Bi 1

XC NH TH BIN THIN NG P, ENTANPI, ENTROPI CA PHN NG

HA TAN BORAC TRONG NC
I. Mc ch:
Nhm xc nh tan S ca mui t tan l borac cc nhit khc nhau, t

xc nh tch s tan ph thuc nhit , sau bng phng php th tnh H0, G0,
S0.

II. C s l thuyt:
iu kin xc nh v nhit v p sut, mt dung mi c kh nng ha tan mt
lng xc nh cht tan. Dung dch c gi l bo ha khi m cht tan nm cn bng vi

dung dch. Nng ca cht tan trong dung dch bo ha c gi l tan. tan ca mt
cht ph thuc vo nhit , bn cht ca dung mi v cht tan.
Mui natri borac Na2B4O7.10H2O ha tan trong nc l mt base trung bnh:
B4O72- + 7 H2O

4H3BO3

2 OH-

Bng phng php chun mt th tch bit ca dung dch borac vi dung dch
acid HCl chun, chng ta tnh c nng ca B4O72- . Phn ng xy ra theo phng trnh:
H+ + OH-

H2O

B4O72-+ 2H+ +5H2O

4H3BO3

i vi dung dch bo ha borac c cn bng:

2Na+ + B4O72-

Na2B4O7 (r)

Gi S l nng ca ion tetraborac tm c trong qu trnh chun vi acid cng chnh l

tan ca borac th [Na+] = 2S. Khi Ksp= (2S)2 . S = 4S3 .
III. Kt qu th nghim:
Theo nh lut ng lng: CBVB = CAVA. Suy ra CB =

C AV A
0,25 .V A
=
lg/ l
VB
4

Khi : [B4O72- ] = S =

CB
0,25 .V A
=
mol / l vi VA l th tch dung dch HCl c c t
2
8

burret.
Bng s liu nh sau:

tC
55
50
45
40
35
30

tK

1/T

VHCl

328
323
318
313
308
303

3,049.10-3
3,096.10-3
3,145.10-3
3,195.10-3
3,247.10-3
3,300.10-3

23,4
21,3
19
15,3
12,2
8,7

[B4O72-] =

[Na+] =

Ksp =

S (mol/l)
0,731
0,665
0.593
0,478
0,381
0,271

2S (mol/l)
1,462
1,330
1,186
0,956
0,762
0,542

4S3
4,274
3,537
2,813
1,827
1,161
0,587

th biu din s ph thuc ca lnKsp theo 1/T

2.000

1.500
y = -7817.6x + 25.459
R2 = 0.9603

lnKsp

1.000

0.500

0.000
0.003

0.00305

0.0031

0.00315

0.0032

0.00325

0.0033

0.00335

-0.500

-1.000
1/T

T th suy ra tg = -7817,6.
M tg =
S 0=

0
nn H0 = - ( tg x R) = - [(-7817,6) x1,987] = 15533,5712
R

0 + RT ln K sp
T

15533 ,5712 + 1,987 ( 273 + 55 ).1,452

= 50 ,2436
( 273 + 55 )

lnKsp
1,452
1,263
1,034
0,602
0,149
-0,530

Do : G0 = H0 - T S0 =15533,5712 (273+25)x 50,2436 =

560,9784

Bi 2
XC NH PHN T LNG BNG PHNG PHP NGHIM LNH
I. Mc ch:
Xc nh khi lng phn t ca cht hu c da vo phng php nghim lnh.
II. C s l thuyt:
xc nh khi lng phn t ta da vo biu thc sau:
2

g K dd
M = 1000
G Tdd

RT0 M 0
=
( 1 ) vi Kdd H dd 1000

Kdd gi l hng s nghim lnh ch ph thuc vo bn cht ca dung mi, vi dung mi l

nc th Kdd = 1,86. Kdd l h s t l gia gim nhit kt tinh v nng dung dch.
i t (1 ) ta i n phng trnh sau: Tdd = Kdd.m
Vi m =1000

(2 ).

g
l nng molan, tnh theo s mol cht tan trong 1000g dung mi. Vi
G.M

dung dch long ca cht in ly th phng trnh ( 2 ) c dng:

Tdd = iKdd.m

Vi I l h s ng trng Vant hoff

III. Kt qu th nghim:
1. Nc ct: t = -0,5 0C
t(s)
t0C

30
0,5

60
-0,4

90
-1,2

120
-0,5

150
-0,5

180
-0,5

th

210
-0,5

240
-0,5

270
-0,5

300
-0,5

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

nhit

-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
thi gian

2. Dung dch ng C12H22O11: t = -0,70C

30
0,5

60
0,4

90
-0,3

120
-1,5

150
-2,9

180
-3,2

210
-0,7

240
-0,7

270
-0,7

300
-0,7

th

1
0.5
0
-0.5
Nhit

t(s)
t0C

100

200

-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5
Thi gian

3. Dung dch cht X: t = -0,90C

300

400

30
0,5

60
0,2

90
-0,3

120
-2,5

150
-2,9

180
-0,9

210
-0,9

240
-0,9

270
-0,9

th
1
0.5
0
0

100

200

300

400

-0.5
Nhit

t(s)
t0C

-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5
Thi gian

4. Xc nh cng thc phn t:

a. ng:
M = 1000

g K
2
1,86
= 1000
= 372 vC
G Tdd
50 [ 0,5 ( 0,7 ) ]

M = 1000

g K
2
1,86
= 1000
= 186 vC
G Tdd
50 [ 0,5 ( 0,9) ]

b. Cht X:

300
-0,9

Bi 3
XC NH BC PHN NG
I. Mc ch:
Nhm xc nh bc ring v bc chung ca phn ng:
Fe3+

+ I-

Fe2+

+ 1/2 I2

II. C s l thuyt:
Gi s vn tc u ca phn ng c xc nh bng phng trnh vi phn:

d C
n
n
= K ( C0 ) F 3e+ 1 .( C0 ) I 2
d t t = 0

(1)

Ly logarit phng trnh trn ta c:

d C
n
n
l g = l gK + l g( C0 ) F 3e+ 1 + l g( C0 ) I 2
d t t = 0

(2)

Chui th nghim th nht ca phng trnh (2) vi nng Fe3+ thay i trong khi
nng I- c nh.
dC
lg
= A + n1 lg ( C 0 ) Fe 3+

dt t =0

V th lg dt = lg ( C 0 ) Fe

t =0
dC

3+

vi gc nghing .

Khi tg = n1.
Tng t ta c tg = n2 . Suy ra n = n1 + n2 vi n l bc tng qut.
Vn tc ban u:
1
1
= +
Cx
t

Ta c cng thc: V Na2S2O3 .N Na2S2O3 = Cx.Vhh

III. Kt qu th nghim:
1. Chui 1: Nng Fe3+ thay i, nng I- khng i:
p dng cng thc V Na2S2O3 .CN Na2S2O3 = Cx.Vhh
Vi Vhh = 100ml, CN = 0.01 v V Na2S2O3 c cho theo bng sau:
7

Ln
V

1
2

2
4

3
6

4
8

5
10

6
12

7
14

8
16

Ta c kt qu sau:
Bnh 1

Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
t
43
104
178
275
307
423
538
598
1/t 0.023256 0.009615 0.005618 0.003636 0.003257 0.002364 0.001859 0.001672
Cx
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008
0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
1/Cx
5000
2500 1666.667
1250
1000 833.3333 714.2857
625
th
6000

y = 200951x + 410.62
2
R = 0.9943

5000
1/Cx

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0

0.01

0.02

0.03

1/t

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 2009521 do 1/ = 1/200951.

Vy

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.303
dt

200951

Bnh 2
Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
t
57
119
196
275
342
448
563
639
Cx
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008
0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
1/t 0.0175440.0084030.0051020.0036360.0029240.0022320.0017760.001565
1/Cx
5000
25001666.667
1250
1000833.3333714.2857
625

6000
y = 272238x + 229.16
R2 = 0.9997

5000

1/Cx

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0

0.005

0.01
1/t

0.015

0.02

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 272238 do 1/ = 1/272238.

Vy

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.435
dt

272238

Bnh 3
Ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
t
69
139
267
364
439
505
603
714
Cx
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008
0.001 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
1/t 0.0144930.0071940.0037450.0027470.002278 0.001980.0016580.001401
1/Cx
5000
25001666.667
1250
1000833.3333714.2857
625
th
6000
y = 327984x + 243.37
R2 = 0.9951

5000

1/Cx

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0

0.005

0.01
1/t

0.015

0.02

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 327984 do 1/ = 1/327984.

d C
l g = l g
d t

Vy

1 1
= l g
=5.516

3 2 7 9 8 4

Bnh 4
Ln
1
2
3
t
72
146
273
Cx
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006
1/t 0.0138890.006849 0.003663
1/Cx
5000
2500 1666.667

5
375
454
0.0008
0.001
0.002667 0.002203
1250
1000

7
8
536
638 746
0.0012 0.0014 0.0016
0.001866 0.001567 0.00134
833.3333 714.2857 625

th
6000
y = 342757x + 240.06
R2 = 0.9962

5000

1/Cx

4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0

0.005

0.01

0.015

1/t

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 342757 do 1/ = 1/342757.

Vy

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.535
dt
342757

Mt khc ta tnh c nng u C0 ca Fe3+ trong 4 bnh bng cch p dng cng thc :
CV=C0V0
vI

C = 1/60 M; V0 = th tch hn hp = 100ml v V l th tch dd Fe3+ c cho ln lt

trong cc bnh nh sau:

Bnh

10

V ml

C0

10

20

0.001667 0.003333

Xy dng th lg dt lg ( C 0 ) Fe

t =0
dC

lg(C0 )

-2.778

dC
lg

dt t =0

5.303

3+

30

40

0.005

0.006667

theo bng s liu sau:

-2.477

-2.301

5.435

-2.176

5.516

5.535

th

5.6

y = 0.4008x + 6.4223
R2 = 0.9836

5.55

lg(-dC/dt)

5.5
5.45
5.4
5.35
5.3
5.25
-3

-2.8

-2.6

-2.4

-2.2

-2

lgC

Vy n1 = tg = 0.4008
2. Chui 1: Nng I- thay i, nng I- Fe3+ khng i:
Ta tnh c nng u C0 ca I-- trong 4 bnh bng cch p dng cng thc :
CV=C0V0
vI

C = 1/40 M; V0 = th tch hn hp = 100ml v V l th tch dd I- c cho ln lt

trong cc bnh nh sau:

Bnh
Vml
C0
lgC0

1
10
0.0025
-2.602

2
20
0.005
-2.301

3
30
0.0075
-2.125

4
40
0.01
-2

11

p dng cng thc V Na2S2O3 .CN Na2S2O3 = Cx.Vhh

Vi Vhh = 100ml, CN = 0.01, Cx l nng I- ti thi im t v V Na2S2O3 c cho theo
bng sau:
Ln
V

1
1

2
2

3
3

4
4

5
5

6
6

7
7

8
8

Bnh1
Ln

t
Cx
1/t
1/Cx

82

174

259

376

434

581

678

753

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

0.0004

0.0005

0.0006

0.0007

0.0008

0.012195

0.005747

0.003861

0.00266

0.002304

0.001721

0.001475 0.001328

10000

5000

3333.333

2500

2000

1666.667

1428.571

1250

th

12000
y = 803247x + 255.51
R2 = 0.9992

10000

1/Cx

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

1/t

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 803247 do 1/ = 1/803247.

Vy

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.905
dt
8032477

Bnh 2:
Ln
t
Cx
1/t
1/Cx

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
85
187
293
392
441
596
683
781
0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008
0.0117650.0053480.0034130.0025510.0022680.0016780.0014640.00128
10000
5000 3333.333 2500
2000 1666.6671428.571 1250

12

 th
12000
y = 836208x + 285.97
R2 = 0.9972

10000

1/cx

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

1/t

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 836208 do 1/ = 1/836208

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.922
dt
200951

Vy
Bnh 3:
Ln
t
Cx
1/t
1/Cx

89
198
295
399
461
613
704
797
0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008
0.0112360.005051 0.003390.0025060.0021690.001631 0.001420.001255
10000
50003333.333
2500
20001666.6671428.571
1250

th

13

12000
y = 879823x + 245.55
R2 = 0.9973

10000

1/cx

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

1/t

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 879823 do 1/ = 1/879823

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.944

879823
dt

Vy
Bnh 4:
Ln
t
Cx
1/t
1/Cx

2
93

3
204

4
298

5
411

6
478

7
623

8
744

0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007 0.0008
0.010753 0.004902 0.003356 0.002433 0.002092 0.001605 0.001344 0.001248
10000
5000 3333.333
2500
2000 1666.667 1428.571
1250

th
12000
y = 921405x + 203.14
R 2 = 0.998

10000

1/cx

8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

1/t

T th ta suy ra h s gc = 921405 do 1/ = 1/921405

Vy

801

1
1
dC

lg
= lg = lg
=5.964
dt
921405

14

0.012

Xy dng th lg dt lg ( C 0 ) I theo bng s liu sau:

t =0
dC

lgC0

-2.602 -2.301 -2.125

lg(-dC/dt)

5.905

5.922

5.944

-2
5.964

th
5.97
y = 0.0957x + 6.1497
R2 = 0.9432

5.96
5.95

lg(-dC/dt)

5.94
5.93
5.92
5.91
5.9
-2.7

-2.5

-2.3

-2.1
lgC

Vy n2 = tg = 0.0957

15

-1.9

-1.7

5.89
-1.5

Bi 4
KHO ST TC THY PHN ESTER
XC NH NNG LNG HOT HA CA PHN NG
I. Mc ch:
Nhm kho st tc phn ng thy phn ester nhiu nhit t xc nh nng
lng hot ha ca phn ng.
II. C s l thuyt:
Xc nh nng lng hot ha Ea bng phng trnh:
lg k =

Ea
+ lg k
2,303 RT

Khi bit c Ea ta c th tnh k2 nhit T2 nu bit c k1 nhit T1.

lg

Ea 1
k2
1

=
k1
2,303 R T1 T2

Trong bi, s thy phn ester c chn l acetate etyl hay RCOOR
RCOOR + H2O

RCOOH + ROH

y l phn ng bc 1 nn:
lg ( a x ) =
lg (V Vt ) =

k1 t
+ lg a (*)
2,303

k1 t
+ lg (V V0 ) (**)
2,303

III. Kt qu th nhim:
1. 300C:

t,pht

Vt,ml

V-Vt
16

lg(V-Vt)

1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71

15.9
17
17.9
18.4
18.8
19.3
20.7
21.5

51.2
50.1
49.2
48.7
48.3
47.8
46.4
45.6

67.1

1.709
1.699
1.692
1.687
1.684
1.679
1.666
1.658

V ng biu din lg(V-Vt) theo t:

1.72
1.71
1.7

lg

1.69
1.68
1.67
y = -0.0007x + 1.7084
R2 = 0.9722

1.66
1.65
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Ta c: VT1 = 15.9
VT2 = (5000.d)/M =( 5000 x 0.901)/88 = 51.2
Vy

V = VT1 + VT2 = 67.1 ( ml )

Theo phng trnh (**) v t th trn ta suy ra - k1/2.303=-0.0007v lgk*=1.7084

Vy k1 = 1.6121.10-3 v k* =51
2. 400C:
t,pht
1
11
21
31
41
51
61

Vt,ml
16.6
17.4
18.7
20.2
21.7
23.3
24.6

V
67.8

V-Vt
51.2
50.4
49.1
47.6
46.1
44.5
43.2
17

lg(V-Vt)
1.709
1.702
1.691
1.677
1.663
1.648
1.635

71

25.2

42.6

1.629

V ng biu din lg(V-Vt) theo t:

1.72
1.71

y = -0.0012x + 1.7137
R2 = 0.9913

1.7
1.69
lg

1.68
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
0

20

40
t

60

80

Ta c: VT1 = 16.6
VT2 = (5000.d)/M =( 5000 x 0.901)/88 = 51.2
Vy

V = VT1 + VT2 = 67.8 ( ml )

Theo phng trnh (**) v t th trn ta suy ra k2/2.303=-0.0012 v lgk*=1.7137

Vy k2 = 2.7636.10-3 v k* =51
Tnh Ea theo phng trnh lg

Ea 1
k2
1

=
k1
2,303 R T1 T2

vi T1 =273+30 v T2 =273+ 40 ; R = 8.314 ta c Ea = 42507.07

18

Bi 5
XC TC NG TH - PHN NG PHN HY H2O2
I.Mc ch:
Xc nh hng s tc , chu k bn hy v nng lng hat ha ca phn ng phn hy
H2O2 vi ion Cu2+ l cht xc tc.
II. C s l thuyt:
H2O2 t phn hy theo phng trnh sau :
H2O2

H2O + 1/2 O2

Tc phn ng tng nhanh khi c cc xc tc Pt, mui ca cc kim loi chuyn tip
Phn ng tin hnh qua 2 giai on:
1.

HOOH

O2

2.

HOOH + 2H+

2H+

2 H2 O

2 H2 O2

( chm )
( nhanh )

2H2O + O2

Tc tng qut ca phn ng c xc nh bi giai on 1 v do phn ng xy ra theo

bc 1.
III.Kt qu thc hnh:

300C

400C

t0

t5

t10

t15

t20

t30

V0 = 11,5

V5 = 6,4

V10 = 3,5

V15 = 3,2

V20 = 2,8

V30 = 2,1

ml

ml

ml

ml

ml

ml

V0 = 7,1

V5 = 2,3

V10 = 1,5

V15 = 1,0

V20 = 0.8

V30 = 0.6

ml

ml

ml

ml

ml

ml

IV. Tnh ton v tr li cu hi:

1.Tnh hng s tc ca phn ng :
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra :
19

CuSO4
2 H2O2

O2

2KMnO4 + 5 H2O2 + 6H+

2H2O

(1)

K+ + Mn2+ + 5O2 + 8H2O2 ( 2 )

V phn ng (1) xy ra theo bc 1 nn hng s tc phn ng c tnh theo cng thc:

1 V0 ( KMnO4 )
= ln
t V( KMnO4 )

1 C
k = . ln 0( H 2 O2 )
t
C( H 2 O 2 )

30 C
400C

k5
1,95.10-3
3,75.10-3

k10
1,98.10-3
2,59.10-3

k15
1,42.10-3
2,17.10-3

k20
1,17.10-3
1,82.10-3

k30
0,94.10-3
1,37.10-3

ktb
1,492.10-3
2,34.10-3

2. Tnh nng lng hot ha ca phn ng:

E = R ln

3
K T2 1
1
= 1,987 ln 2,34 .10 3
K T1 T2 T1
1,492 .10

1
1

= 9,428.10-5 cal/mol
313
303

3. Tnh chu k bn hy:

- 300C :
t1 =
2

ln 2
ln 2
=
= 464 ,57 ( s )
k
1,492 .10 3

- 400C :

t1 =
2

ln 2
ln 2
=
= 296 ,21( s )
k
2,34 .10 3

20

Bi 6
XC NH G, H, S CA MT PHN NG IN HA
I . Mc ch:

Xc nh nhng c tnh nhit ng hc bng k thut in ha. Trong th nghim ny

chng ta kho st mt h in ha gm 2 in cc Zn2+/Zn v Cu2+ / Cu tip xc nhau qua
cu mt cu mui KCl bo ha.
Zn2+

Zn
Cu2+ + 2e
Cu2+ +

+ 2e

Cu

Zn

Cu

Zn2+

II. C s l thuyt:
Nhit ng hc c lin quan n s thay i nng lng din ra trong qu trnh ha hc
v vt l. Nhng nguyn l c bn cho s thay i nng lng ny gm:
-

Nguyn l th nht Nhit ng hc

Nguyn l th hai Nhit ng hc

Nng lung t do
G = H - T S

Nang lng t do:

G < 0: phan ng dien ra theo chieu thuan

G = 0: phan ng dien at trang thai can

bang
G > 0: phan ng khong xay ra.

Mat khac, ta co:

G = - nFE

n: so electron trao oi cho 1 mol chat phan ng.

F: hang so Faraday

Entropy S c tnh bang cong thc:

III. Tin hnh th nghim:

21

dE
S = nF dT

1. Chun b cu mui

Ha tan 100g aga-aga v 500mg KNO3 vo 5ml H2O cho hn hp long ra.
Cho dung dch cn nng vo mt ng thy tinh hnh ch U bng ng ht
Pasteur. Dung dch s to gel trong khong 10-15 pht.
2. Chun b dung dch v in cc
-

Chun b 7ml mi dung dch CuSO4 0.5M v ZnSO4 2.5M

Ct 2 ming kim loi Cu v Zn c dng hnh ch nht 5x40 mm.

3. To h in cc phn ng
4. Kho st nh hng ca in th vo nhit
-

nhit phng (15 pht) ghi nhit phng v gi tr trn vol k.

Lm lnh h trong chu nc (15 pht) ghi nhit v gi tr trn vol

k.

Lm nng h n 500C(15 pht) ghi gi tr trn vol k.

IV. Kt qu th ngim v tnh ton:

Nhit
40C
300C
500C

Gi tr trn vn k
1.064
1.074
1,085

th biu din s ph thuc ca E theo nhit :

22

1,090

y = 0.453x + 1061.6
R2 = 0.9895

1,085

1,080

1,075

1,070

1,065

1,060
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Nhit

H s gc l: tg = 0.453. T ta tnh H, S, G :
S = nF .dE/dt = 2 x 96500 x 0.453 = 87429
G = nEF = - 2 x 96500 x 1,074 = -207282
H = G + TS = -207282 +(273+30) x 87429= 26283705
V. Tr li cu hi:
1.Trong nguyn t Galvani:
- Ti anod xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
- Ti catod xy ra qu trnh kh.
Dng electron di chuyn t cc m sang cc dng. Dng in i t cc dng sang cc
m.
2. Mt pin Cu Pb cho kt qu th nghim nh sau :
T(0C)
E (v)

2.5
0.454

26.5
0.465

23

80
0.493

 th
0.495

y = 0.0005x + 0.4523
R2 = 0.9991

0.49
0.485
0.48

0.475
0.47
0.465
0.46
0.455
0.45
0

20

40

60
Nhit

H s gc l: tg = 0.0005. T ta tnh H, S, G :
S = nF .dE/dt = 2 x 96500 x 0.0005 = 96.5
G = nEF = - 2 x 96500 x 0.465 = -89745
H = G + TS = -89745 +(273+26.5) x 96.5= -60843.3

24

80

100

Bi 7
NGHIN CU CN BNG HP PH TRN RANH GII
PHA RN LNG T DUNG DCH
I. Mc ch:
Kho st s hp ph acid axetic trong dung dch trn than hot tnh v thit lp ng
ng nhit tng ng.
II. C s l thuyt:

Trong bi ny chng ta nghin cu nh hng ca nng cht tan CH3COOH ln

hp ph ca n trn than hot tnh nhit khng i trong dung mi nc.Hp ph
ca acid cacboxylic t dung dch nc thuc loi hp ph phn t v theo nhiu nghin cu
n t ra l hp ph n lp.
hp ph a ( mmol/g ) ln b mt than c th tnh t cng thc:

a=

C0 C
.V .1000
m

C0, C l nng u v nng ti cn bng hp ph ca dung dch axit axetic

( mol/lit ).V l th tch dung dch trong xy ra s hp ph ( l ) v m l khi lng cht hp

ph ( g ).
Xc nh nng cht tan trc khi cho cht hp ph (C0 ) v nng sau khi t cn bng
hp ph ( C ).
T kt qu thc nghim dng th a = f (c ) ng ng nhit hp ph.
III.Kt qu th nghim :
1.Lp ng ng nhit a = f(C):
Bnh
Vml axit
C0
Vml NaOH

1
200
0.03
3.8

2
200
0.06
6.9

3
200
0.09
8.8

25

4
200
0.12
10.4

5
200
0.15
13.1

6
200
0.2
15.7

p dng cng thc C.V = C.V cho CH3COOH v NaOH 0.1N, ta tnh c C tng ng
ca 100ml CH3COOH sau khi hp th than hot tnh nh sau:
Bnh
C

0.0038

0.0069

0.0088

0.0104

0.0131

0.0157

Tnh a:

a = (C0 C).1000.V/m
Vi m = 3 g ; V = 100 ml = 0.1 l

Bnh
a

0.873

1.77

2.707

3.653

4.563

6.143

V ng ng nhit hp ph a = f(C)
7
y = 445.44x - 1.0731
R2 = 0.9872

6
5
a

4
3
2
1
0
0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

2. X l theo phng trnh Langmuir:

C/a = f(C) = y
C
C
1
=
+
hay phng trnh c dng
a
a max
ka max

y=

1
amax

x+

1
ka max

Vy theo th th 1/amax = 445.44 v 1/k.amax = -1.0731.

Vy amax = 2.245.10-3 v k = -415
3. X l theo phng trnh Freundlich:
lga = f(lgC) = y
26

lg a = lg k +

1
1
lg C hay phng trnh c dng y = lg k + x
n
n

Vy theo th th 1/n = 445.44 v lgk =-1.0731

Suy ra n = 2.245.10-3 v k =0.0845

27

Bi 8
KHO ST CC H KEO
I.iu ch keo Fe (OH)3 :
Ly 200ml nc ct cho vo bnh nn 250, un si nc trn bp in. Tt bp ri cho tng
git dung dch FeCl3 1N n khi ht 5ml. Ta c h keo dng Fe(OH)3 mu nu sm.
FeCl3

+ 3 H2 O

Fe(OH)3 + 3 HCl

B mt ht keo b phn ng mt phn:

Fe(OH)3 + HCl

FeOCl + 2H2O
FeO+ + Cl-

FeOCl
mFe(OH)3 + nFeO+ + nCl-

[mFe(OH)3. nFeO+(n-x)Cl-]x+.xClmixen keo dng

2. Keo t keo Fe(OH)3 bng cht in ly:

Cho 10 ng nghim vo gi. Cho vo cc ng nghim lng ha cht theo bng sau ( Cht
in ly l KCl 3N tng t nh cht in ly K2SO4 0,01N. Sau thm cht in ly, mi ng
u c lc ri yn 15 pht. Sau quan st, nhng ng keo t c nh du +, nhng
ng khng keo t nh du - ):
ng nghim
Keo Fe(OH)3
Nc ct
Cht in ly
Nhn KCl
K2SO4
xt

1
5
4,5
0.5
-

2
5
4
1
-

3
5
3,5
1,5
-

4
5
3
2

5
5
2,5
2,5
-

6
5
2
3
-

7
5
1,5
3,5
-

8
5
1
4
-

9
5
0,5
4,5
-

10
5
0
5
-

Ngng keo t cho mi cht in ly c tnh theo cng thc:

=

v.N .10 3
V

mmol/l

3. Keo a lng:
a. iu ch:
- Keo tinh bt:
Cn 0,5g tinh bt cho vo cc c cha sn 100ml nc ct. un nh, va un va khuy n
khi tinh bt tan ht ri nhc xung ngui.
28

- Keo Anbumin:
Ly 1 lng trng trng g cho vo cc ri thm vo 100ml nc ct, khuy u ta c keo
anbumin.
b. Thm tch keo:
Ly 50ml keo tinh bt cho vo ti thm tch ( mng bong bng). Thm 10ml dung dch
K2SO4 0,1 N ri nhng ti vo cc ln c cha sn 500ml nc ct, khuy lin tc cc nc
bn ngoi ti khong 10 pht.
Ly vo 2 ng nghim, mi ng khang 10ml nc trong bnh thm tch trn. Mt ng th
nhn bit SO42- bng dung dch Ba2+ th ta thy kt ta trng xut hin, chng t c ion SO42- .
Mt ng c th bng dung dch I2 th thy xut hin mu tm xanh chng t ng ny c
tinh bt.
c. Bt:
Ly vo 3 ng ong 100ml ln lt 5- 10- 15 ml keo anbumin. Thm vo cc ng ln lt
15-10-5 ml nc ct. y nt, lc k mi ng 5 pht. Th tch ca hn hp c bt trong mi
ng nh sau:
ng
Th tch (ml)
Thi gian (s)

1
40
40

2
45
20

29

3
50
15