Generations of Computers

Necessity is the Mother of Invention

Ahmed L.Yousify

Charles Babbage 1822 - The Difference Engine

By 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage was proposing a steam driven calculating machine the size of a room, which he called the Difference Engine. This machine would be able to compute tables of numbers, such as logarithm tables.

1991 Reproduction of the Difference Engine

Mark 1 - 1944

Mark I

The Mark 1 is seen as the first full-sized digital computer. It weighed 5 tons, had 500 miles of wiring, was used only for numeric calculations, and took three seconds to carry out one multiplication computation.

1st Generation of Computers

Vacuum Tubes

ENIAC 1945

ENIAC could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and extract square roots. ENIAC stored a maximum of twenty 10-digit decimal numbers. Its accumulators combined the functions of an adding machine and storage unit. It contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.

IBM SSEC

1947

UNIVAC

1951

Military.mov

A Later modification of the UNIVAC was the first computer to make use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

IBM 702

1955

From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors

1959-1964

2nd Generation of Computers

IBM 1401

3rd Generation of Computers 1964-1975

Integrated Circuits

Digital PDP
Programmed Data Processor

Circuitry encased in chips

Computers produce less heat and run many programs with a central program to coordinate the computers memory and components.

 1969: 1969 The US Department of Defense commissions Arpanet for research networking, and the first four nodes come operations al UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, SRI, and the University of Utah. Arpanet laid the foundation for the Internet.

Moores Law

Cost of 1 MHz of Processing Power 1970 $7,601.00 Cost of 1 mb Storage 1970 5.257.00 1999 - $ .17 1999 - $ .17

Cost of sending 1 trillion bits 1970 - $150,00.00 1999 - $ .12

Gordon Moore

1971 The First Microprocessor

Intel 4004 dubbed a computer on a chip

1972 - Pong

1973 - Large scale integration

10,000 components are placed on a 1cm2 chip

The 1975 Altair (kit) used large scale integration

4th Generation of Computers

Mid 1970s-1990 Large-Scale Integration

1976 CRAY I

1977 Apple II

1977 Tandy Commodore

Radio Shack TRS - 80

Microsoft - 1977

1977 Cellphones

1981 - IBM PC The first open architecture computer goes mainstream

1984 Apple Macintosh

1984 CD ROM

1985- Intel 386

1985 Windows 1.0

1989 Intel 486 1.2 Million Transistors

1989 Tim Berners-Lee World Wide Web

URL HTML HTTP://

1993 Intel Pentium

3.5 million transistors

1994 Marc Andreeson

Netscape

1995 Windows 95

1995 Amazon.com First large internet site for commerce

1996 Windows CE

1997 IBMs Big Blue beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in only 62 minutes.

1997 Intel Pentium II

233 MHz

1999 Intel Pentium III

500 MHz

Pentium IV Today's microprocessors contain tens of millions of microscopic transistors.

Fifth Generation
Voice Recognition & Artificial Intelligence

Fifth Generation
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.

Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Artificial intelligence includes: Games Playing Natural Language Robotics.etc..

Touch Screen

For example :

Robotics

Robots used in many types in real life : in business(industry)

In Medicine

In Sports

In Astrology

From credit cards , to smart phones , to intelligent cars, until this day the technology will continuo and will keep developing .

The End Thanks For Watching

With Regards Ahmed L.Yousify