
165
PA22= 2,592t
A21
A22
q= 0 t/m
MA21-A22 = -2,93462tm
MA22-A21 = -0,96973 tm
Mmax
-0,96973
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA21-PA21) x q0 x2
dMx/dx = 0
- 2,93462
(Ra21-PA21) q0. x. = 0
( RA21 PA21 )
x=
q0
(1,728 1,728)
=
0
=0m
4m
Momen M- =
y
3,007 0
(2,93462 )
=
13,007
= 2,935 tm (+ )
Mmax = M+ + MFAISAL (020516019)
166
A22
PA23= 2,592t
A23
q17= 3,579t/m
MA22-A23 = -0,59621 tm
MA23-A22 = -0,19636tm
0,59621
0,19636
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA22-PA22) x q12 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra22-PA22) q17. x. = 0
( RA22 PA22 )
x=
q17
(9,750 2,592)
=
3,579
=2m
4m
167
PA24= 2,592 t
q12= 3,579t/m
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA23-PA23) x q18 x2
dMx/dx = 0
-0,0341
-0,11825
Mmax
(Ra23-PA23) q18. x. = 0
( RA23 PA23 )
x=
q18
9,750 2,592)
=
3,579
x =2m
4m
FAISAL (020516019)
168
PA25= 2,592t
A24
A25
q13= 3,579t/m
MA24-A25 = -0,01628 tm
MA25-A24 = -0,01628 tm
0,01628
-0,01628
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA16-PA16) x q13 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(RA24-PA24) q19. x. = 0
( RA24 PA24 )
x=
q 19
(9,750 2,592)
=
3,579
=2m
4m
FAISAL (020516019)
169
A25
PA26= 2,592t
A26
q20= 3,579t/m
MA25-A26 = 0,03444 tm
MA15-A14 = 0,11825 tm
0,11825
0,03444
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA25-PA25) x q20 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra25-PA25) q20. x. = 0
( RA25 PA25 )
x=
q 20
(9,750 2,592)
=
3,579
=2m
4m
170
A26
PA27= 2,592t
A27
q21= 3,579t/m
MA26-A27 = -0,19636 tm
MA27-A1\26 = -0,59621 tm
-0,19636
-0,59621
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA26-PA26) x q21 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra26-PA26) q21. x. = 0
( RA26 PA26 )
x=
q1
(9,750 2,592)
=
3,579
=2m
4m
171
A27
PA28= 1,728t
A28
q20= 3,579t/m
MA27-A28 = 0,96973 tm
MA15-A14 = 2,93462 tm
2,93462
0,96973
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA27-PA27) x q22 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra27-PA27) q22. x. = 0
( RA257 PA27 )
x=
q 22
(9,750 2,592)
=
3,579
=2m
4m
172
Momen M- =
y
0,902 2
0,96973
=
0,902
= 0,983 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 7,158 0,983
= 6,175 tm (+)
e. Portal VI-VI
PA29
PA30
PA31
PA32
PA33
PA34
PA35
q27
q28
q29
PA36
q23
q24
q25
q26
A29
A36
K2
300 K1
A29
K2
K1
K1
A31
A30
400
K2
400
K2
K1
A32
400
K1
A33
400
K2
173
K2
K1
A34
400
K2
K1
A35
400
K1
A36
400
EIb E.(67500 )
=
= 225 Ecm 3
h
300
EIb E (160000 )
=
= 400 Ecm 3
K2 =
L
400
K1 =
Faktor Distribusi
Titik A29 = A36
K1
225 E
=
= 0,36
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 400) E
K2
400 E
=
= 0,64
A29 A30 =
K 1 + K 2 (225 + 400) E
A29 A29 =
174
176
177
DA32 A31 =
DA32
DA33
DA33
DA34
DA34
DA35
DA35
FAISAL (020516019)
178
PA30= 2,517t
A29
A30
q23= 1,308 t/m
MA29-A30 = -1,19166tm
MA30-A29 = -0,91062 tm
-0,91062
- 1,19166
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA29-PA29) x q23 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra29 - PA29) q0. x. = 0
( RA29 PA29 )
x=
q 23
(5,133 2,517 )
=
1,308
=2m
4m
179
y x
Momen M- =
y
2,267 2
(1,16166 )
=
2,267
= 0,140 tm (-)
Mmax = M+ + M= 2,616 0,140
= 2,476 tm (+)
PA31= 2,517t
A30
A31
q24= 2,4435t/m
MA30-A31 = -0,36485 tm
MA23-A22 = -0,09934tm
-0,09934
-0,36485
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA30-PA30) x q24 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra30-PA30) q24. x. = 0
FAISAL (020516019)
180
x=
4m
PA32= 2,517 t
181
A32
MA31-A32 = 0,03536 tm
MA32-A31 = 0,09439 tm
q25= 2,4435t/m
0,03536
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA31-PA31) x q25 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
-0,09439
(Ra31-PA31) q25. x. = 0
( RA31 PA31 )
x=
q 25
(7,404 2,517)
=
2,4435
x =2m
4m
1,090 2
0,03536
=
1,090
= 0,029 tm (- )
Mmax = M+ + M= 4,887 0,029
= 4,858 tm (+)
Batang A32 A33
FAISAL (020516019)
182
PA33= 2,517t
A32
A33
q26= 2,4435t/m
MA32-A33 = -0,14358 tm
MA33-A32 = -0,06288 tm
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA32-PA32) x q26 x2
dMx/dx = 0
-0,06288
-0,14358
Mmax
(RA32-PA32) q26. x. = 0
( RA32 PA32 )
x=
q 26
(7,404 2,517 )
=
2,4435
=2m
4m
FAISAL (020516019)
183
A33
PA34= 2,517t
A34
q20= 3,579t/m
MA33-A34 = 0,05576 tm
MA34-A33 = 0,09274 tm
0,09274
0,05576
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA33-PA33) x q27 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra33-PA33) q27. x. = 0
( RA33 PA33 )
x=
q 27
(7,404 2,517 )
=
2,4435
=2m
4m
184
PA35= 2,517t
A34
A35
q28= 2,4435t/m
MA34-A35 = -0,14029 tm
MA35-A34 = -0,40913 tm
-0,14029
-0,40913
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA34-PA34) x q28 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra34-PA34) q28. x. = 0
( RA34 PA34 )
x=
q 28
(7,404 2,517 )
=
2,4435
=2m
4m
1,021 2
( 0,14029 )
=
1,021
= 0,135 tm (- )
FAISAL (020516019)
185
PA36= 2,517t
A35
A36
q29= 2,4435t/m
MA35-A36 = 0,66387 tm
MA36-A35 = 2,00378 tm
2,00378
0,66387
Mmaks pada D = 0
Mx = (RA35-PA35) x q39 x2
dMx/dx = 0
Mmax
(Ra35-PA35) q29. x. = 0
( RA35 PA35 )
x=
q 29
(7,404 2,517 )
=
2,4435
=2m
4m
Momen M- =
y
0,995 2
0,66387
=
0,995
FAISAL (020516019)
186
13.3
13.3.1 Portal I I
Pondasi 1
-
= 1922 kg
= 864 kg
= 1080 kg
= 2868,75 kg
6734,75 kg
Pondasi 2
-
= 4282 kg
= 864 kg
= 1008 kg
= 2677,5 kg
8831,5 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
187
Pondasi 3
-
= 3804 kg
= 864 kg
= 792 kg
= 1338,75 kg
6798,75 kg
Pondasi 4
-
= 1856,3 kg
= 864 kg
= 864 kg
= 0
kg
3584,3 kg
13.3.2 Portal II II
Pondasi 5
-
= 3790,5 kg
= 864 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
188
= 656 kg
= 4398,75 kg
10709,05 kg
Pondasi 6
-
= 8398 kg
= 864 kg
= 1008 kg
= 2677,5 kg
12947,5 kg
Pondasi 7
-
= 6689 kg
= 864 kg
= 1081 kg
= 286,875 kg
8919,875 kg
Pondasi 8
-
FAISAL (020516019)
189
= 2493 kg
= 864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 0
kg
4509 kg
13.3.3 Portal III III
Pondasi 9
-
= 5461,3 kg
= 864 kg
= 1656 kg
= 4398,75 kg
12380,05 kg
Pondasi 10
-
= 12004 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
190
= 1008 kg
864 kg
= 2677,5 kg
16553,5 kg
Pondasi 11
-
= 8098 kg
= 864 kg
= 1656 kg
= 4398,75 kg
15016,75 kg
Pondasi 12
-
= 1392 kg
= 864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 0
kg
3408 kg
13.3.4 Portal IV IV
Pondasi 15
-
FAISAL (020516019)
= 9063 kg
191
= 864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 3060 kg
14139 kg
Pondasi 17
-
= 8863 kg
864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 3060 kg
13939 kg
Pondasi 18
-
= 8985 kg
= 864 kg
= 1656 kg
= 4398,75 kg
15903,75 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
192
Pondasi 19
-
= 8334 kg
= 864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 3060 kg
13410 kg
Pondasi 20
-
= 2735 kg
= 864 kg
= 1368 kg
= 2868,75 kg
7835,75 kg
13.3.5 Portal V V
Pondasi 26
-
= 14395 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
193
= 864 kg
= 1008 kg
= 2677,5 kg
18944,5 kg
Pondasi 28
-
= 7649 kg
864 kg
= 1008 kg
= 2677,5 kg
12198,5 kg
13.3.6 Portal VI VI
Pondasi 31
-
= 7602 kg
= 864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 3060 kg
12678 kg
Pondasi 33
FAISAL (020516019)
194
= 7514 kg
864 kg
= 1152 kg
= 3060 kg
12590 kg
Pondasi 34
-
= 7579 kg
= 864 kg
= 1656 kg
= 4398,75 kg
14497,75 kg
Pondasi 35
-
= 7101 kg
= 864 kg
= 1152 kg
FAISAL (020516019)
195
= 3060 kg
12177 kg
Pondasi 36
-
= 2951 kg
= 864 kg
= 1080 kg
= 2868,75 kg
7763,75 kg
tan ah
efektif
tan ah
efektif
FAISAL (020516019)
196
tan ah.efektif
18,9445
= 1,72
11
c' = 55cm
30
Mb
a' = 30 cm
b' = 30 cm
c' = 55 cm
140
140
Ma
= 18944,5 kg
= 1646,4 kg
356,4 kg
197
Wu
20,9473
=
= 10,687t / m 2 = 1,069 kg/cm 2 < 1,4 kg/cm 2 ..( Aman )
BxL 1,4 x1,4
Direncanakan:
Tebal pondasi (h) = 350 mm
Selimut beton ( ) = 70 mm
Diameter tulangan = 20 mm untuk masing-masing arah.
Maka, tinggi efektif (d) = 350 70 20 = 260 mm
B = lebar kolom + 2 ( .d ) = 30 + 26 = 56 cm
Gaya geser total yang bekerja pada penampang kritis adalah:
V a = ytb ( B 2 - B 2 ) = 10,687 .( 1,4 2 - 0,56 2 ) = 17,595 t = 17595 kg
2 1
.
Vc = 1 +
c 6
1
3
f ' c .bo .d
198
FAISAL (020516019)
199
14.1Ketentuan Umum
Mutu bahan-bahan yang dipakai dalam perencanaan ini adalah:
- Mutu baja (fy)
300 MPa
3000
kg/cm2
28 MPa
280
kg/cm2
=xbxd
Kontrol tegangan
fyytb =
Mn
( M / 0,8)
=
As (d a / 2) As (d a / 2)
fcytb =
Mn
( M / 0,8)
=
0,85 a b (d a / 2)
0,85 a b (d a / 2)
c = 0,85 . a . b . f c
T = As . f y
-
Menghitung Eksentrisitas
FAISAL (020516019)
200
= Mu / Pu
Atot = Agr
-
Menghitung geser
As
FAISAL (020516019)
201
14.2Pendimensian Tangga
a. Plat tangga
Tangga atas = tangga bawah
Direncanakan plat tangga:
Tebal plat tangga (h) = 20 cm
Lebar plat tangga (b) = 100 cm
Diperkirakan diameter tulangan utama = 12 mm
Tebal penutup beton = 20 mm
Tinggi efektif beton = h p = 200 20 (12) = 174 mm
Mu
5,19 x10 6
=
= 0,214
0,8.b.d 2 0,8.(1000).(174) 2
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
=
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
0,25.b.h
100
0,25.1000.200
100
= 500 mm2
Digunakan tulangan = 12-200 = 565,5 mm2
FAISAL (020516019)
202
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
=
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
FAISAL (020516019)
203
Mu/0,8.bd2
MLx
(kNm)
3,456
(kN/m2)
0,140
MLy
2,035
Mt x
Mtix
Mtiy
c.
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
1438,4
12 80
0,083
0,0058
1299,2
12 80
7,374
0,299
0,0058
1438,4
12 80
1,728
0,070
0,0058
1438,4
12 80
1,018
0,041
0,0058
1299,2
12 80
Balok bordes
Direncanakan :
Ukuran balok = 30/40 cm
Selimut beton = 40 mm
Diameter tulangan utama diperkirakan () = 16 mm
Diameter sengkang diperkirakan () = 8 mm
Tinggi efektif :
d
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
=
FAISAL (020516019)
204
Tulangan pembagi
As
0,25.b.h
100
0,25.1000.200
100
= 500 mm2
Digunakan tulangan = 12-200 = 565,5 mm2
Cek jarak tulangan:
b = 2 (selimut beton) + 2( sengkang) + 4( tul. Utama) + 2(X)
300 = 2(40) + 2(8) + 4(16) + 3(X)
X = 47 mm > 25 mm.............................................................(memenuhi)
Tulangan tekan:
As = 0,5 . As = 0,5 . 598,56 = 299,28 mm 2
Digunakan = 2 16 = 401,92 mm2
FAISAL (020516019)
205
14.3Pendimensian Lantai
Direncanakan :
Ukuran plat lantai
Tebal ( h ) = 15 cm
Lebar ( b ) = 1 m (dihitung per meter panjang)
Selimut beton ( ) = 20 mm
tulangan utama = 10 mm
Tinggi efektif ( d ) :
d x = h = 150 20 (10) = 125 mm = 0,125 m
d y = h = 150 20 10 (10) = 115 mm = 0,115 m
tulangan yang diambil disesuaikan dengan syarat sesuai T 15 1991 03.
Penulangan plat lantai dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:
Tipe I
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
3,5074
(kN/m)
0,281
Ly
2,9119
tx
ty
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
725,00
12 150
0,275
0,0058
667,00
12 150
7,1389
0,571
0,0058
725,00
12 150
7,0901
0,670
0,0058
667,00
12 150
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
3,3808
(kN/m)
0,270
Ly
0,9288
0,088
Tipe II
M
FAISAL (020516019)
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
725,00
12 150
0,0058
667,00
12 150
206
1,6900
0,135
0,0058
725,00
12 150
ty
4,2463
0,401
0,0058
667,00
12 150
Tipe III
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
2,6819
(kN/m)
0,215
Ly
0,7077
tx
ty
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
725,00
12 150
0,069
0,0058
667,00
12 150
4,3580
0,349
0,0058
725,00
12 150
2,8309
0,268
0,0058
667,00
12 150
Tipe IV
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
2,6074
(kN/m)
2,086
Ly
0,6332
tx
ty
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
725,00
12 150
0,598
0,0058
667,00
12 150
4,2463
3,397
0,0058
725,00
12 150
2,8309
2,676
0,0058
667,00
12 150
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
4,0410
(kN/m)
3,233
Ly
2,9727
tx
ty
Tipe V
M
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
725,00
12 150
2,809
0,0058
667,00
12 150
8,4779
6,782
0,0058
725,00
12 150
7,7149
7,292
0,0058
667,00
12 150
FAISAL (020516019)
207
Tipe VI
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
3,3548
(kN/m)
2,684
Ly
2,4391
tx
ty
As
Tulangan
0,0058
(mm2)
725,00
12 150
2,305
0,0058
667,00
12 150
6,3585
5,087
0,0058
725,00
12 150
5,6717
5,361
0,0058
667,00
12 150
Mu
Mu/bd2
Lx
(kNm)
3,6749
(kN/m)
2,939
Ly
2,3628
tx
ty
Tipe VII
M
As
0,0058
12 150
2,233
0,0058
667,00
12 150
7,1664
5,733
0,0058
725,00
12 150
5,8393
5,519
0,0058
667,00
12 150
Tulangan
(mm2)
725,00
FAISAL (020516019)
208
= 344 mm
= 0,0113
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
min < < max ; maka digunakan = 0,0113
Mu
29,35 x10 6
=
= 1,033
0,8.b.d 2 0,8.(300).(344) 2
FAISAL (020516019)
209
=
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
Perhitungan geser
Vc , dimana kemampuan beton tanpa penulangan geser untuk menahan gaya geser
Vc =
1
6
f ' c .b.a =
1
28.(300).(344) x10 3 = 91,014 kN
6
Vu = 8,174 t = 81,74 kN
Vu > Vc diperlukan tulangan geser (sengkang)
81,74 > . (0,6) . (91,014)
81,74 > 27,304 kN, maka digunakan sengkang
Gaya geserv yang dapat ditahan oleh sengkang ( Vs )
FAISAL (020516019)
210
perlu
=
=
Vu
Vc
81,74
91,014 = 45,219 kN
0,6
Kontrol Vs :
Vs =1 / 3 f ' c .b.d = 1 / 3. 28 .(300).(344).10 3 = 182,028 kN
Karena Vs
perlu
Maka:
S=
d 344
=
= 172 mm, maka digunakan 150 mm
2
2
Av =
S .Vs
150.(45,219)
=
= 65,725 mm 2
f y .d 300.(344 x10 3 )
= 344 mm
211
=
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
Mu
1,82 x10 6
=
= 6,408x10 3
0,8.b.d 2 0,8.(300).(344) 2
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
=
FAISAL (020516019)
212
Perhitungan geser
Vc , dimana kemampuan beton tanpa penulangan geser untuk menahan gaya geser
Vc =
1
6
f ' c .b.a =
1
28.(300).(344) x10 3 = 91,014 kN
6
Vu = 8,174 t = 81,74 kN
Vu > Vc diperlukan tulangan geser (sengkang)
81,74 > . (0,6) . (91,014)
81,74 > 27,304 kN, maka digunakan sengkang
Gaya geserv yang dapat ditahan oleh sengkang ( Vs )
Vs
perlu
=
=
Vu
Vc
62,32
91,014 = 12,853 kN
0,6
FAISAL (020516019)
213
perlu
Maka:
S=
d 344
=
= 172 mm, maka digunakan 150 mm
2
2
Av =
S .Vs
150.(12,853)
=
= 18,682 mm 2
f y .d 300.(344 x10 3 )
= 244 mm
214
Mu
14,92357 x10 6
=
= 1,567
0,8.b.d 2 0,8.(200).( 244) 2
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
= 0,0068
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
min < < max ; maka digunakan = 0,0068
215
Perhitungan geser
Vc , dimana kemampuan beton tanpa penulangan geser untuk menahan gaya geser
Vc =
1
6
f ' c .b.a =
1
28.(200).( 244) x10 3 = 43,038 kN
6
Vu = 865,446 kg = 8,65446 kN
Vu > Vc diperlukan tulangan geser (sengkang)
8,654 > . (0,6) . (43,038)
8,654 < 12,911 kN, maka digunakan sengkang
Karena Vu < Vc , maka tidak diperlukan tulangan geser (sengkang)
14.5.2 Ringbalk Melintang
Momen pada ringbalk melintang < momen pada ringbalk memanjang, maka dimensi
ringbalk memanjang yaitu 20/30
14.6Pendimensian Sloof
14.6.1 Sloof Memanjang
Direncanakan :
FAISAL (020516019)
216
= 342 mm
Mu
14,94857 x10 6
=
= 0,533
0,8.b.d 2 0,8.(300).(342) 2
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
=
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
FAISAL (020516019)
217
Mu
20,928 x10 6
=
= 0,746
0,8.b.d 2 0,8.(300).(342) 2
dari tabel diperoleh A-10 struktur beton bertulang (Istimawan) diperoleh nilai:
min = 0,0058
max = 0,0403
Perhitungan geser
FAISAL (020516019)
218
1
6
f ' c .b.a =
1
28.(300).(342) x10 3 = 90,485 kN
6
Vu = 2616 kg = 26,16 kN
Vu > Vc diperlukan tulangan geser (sengkang)
26,16 > . (0,6) . (90,485)
26,16 < 27,146 kN, maka digunakan sengkang
Karena Vu < Vc , maka tidak diperlukan tulangan geser (sengkang)
219
Mu
62890
=
= 0,308 = 308mm
Pu
204520
e 308
=
= 1,027
h 300
e
Pu
220
Tulangan geser yang digunakan adalah 10 dengan jarak sengkang ditentukan dari
nilai terkecil dari:
- 16 x tulangan pokok = 16 x 16 = 256 mm
- 48 x sengkang = 48 x 10 = 480 mm
- Dimensi terkecil kolom = 300 mm
Cek jarak tulangan:
b = 2(selimut beton) + 2( sengkang) + 3( tul.utama) + 2(X)
300 = 2(40) + 2(10) + 3(16) + 2(X)
X = 76 mm < 25 mm.............................................................(memenuhi)
14.8Pendimensian Pondasi
30
140
Direncakan:
Ukuran pondasi = ( 140 x 140 ) cm
FAISAL (020516019)
221
c' = 55 cm
gs
maks
T egr
min
17595
32337 ,25
+
= 0,8982 kg / cm 2 arah a
140 x140 1 6 x140 x140 3
Momen pondasi
M u = W u . C . ( C ) . ( b )
= ( 0,8982 ) . ( 55 ) . ( .55 ) . ( 140 )
= 190193,85 kg.cm = 1901,939 kg m
Mu
19,0194 .10 6
=
= 0,2512
.b.d 2 0,8.(1400).( 260) 2
FAISAL (020516019)
222