&

( 2001 2011 )
&

.... ( 2003 2011 )

-

2001 2011

2 2001

:
: (4)
1o
A.1. z 1 , z 2 .
: z 1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 .
7,5
.2. ,


.
z :
2

z = zz

z2 = z2

z=- z

z=z

iz=z
5

.1. z1 = 3 + 4 i z2 = 1 - 3 i,

,
.

1.

z1 z2

2.

z12

3.

z2

. 25

4.

z1

. 5

5.

i z2

. 10
7,5
.2.
z =

z z = 1,

1
.
z
5

2
f :

x 2 ,

f(x) = 1 - ex -3
,

x3

x3
x>3

. f , = 1/9.
9
.
Cf f (4, f(4)).
7

f, xx x=1
x=2.
9
3
f,
R, :
f 3 (x) + f 2 (x) + f(x) = x 3 2x 2 + 6x 1

x R,

, 2 < 3.
. f .
10
. f .
8
. f(x) = 0
(0,1).
7
4
f,
R, o
:
i) f(x) 0, x R
ii) f(x) = 1 - 2 x

0 t f

(xt) dt , x R.

g(x) =

1
- x2 ,
f(x)

x R.

f (x) = - 2xf 2 (x)

10
. g .
4
. f :

f(x) =
.

lim

1 .
1 + x2

x +

(x f(x) 2x).
7

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

( )

(, , ).
.
,
.

.
.

,
.
.
.
: (3)
.
: (1)
.
K

 1



30 2002

:
: (4)

1o
A.

f ' [, ].
G f [, ],

f (t ) dt = G() G() .
12
.1. f(x) = x. f
R
f(x) = x .
8
.2. ,


.
. f [,]
(,], f
[,] .
1
. , 1-1
, .
1

. f x 0
lim f(x) = 0 ,

x x 0

lim f(x) = 0 .
x x 0
1
. f R ,

f (x)dx = xf (x) xf(x)dx .

1
.

lim f(x) > 0 , f(x) > 0 x 0 .

x x 0
1

2
z f() = i z,
. f(3) + f(8) + f(13) + f(18) = 0 .

IN*.
7

. z= Arg(z) = ,

f(13) = + + i + .
2
2

8
. z= 2 Arg(z) =

,
3

0, z f(13).
10

3
f, g R .
fog 1-1.
. g 1-1.

. :
g ( f(x) + x 3 - x ) = g ( f(x) + 2x -1 )
.
18
4
. h, g [, ].
h(x) > g(x) x [, ],

h(x)dx >
g(x)dx .

2
. R f,
:

f ( x) e f ( x ) = x 1,

x R

f(0) = 0 .

f f.

x
< f(x) < x f(x) ,
2

x > 0.
12

)
f, x = 0,
x = 1 xx,
1
1
f (1) .
< E <
2
4
6

29 2003
:

:
1o
A.

, f
x 0 ,
.
8

;
7

,

.

. z z ,
z = z = z .
2
. f
.
f(x)>0 x ,
f .
2

.
,

f (x)dx = f (x) + c

f,

, c IR .
2

. f
,
f
.
2
. f
x 0 . f
x 0
f(x 0 )=0, f
x 0 .
2
2

z=+i, ,IR
_
_
w=3z i z +4 , z z .

. Re(w)=3+4

m(w)=3.
6
. , w
y=x12 ,
z
y=x2 .
9
2

. z ,

y=x2 , .
10
3

f(x) = x 5 +x 3 +x .

. f
f .
6
. f(e x )f(1+x) xIR.
6
.
f (0,0)
f

f 1.

5
.
f 1, x
x=3 .
8
4
f [,]
(,) .
f() = f() = 0 (,), (,),
f()f()<0 , :

f(x)=0
(,).
8

. 1 , 2 (,) f( 1 )<0
f( 2 )>0 .
9
.
f .
8
( )
1.
(, , ).
.
2.
.
.

.
3. .
4.
.
5. : (3)
.
6. : 10.30 .
K

 1



8 2003
:

: (4)

1o
A.

f .
F f ,
:
.

c R

G(x) = F (x) + c ,

f
. G f

G(x) = F (x) + c ,

c R .
10

,

.
. z 1 , z 2 ,
z1 z2 z1 + z2 z1 + z2 .

2
. f '
( , ),
x 0 , f .
f (x) > 0 ( , x 0 ) f (x) < 0
( x 0 , ), f (x 0 )

f.

2
1

. f : R 1 1 ,
x 1 , x 2 A
:
x 1 = x 2 , f(x 1 ) = f(x 2 ) .
2
. f, g
, :

f(x) g (x) dx

= f(x) g(x) f (x) g(x) dx .

2

x = x 0
f ;
7

2
. ( )
z :

z = 2

m (z) 0 .
12

. , z
() ,

1
4
z +
2
z
xx .

w =

13

3

.

x2 + 1 x .

f(x) =

lim f(x) = 0 .

x+

5
.
f , x .

. f (x) x + 1 + f(x) = 0 .
.

1
2

x +1

dx = ln

( 2 + 1)

6
.
8

4
f IR
, :
f(x) = f (2 x) f (x) 0 x IR .
. f .
8
. f(x) = 0
.
8
.

g(x) =

f(x)
.
f (x)

g
xx, 45 .
9
3

27 2004
:

: TE (4)
1o
A.

f '
x 0 . f
x 0
, f(x 0 )=0
10

f
x 0 ;
5

.
.

.
.

lim f(x) = A ,

x x 0

2
lim f(x) = lim f(x) = A

x x
0

x x 0+

2
. f, g x 0 ,
fg x 0
:
(fg)(x 0 ) = f(x 0 ) g(x 0 )
2

. f,
. f(x)>0 x
, f .
2
. f
[,]. G f [,],

f (t)dt = G () G ()
2
2
f f(x)=x 2 lnx .
.

f,


.
10

f
.
8

f.

g(x)=e x f(x),
IR f(0)=f( 3 )=0 .
2

(0, 3 )
2

f()=f().
8

. f(x)=2x 2 3x,

I ()=
.

g(x)dx ,

IR
8

lim I()

9
4
f: IR IR f(1)=1.
x IR,
g(x)=

x3

z f (t)dt 3 z +

1
(x 1) 0,
z

z=+iC, , IR *, :
. g
IR g.
5
. N z = z +

1
z
8

.
1
Re(z 2 ) =
2
6
. A f(2)=>0, f(3)= >,
x 0 (2,3) f(x 0 )=0.
6

 1



5 2004
:

: (4)

1o
A.

f .
f
f(x) = 0 x ,

f
.
9
.

,

.
. f x 0
,
.
2

.
.
2
. f, g IR
fog gof,
.
2

. C C
f f 1
y = x xOy
xOy.
2
. f x 0 ,
lim

x x0

f (x) = k lim f(x) , f(x) 0

x x0

x 0 , k k 2.
2
.

f
(, )
[, ].
6

2
f: IR IR f(x) = 2 x + m x 4 x 5 x ,
mIR, m > 0.
. m f(x) 0 x IR .
13
. m = 10,
f,
xx x = 0 x = 1.
12
3
f: [, ] IR
[, ] f(x) 0 x [, ] z
Re(z) 0, m(z) 0 Re(z) >Im(z).

z +

1
1
= f() z 2 + 2 = f 2 (), :
z
z

. z= 1
11

. f 2 () < f 2 ()
5
. x 3 f() + f() = 0
(1, 1).

4
f [0, +) IR ,
1
x2
f(x) =
+ 2 2xf(2xt) dt .
0
2

f (0, +).
7

f(x) = e x (x + 1).

f(x) [0, +).

5

lim f(x)

x+

lim f(x) .

31 2005
:

: (4)
1 o
A.1

f,
[, ].
f [, ]
f() f()
f() f()
, x 0 (, ) ,
f(x 0 ) = .
9

.2

y = x +
f +;
4

B.

,

.
. f [, ] f() < 0
(, ) f() = 0,
f() > 0.
2
. lim (f(x) + g(x)) ,
x x0

lim f(x)
x x0

lim g(x) .

x x0

. f f 1
f
y = x,
f 1 .
2
.

lim f(x) = 0 f(x) > 0 x 0 ,

x x0

1
=+ .
x x 0 f(x)
lim

2
. f
,
x
x .

f (t)dt = f(x) - f()

2
. f
,
x
x , .
2
2
z 1 , z 2 , z 3 z 1 =z 2 =z 3 = 3.
9
.
. : z1 =
z1
7
z1 z2
+
.
.
z2 z1
9
1
. : z 1 + z 2 + z 3 =
z 1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z 1 .
3
9

3
f f(x) = e x ,

> 0.

. f .
3
.
f,
, y = ex.
.
7
. () ,
f,
yy,
e -2
.
() =
2
8

2 ()
. lim
+ 2 +

.
7

4
f IR ,
2 f(x) = e x

f(x)

x IR f(0) = 0.

1 + ex
.
. : f(x) = ln
2

6
x

. N :

lim

x0

f(x - t) dt
x

.
6

. :
h(x) =

x
x

2005

x2007
.
f (t)dt g(x) =
2007

h(x) = g(x) x IR .
7
.
(0 , 1).

1
x
2005
x t f (t)dt = 2008

( )
1.
(, , ).
.
2.
, .
.

,
.
3. .
4. .
5. : (3)
.
6. : 10:30 .
K

4

 1




6 2005
:

: (4)

1 o
A.1

f f (x) = x .
f (0,+) :
f(x) =

1
2 x

.
9

.2

f:A IR 1-1;

B.

,

.

. ,
f
0, f
.
2
. f
(,) x o.
f (,x o ) (x o ,)
, (xo , f (xo ))

f.
2
1

.
.
2
. f,g fog gof,
fog gof.
2
. z, z
xx.
2
. f
IR *, :

f (x)dx = f (x)dx .
2

2
. z 1 , z 2
z 1 +z 2 =4+4i 2z1 z 2 = 5 + 5i ,
z 1 , z 2 .

10

. A z,w
z 1 3i 2 w 3 i 2 :
i.
z, w , z=w
10
ii. z w.
5

3
f, IR
f(x)0 x IR .
. f 1-1.
7
. C f f
(1,2005) (-2,1),
f 1 ( 2004 + f (x2 8)) = 2 .

9
. C f ,
C f
1
x + 2005 .
(): y =
668
9
4
f: IR IR ,

lim
x0

f (x) x
= 2005 .
x2

. :
i. f(0)=0
4

ii. f(0)=1.

x2 + (f (x))
lim 2
2 = 3.
x0
2x + (f (x))
2

. IR , :

7
. f
IR f(x)>f(x) x IR ,

:
i.
ii.

xf(x)>0 x 0.

f (x)dx < f (1) .

0

4
( )
1.
(, , ).
.
2.
, .
.

,
.
3. .
4. .
5. : (3)
.
6. : 10.30 .
K

4

27 2006
:

: (4)
1 o
A.1

f,
.
:
f(x)>0 x ,
f .
f(x)<0 x ,
f .
10

.2

f
. f
;
5

B.

,

.
2

. z z = z .
2
. lim
f(x) > 0 ,
xx

f ( x ) > 0

x 0 .
2

. H f()
f
.
2
. (3 x ) = x 3 x - 1 , x IR .
2
.

f (x)g(x)dx=[f(x)g(x)] f (x)g(x)dx, f,g

[,].
2

2
f(x) =2+(x-2) 2 x2.
. f 1-1.
6
. f -1
f .
8
.

i.

f f -1
y=x.
4

ii.

f f -1 .
7

3
z1 , z 2 , z 3 z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 1
z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0 .

:
i. z1 z 2 = z 3 z1 = z 2 z 3 .
9
ii. z1 z 2

4 Re (z1 z 2 ) 1 .

8
z 1 ,z 2 ,z 3
,
.
8

4
f(x)=

x+1
lnx.
x1

.
f.
8
. N f(x)=0 2
.
5
.
g(x)=lnx (,ln) >0

h(x)=e x ( ,e ) IR ,
f(x)=0.
9
.
g h
.
3

 1


5 2006
:

: (4)

1o
A.1

: (x)=x, xIR .
10

.2

f .
f ;
5

B.

,

.
. z 1 , z 2 , :

z 1 z 2 z1 + z 2 .
2
. f, g x o
f

g(xo)0,
g
xo :

f(x ) g (xo ) f (xo ) g(xo )

f
(xo ) = o
[g(xo )] 2
g

.
2

. x0 [ln x ] =

1
.
x
2

. f: IR 11,
y
f(x)=y x .
2
. f
[,]. G f [,],

f(t)dt = G() G() .

2

2
1 + ex
f(x) =
, xIR .
x +1
1+ e
. f
IR .
9

1
dx .
f(x)
9

. x<0 :
f(5 x )+f(7 x )<f(6 x )+f(8 x ) .

3
z,
(4z) 10 = z 10 f f(x) = x 2 +x+, IR .
. z
x=2.
7

()
f x=2
yy y o =3,
i.

().
9

ii.

f, (), xx
3
x = .
5
9
4

f(x) = xln(x + 1) (x + 1)lnx x>0.

1
, x>0 .
x
ii. f
(0,+).

. i.

: ln(x + 1) lnx <

12
.

1
lim xln(1 + ) .
x +
x
5

(0,+)
(+1) = +1 .
8

24 2007
:

: (5)
1 o
A.1

z 1 , z 2 , :
z1 z 2 = z1 z 2 .

8
.2

f, g ;
4

.3

y = A
f +;
3

B.

,

, ,
, ,
.
. f [,]

x[, ] f(x) 0 f(x) dx > 0 .

2
. f
x
. f
f(x) > 0 x .
2
1

. f x 0
g x 0 ,
g o f x 0 .
2
. f
,

g(x)
f(t) dt = f (g(x) ) g (x)

.
. > 1

lim x = 0 .

2
2

z=

2 + i
+ 2i

IR .

. z
(0,0) =1.
9
. z 1 , z 2
z=

2 + i
+ 2i

= 0 = 2 .
i.

z 1 z 2 .
8
2

ii. :
(z1 ) 2 = ( z 2 )

.
8
3
:
f(x) = x 3 3x 2 2

IR + , Z.
2
. f ,
.
7
. f(x) = 0
.
8
. x 1 , x 2 x 3
f,
B ( x 2 , f(x 2 ) )

( x 3 , f(x 3 ) )

( x 1 , f(x 1 ) ) ,
2
y = 2x 2 .
3
.

2
f y = 2x 2 .
7

4
f
[0, 1] f(0) > 0.
g [0, 1]
g(x) > 0 x [0, 1].
:
x

x [0, 1],

x [0, 1].

F(x) = 0 f(t) g(t) dt ,

G(x) = 0 g(t) dt ,

. F(x) > 0 x (0, 1].

8
. N :
f(x)G(x) > F(x)
x (0, 1].
6
. N :
F(x) F(1)

G(x) G(1)
x (0, 1].

4
. :
x f(t) g(t) dt x 2 t 2 dt
0
0

lim
x0+
x g(t) dt x 5
0

7
4

 1


3 2007
:

: (4)

1o
A.1

f
x 0 ,
.
10

.2

B.

Rolle

,

, ,
, ,
.
. f()
f .
2
. f, g, g
[,],

f ( x )g( x )dx = f ( x )dx g( x )dx .

2

. f
,
x

f ( t )dt = f(x)

x.
2

. f
(,),

(,) = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) .
x

x +

2
. f, g
. f, g
f(x) = g(x) x ,
f(x) = g(x) x.
2
2

3x ,
x

f (x) =
2
x + x + x,

x<0

x 0.

. lim f ( x ) = 3 .
x 0

. f = f
2
x 0 =0, = = 3.
9

. = = 3, f ( x )dx .
0

3

f(x) = e x e lnx,

x > 0.

. f(x)
(1, +).
10
.

f(x) e x > 0.
7

.
x 2 +2

x 2 +1

f ( t )dt =

x2 +2
x 2 +3

f ( t )dt + 2 f ( t )dt

(0, +).
8
4

z 1 = +i z 2 =
, IR 0. z 2 z 1 IR .

2 z1

2 + z1

. z 2 z 1 = 1.
9
. z 1
.
6
.

z1

>0,

z 1

(z1 + 1 + i)20 (z1 + 1 i)20 = 0 .

10

24 2008
:

: (5)
1 o
A.1

f(x) = ln x , x*
* :

( ln x ) =

1
x

10
.2

f
[,];
5

B.

,

, ,
, ,
.
. f:A 11,
f 1 :
f 1 ( f ( x ) ) = x, x A f ( f 1 ( y )) = y, y f ( A )
2
. f

f
.
2
1 5

. z 2 +z+=0
,, 0 ,
.
2
. f
,

f( x ) > 0
x.

. A f ,,

f(x)dx = f(x)dx + f(x)dx

z w
(i + 2 2 )z = 6

w (1 i) = w (3 3i)

:
.
z .

.
w .

6
.

zw

6
2 5

3
x lnx , x > 0
f(x) =
0 , x=0

. f 0.
3
. f
.
9
.

x = e .
6
.
f(x+1)>f(x+1)f(x) ,
x > 0 .

4
f
2

f(x) = (10x 3 + 3x) 0 f(t)dt 45

.
f(x)=20x 3 +6x45
8

3 5

.
g(x) g(x h)
h 0
h

g(x) = lim

4
. f ()
g ()
lim

g(x + h) 2g(x) + g(x h)

h2

h 0

g(0)=g(0)=1,

= f(x) + 45

i. g(x)=x 5 +x 3 +x+1
10
ii. g 11

( )
1.
(, , ).
.
2.
, .
.

.
3. .

4 5

4.
.
, .
5.
.
6. : (3)
.
7. : 10.30 .
K

5 5

3 2008
:

: (4)
1o
A.

[, ].
G f [, ],

f ( t )dt = G () G ( )

10
.

;
5

,

,
, ,
.
. 11,
.
2
. f ,
f

,
.
2
.

f ( x )dx

1 4

xx
xx.
2
. , , :
+i=0 =0 =0
2
.
(, x )(x , ) A
. :
lim f(x) = A lim (f(x) A ) = 0
x xo

x xo

2
2
1+ i 3

2
z 2 +z+=0, .

z1 =
. =1 =1.

9
. z13 = 1.
8
.
w, :

w = z1 z1

2 4

3
f(x) = x 2 2 ln x, x > 0.
. : f(x)1 x>0.
6
.
f.
6
.

ln x

f (x)
g( x ) =

i.

, x >0
, x=0

k g
.
6

1
ii. k = , g ,
2
, (0, e).

7
4
f [0, + )
f(x) > 0 x 0. :
F(x) =
h(x) =

f(t) dt ,

F( x )

x
0

x [0, + ),

x (0, + ).

t f ( t ) dt

3 4

1
0

e t 1[f ( t ) + F( t )]dt = F(1)

6
.

(0, + ).

8
. h(1)=2, :
i.

2
0

f(t) dt < 2

tf(t)dt
0

6
ii.

1
0

1
F( t ) dt = F(1)
2

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

(, , ).
.

, .
.

.
.

. ,
.
.
: (3)
.
: 10.00 .

K

4 4

( )
20 2009
:

: (5)

1 o
. f .
f x
f ( x ) = 0 , f
.
10
. f
x 0 ;
5
. ,

,
, ,
.
.

z 1 , z 2 ,
z1z 2 = z1 z 2

2
.

f
() x 0 A,
f(x)f(x 0 ) xA
2
1 5

x 1
=1
x 0
x
lim

2
.

f

.
2

f
[, ] f(x)<0 x[, ],

f, x=, x=
xx
( ) =

f (x )dx
2

2

z=(2+1)+(21)i ,

..
z,

9
.

z 0 = 1 i
.
8

2 5

w + w 12 = z 0
z 0
.
8
3

f (x) = x ln( x + 1),
> 0 1

x > 1,

A. f ( x ) 1 x > 1, =e
8
. =e,
. f .
5
. f
(1, 0]
[0, + )
6
. , (1, 0) (0, + ) ,
f () 1 f ( ) 1
+
=0
x 1
x2

(1, 2)

3 5

4
f [0, 2]

2

0 (t 2)f (t )dt = 0

H( x ) =

0 t f (t )dt,

x [0, 2],

x
H( x )

f
( t )dt + 3,
x
0

G(x) =
1 1 t2

,
6 lim
t 0
t2

x (0, 2]
x=0

. G
[0, 2].
5
. G
(0, 2)
G( x ) =

H( x )
x

0<x<2

6
. (0, 2)
()=0.
7
. (0, )

t f ( t )dt = 2

0 f (t )dt
7

4 5

9 2009
:

: (5)
1 o
A.

f(x) = x . f
(0 , + ) :

f ( x ) =

1
2 x
9

B.

f x o
. f x o ;
6

,

,
, ,
.
.

( z ) = ( z )
2

. f 1-1,

f .
2

1 5

. lim f(x) = 0 f(x) < 0 x o

xx o

lim

xx o

1
= +
f (x)

2
. f(x) = x. H f
1 = { x x = 0 }

f ( x ) = -

1
2 x

2
.
,

f,

f (x) dx = f(x) + c,

c .
2
2
z
:

(2 i ) z + (2 + i ) z 8 = 0
. N
z = x+yi
.
10

2 5

. N z1
z 2
.
8
. z1, z 2
z1 + z 2

+ z1 z 2

= 40

7
3

f(x) = ln[(+1)x 2 +x+1] - ln(x+2),

x > -1

-1
. ,
lim f(x) .
x +

5
. = -1
.

f
.
10

f
6

. f(x) + 2 = 0

0
4

3 5

f: [0 , 2]

f ( x ) 4 f ( x ) + 4 f ( x ) = k x e 2 x , 0 x 2

f (0) = 2 f (0) , f (2) = 2 f(2)+12 e 4 , f(1) = e 2

k .
.

f ( x ) 2 f ( x )
, 0 x 2
g(x) = 3x 2 e2x
Rolle
[0,2].
4
(0,2) ,

f ( ) + 4 f ( ) = 6 e 2 + 4 f ( )
6

k = 6 g(x) = 0
x [0,2].
6

f ( x ) = x 3 e 2 x , 0 x 2
5

f (x)
x2

dx

4 5

( )
19 2010
:

: (4)

A1. f .
F f ,
:

G(x)=F(x)+c,

G f

G(x)=F(x)+c,

6
A2. x=x 0
f ;
4
A3. f
. f
;
5
4. ,

,
, ,
.
)
+i +i
.
1 4

) f
. f
,
.
) f
(,),

(,),
A = lim +f ( x ) B = lim f ( x )
x

) (x)=x, x
) lim f ( x ) < 0 , f(x)<0 x 0
xx 0

10

2
= 2 zC z0
z
B1. z 1 z 2 .

z+

B2.
z12010 + z 2010
=0
2

B3. w

w 4 + 3i = z1 z 2

w
.
7
B4. w 3,
3 w 7
5
2 4

f(x)=2x+ln(x 2 +1), x
1. f.
5

2. :

(3x 2) 2 + 1
2 x 3x + 2 = ln

4
x
+
1

7
3. f
f
.
4.

I = xf ( x )dx
1

f: x
:
f(x) x
x

f(x)x =3+

t
dt
f (t) t

1. f

f(x)=

f (x)
, x
f (x) x

5
2. g(x)= (f ( x ) )2 2xf(x),
x, .
7
3 4

3.
f(x)=x+ x 2 + 9 , x
6

4.
x +1

x+2

f (t)dt < f (t)dt ,

x

x +1

7

1.
(, , ).
.
2.
, .
.

.
3. .
4.

.
5.
.
6. .
7. : (3)
.
8. : 10.00 ..
K

4 4

7 2010
:

: (5)

A1. f(x) = x, x,
( x ) = x
8
A2. f
[,] ;
4
A3. f
x 0 A () , f(x 0 );
3
4. ,

,
, ,
.

( )

) f(x) = x , > 0, x = x x 1

) f o g g o f,
f o g = g o f
) lim f ( x ) = + , lim
xx 0

x x 0

1
=0
f (x)

1 5

) f
[,] f(x) 0 x[,],

f (x)dx 0

) zC z = z z
10

z 1 , z 2

z 1 +z 2 = 2 z 1 z 2 = 5
B1. z 1 , z 2
5
B2. w
2

w z1 + w z 2

= z1 z 2

w
(x+1) 2 + y 2 = 4
8
B3. w 2

2 Re(w) + Im(w) = 0
6
2 5

B4. w 1 , w 2 w

w1 w 2 = 4 ,

w 1 + w 2 = 2
6

f(x) = (x2)lnx + x 3, x > 0
1.
f
5
2. f
(0,1] [1, + )
5
3. f(x) = 0
.
6
4. x 1 , x 2 3 x 1 < x 2 ,
(x1, x2) ,

f() f() = 0

f (, f () )
.
9

3 5

f:
f(0) = 1 f(0) = 0
1. f(x) 1 x
4
1

x f ( xt )dt + x 3
0

2. lim

x0

= +
6

f(x) + 2x = 2x f ( x ) + x 2 , x, :

3.

f(x) = e x x 2 ,

x
8

4.
x +2

h(x) =

f (t)dt , x 0
x

x 2 + 2x +3

x 2 + 2 x +1

f (t)dt + f (t)dt < 0

4 5

( )
16 2011
:

: (4)

A1. f
x 0 . f
x 0
, : f (x 0 ) = 0
10
A2. f .
y=x+
f + ;
5
A3. ,

,
, ,
.
) z 0 z 0 =1
) f:A 1-1,
x 1 , x 2 A :
x 1 x 2 , f(x 1 ) f(x 2 )
) x 1 ={x|x=0} : (x ) =
) :

x
=1
x + x
lim

1 4

1
2 x

) C C
f f 1 y=x
xOy xOy.
10

z w z 3i ,
:

z 3i + z + 3i = 2 w = z 3i +

1
z 3i

B1.
z
7

B2. z + 3i =

1
z 3i
4

B3. w
2 w 2
8
B4. :

zw = z
6

f : ,
, f (0 ) = f (0) = 0 , :
e x (f ( x ) + f ( x ) 1) = f ( x ) + xf ( x )

x.

2 4

1. : f ( x ) = ln(e x x ), x
8
2. f
.
3
3. f
.
7
4. ln(e x x ) = x

0,
2
7

f, g : ,
x :
i)
ii)

iii)

f(x)>0 g(x)>0

1 f (x)
e2x
1 g( x )

2x

e2t
dt
g(x + t )
e2 t
dt
f (x + t)

1. f g
f(x) = g(x) x .
9
2. :
f(x) = e x , x
4
3 4

3. :

lim

x 0

ln f ( x )
1
f
x

5
4.

F( x ) =

f ( t 2 ) dt

xx yy x=1.
7

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

( )
(,
).
.

.
.
.
.

. ,
.
.
.
: (3)
.
: 10.00 ..

4 4

6 2011
:

: (5)

A1. f(x)=x
x
( x) = x
10
A2. f, .

f .
5
3. ,

,
, ,
.
) z=+i, ,
z z =2
) f
x 0 A () f(x 0 ),
f(x) f(x 0 ) xA
) f
, 1-1 .

1 5

lim f ( x ) = 0

xx 0

f(x)>0

x0,

1
=+
x x 0 f (x)
lim

) f
x 0
.
10

z, w,
:
z i =1+Im(z)

(1)

w( w +3i )=i(3 w +i)

(2)

B1.
z
1
4

y= x 2
7

B2.
w
(0,3) =2 2 .
7
B3. ,
z, w
z =w.
5
B4. N
, ,
u ,
2 5

,,, .
6

y= x , x 0 .
(0,1)
xy
, .
y

y= x
(4,2)

(0,1)

t, t 0 x(t ) = 16 m/min
1. ,
t, t 0 :
x(t)=16t
5
2.
(4,2)
, ,
.
6

3 5

3.

.
6
1
4

4. t0 (0, ),
d=()
.
8

xy.

f: , 3
, :
i) lim

x 0

f (x)
= 1 + f (0)
x

ii) f(0) < f(1)-f(0)

iii) f (x ) 0

1.
f
x 0 =0.
3
2. f .
5
g(x)=f(x)x, x , :
3. g
x
x 0 xg ( x )

lim

6
4 5

4.

f (x) dx >2
0

5
5.
g, x x
5
2

x=0 x=1 ()=e ,

1

f (x) dx
0

(1,2)
,

f (t) dt = 2
0

6
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

( )
(,
).
.

.
.
.
.

. ,
.
.
.
: (3)
.
: 18.00
K

5 5


....
2003 2011

 .... 2003

-
1

. ) f ( x ) = x . f
R : f ' ( x ) = x .

20
03

) f , g :
f ' ( x ) = g ' ( x ) x .

c : f ( x ) = g ( x ) + c

) f . :

f x0 A .

. .

) f : A R f 1 , f
.
) f x0 f ( x0 ) > 0 , f ( x ) > 0

x x0 .

) f [ , ] ,

x0 ( , ) f ' ( x0 ) > 0 .

) f

. f '' ( x ) > 0 x .
) f [ a, ] f ( x ) 0
x0 [ , ] f ( x0 ) > 0 .

f ( x ) dx > 0 ,

) f [ , ]

f ( x ) dx = 0 ,

f .
9

 2
f ( x ) =

ln ( ax )
x

,a > 0 .

. f (1, f (1) )
x y = 0 , .
. a = 1 :

20
03

) f .
) .
) :

( )

+1

>

+1

5
7

f [ , ] 0 < <
z = a + i w = f ( ) + i f ( ) f ( ) 0 .

. :
) z1 =

1+ i z
f ( a ) = a
1+ f ( ) i w

) z = iw z , w 0
, .
2

. z iw = z + iw . :

) a f ( ) f ( ) = 0

) z , w 0 .

4
3

) x0 ( a, ) ,

f M ( x0 , f ( x0 ) ) 0(0,0).

f f '' ( x ) R :

(t
x

+ 1) f '' ( t ) dt = 2 t f ' ( t ) dt 4 x t f ( x ) dt x R ,
0

f ( 0 ) = 0 f ' ( 0 ) = 2 .

2x
,x R
x +1
2

20
03

) f ( x ) =

10

) E ( a )
f , xx x = 0 x = a > 0 .

10
cm / sec ,
3
E ( a ) , a = 3cm .

) g :

g ( x ) + x 2 f ( x ) x R .

(i) y = x + 2
g x +

(ii)
g , + x = 0
x = 2 , :
E ln 5

 .... 2004

-
1
. :

20
04

f, [, ].
f
f() f()

[, ]

, f() f() ,

x0(, ) ,

f(x0) =

. f, ,
.

y = f (x)

, I1 , I2 , I3

f (x) dx

I1 =

.
2

I2 = f ' (x) dx

I3 = f ''(x) dx

. .

x
x

2 . lim x
x 0
x
3.

4.

20
04

1 . lim
x0

lim + lnx

x 0

lim

ex

. f ( x ) = x , IN -{0, 1}. , f
IR f ( x ) = x - 1 .
2.

f , g IR
f(x) g(x) = 1,

f ( x ) 1 x IR...

g(x) + 2
L = lim
,
x + f(x) x 2

. i) L.

ii) f g
+.

. g IR .

. : f ( x ) g ( x ) = x + 4 x IR .

x IR. g(x) =
z=g(x)+xi z+i |z1|.

. , i) g
g .

+ et

dt , > 0

ii) z

20
04

-1

. , :

. R e ( z ) I m ( z ) , x IR

. =1.

2
1
1
<
dt
2
t

1+ e
0 +e

1
1
dt <
t
+e
1+ e

f , g IR g ( 0 ) = 1
f(x)=g2(x)0,

f2(x) + g2(x)=1

x IR.

. :

i ) g ( x ) = g ( x ) f ( x ) , x IR..

1 .

ii) g (, 0], [0,+)

. i) f
.

ii) f
(0, 0).

. , f
1
+ ln g (1) .
7
y=x, x=1, , =
2

 2005

&

0 5
2 0

O
M E
AT E
A
20
05

1
.
:

f ' ( x ) > 0 ,

f ( x ) = xa

.
:

f ' ( x ) = a x a1 .

x > 0.

6
. .
1. f : A << 1 1 >>

x1 , x2 : x1 = x2 f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
2. lim f ( x ) < lim g ( x ) f ( x ) < g ( x ) x0 .
x x0

x x0

[ a, ] x0 ( a, )
f ( x0 ) = 0 , f ( a ) f ( ) < 0 .
4. f [ a, ] ,
x0 ( a, ) f ' ( x0 ) < 0 .
3.

5.

f ( x ) dx = 0

[ a, ] , f ( x ) 0 x [ a, ] .

10

f ( x ) = 2 x ( ln x 2 ) , x > 0
ln x
) : f ' ( x ) =
, x > 0.
x

lim f ' ( x ) .

x 0+

 2005

3
) f .
8
)

ln x
x

x = e2 .

, xx

x=

1
e

10

O
M E
AT E
A
20
05

g ( x) =

z = e + (x 1) i, x .
x

) :

Re ( z ) > Im ( z ) x ..

w = z 2 + z + 2i

x0 ( 0,1)

) z .
4

e x f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) + x = f ' ( x ) x .
x , x
) f f ( x) =
1+ e x
f ( x ) + f ( x ) = x x ..

lim f ( x ) .

x+

) :

I=

f ( x )dx .

f ( x )dx

f ( 0) =

1
2

7
6

.
4
6

 2006

20
06

. ) f x0
. f
x0 ,
: f ' ( x0 ) = 0 .
11
) x = x0
f ;
4
.
.
) f : <<1 1>> x1 , x2
: f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ) x1 = x2 .
) lim ( f ( x ) g ( x ) )
x x0

lim f ( x ) lim g ( x ) .

x x0

x x0

) lim f ( x ) = + f ( x ) 0 x
x x0

x0 .
) f
,
f '' ( x ) 0 x .

f ( x )dx = 0 a <

x [ a, ] .
a

f ( x ) = 0

10

 2006

z w =
) :

z +i
z i .
1+ i z

wi
= z
w+i

20
06

5
) z = 1 w ,
xx.
6
) : w z .
7
) f [ a, ] f ( a ) > 1

z = f ( a ) i w = f ( ) i . f ( x ) = 0
(,).
7

f ( x ) = e x ax 1 a > 1 .
)
f ( 0, f ( 0 ) ) .
4
) f .
8
) ( a )

f , ( 0, f ( 0 ) )
x = a > 1.
a2
a
i) : ( a ) = e a 1 .
2
7
ii) lim ( a ) .
a+

 2006

4
f f ( x ) > 0

g ( x ) = t f ( xt ) dt , t , x .
1
0

20
06

:
x
1
) g ( x ) = 2 t f ( t )dt x 0 .
x 0
) g x0 = 0 .

) x g ( x ) < f ( t )dt x > 0 .

x

6
6
7

) t f ( t )dt = 3 t f ( t ) dt (1, 2 )
2
1

: 2g ( ) = f ( ) .

 2007

&

1
. ) Fermat.

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

4
) f,
f ' ( x ) > 0 .
f .

.
.
1. f : A f ( x )
x , f .

2. lim f ( x ) = 0 , f ( x ) x 0
x x 0

lim f ( x ) = 0 .
x x 0

3. f f (a ) f ( ) < 0 f ( x ) 0
x (a , ) , f [a , ] .

4. f , g
f ' ( x ) = g ' ( x ) x , f ( x ) = g ( x )
x .

5. f ,
:

f (x )d x

= f ( x ) d x .

6. f , g [a , ]
f ( x ) < g ( x ) x [a , ] ,

f (x )d x < g (x )d x .

12

 2007

2
f ( x ) = ( x 2 + a ) e x , x . y = 2 x + 2
f ( 0, f ( 0 ) ) :
) : a = 2 .

) f .

) :
i) lim f ( x )
ii) lim f ( x )
x +

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

6
) f ( x ) = 2007 .
6

3
z , w z w 0 :
z +w = z w .
:
) Re z w = 0 .

z
.
w

5
) z , w
, 0.
7
) f [a , ] 0 < a <
z = a + i f (a ) , w = f ( ) i

(a , ) .

x f ' (x ) = f (x )

g (x ) =

1 +t
x

d t t,x .

) g .
x
) :
g ( x ) x x 0
1+x2

) : g ( x ) + g ( x ) = 0 x .

4
7
6

 2007

)
g , xx x = 0, x = 1
1
= g (1 ) ln 2 ..
2
8

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

 2008

'
&

20
08

. f, g .

f, g
f(x) = g(x) ,

c , x :
f (x) = g(x) + c

f (x) = x, IN{0, 1}
IR :
f(x) = x1
5

z1 , z 2 .
() ():
. z1 z2
.
2
. : z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2

. : z 1 z 2 z 1 + z 2 z 1 + z 2

2
2

. z z1 = z z 2 z1 z 2
(z1) (z2).
2

 2008

F(x) = f(t) dt , f

.
() = 36 ..
:
. F(4) =

A
4

. F(10) =

10

20
08

. F(0) =

x > 0
x + ,
f f(x) =
( 1)x + 1, x 0

, IR

, f .

, f x0 = 0.
8

f 1-1.

= 1 = 2,

f(x) dx .

f f (x) = e1e , xIR .

x

i. .

4
ii. f (x) = (e 1) e
, f
.
5

1+ x e x

f.
6

f.

1
f (x), xx, yy x = ln .
2
6

 2008

4
f, g: IR IR x
:

f(t) dt 2 = x g(t) dt

(1)

g(x) 0 (2)

:
f x0 = 0 f (0) = 2g(0)

g(x) < 0 xIR

f(t) dt

f(t) dt xIR

6
5

H f (x) = 2g(x) + 2 (0, 1).

7

20
08

 2009

'
&

1
f x0
. f x0
, : f(x0) = 0
9

1. = x +
f +;
3

20
09

2. f [, ];
3
.

()
():
1. lim f ( x ) = l lim f ( x0 + h) = l
x x0

h0

2. 0<<1

lim a
x

= 0.

3. f [, ] f
f() f().
2

4. f g [,]
:

f ( x) g ( x)dx f ( x) g ( x)dx = [ f ( x) g ( x)]

5. f(x), f()=
x f 1-1.
2

 2009

2
z +

1
= 1, z C z1, z2 . :
z

z1z2 = 1 z13 =1.

B.

(z12009 + z22009) R.

z 18 +

4
4

20
09

A.

1
+1=0
z 2 10

f(x) [0,1]
f(0)-2=

z1 z 2
1
1 3
+
f(1)=
+

z2 z1
2 z1 2 z2 2

x0 (0,1), f(x0)=3x0 2.
.

w = 2z1 + 2z2 , z1
z2 , .
6

f(x) = x + 2 +2lnx .

.
6

f.

g ( x ) =

x ln x
x0 > 0 :
x+2

g(x) g(x0) x > 0.

x > 2 : f(x 2) < 2f(x + 1) f(x + 4).

6

 2009

4
f (0, +)
:
1
x

f( ) =

x +1
1
f(1) =
x
e
e

f(x) = xe -1/x.

1.

f(x) x = 1.
2

2.

g(x) =

f ( x)dx > e
2

f ( x)
, (t)
x3

Cg, xx x=1 x=t t> 1.

lim E(t) .
t +

5
3

20
09

2010

' .
&

1
f [, ]. G

B.1.
B.2.

f (t )dt = G ( ) G ( ) .

20
1

f [, ] ,

( 10)

f x0
.
( 3)

( x0 , f ( x0 )) f.
( 2)

.
)
)

z12 + z2 2 = 0 z1, z2 C z1 = z 2 = 0 .

g ( x) x0 lim g ( x ) = lim f ( y ) = l

lim f ( g ( x)) = l .

)
)

x x0

f [, ] f ( )

, f ( ) = 0 .
f
, f ( x ) > 0 .

x x0

f [ 2, 5] f ( x ) 0 [ 2, 5] ,

f ( x) dx 0 .

( 10)

2010

2
z, w z =

1 + 2w
w
1 w

(1,0) = 1.

z (0, 0)

= 1.
( 6)

z = 1 (1) z1, z2 , z3
(1) :
=

i)

z1 + z2 z2 + z3 z1 + z3
+
+
.
z3
z1
z2

z1+z2+z3=0 :

ii)

20
1

z
z
z
3
Re 1 + 2 + 3 =
z
z3 z1
2
2

( 7)

( 7)

(): 3x + 4 y 12 = 0 .
w ().

( 5)

f : (0, +) R , x > 0

x +1
f (1) = 0 .
e
+1
g ( x) = e x + x 1-1.

f ( x ) = ln x x > 0.

h ( x ) =

f ( x)

x f ( x) =

( 2)
( 6)

f ( x) 1

x

( 6)

2010

x x x x

x 0, .
=

e
e
2

( 5)

h x1, x2

x2 > x1 > 0

h ( x2 ) h ( x1 )
1
5 .
x2 x1
2e

( 6)

4
x

)
)

f : R R ,

20
1

f (t ) dt du 2 x 6 x R . :

f (t )dt = 2 .

( 7)

f (0, f (0))
4 x + y 3 = 0 lim

x0

x 1 f ( x) > 0 h ( x ) =

h( x)
x > 1 h ( x) >
.
x 1

f ( ) + 3 = 2 .

t 2 f (t ) dt x3
x4

( 5)

f (t )dt ,

(1,3)

( 7)

( 6)

 2011

'
&

11

,
, . :

.
.
.

20

, 






, 



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, ) ,



7

 


;
4
Rolle.

()
().
1.

.
3.

z   
 2 
.

   .


5.

2

f : A R g : B R ,

, o   .


4.



, 
.
2



 
 

 
  

 
 ,

,  , .
2

()

 2011

2
f : R R


4
 12"   " 1
 , xR.

R, 
= 1 .
i.

ii.
.

" 1.

.

lim



i.
ii.

&


5


0, 1
.
6

20

11

.
4

f : R R
:
1
2
).

* ,
2
2

ii.

0

1
1


0, 1 , :
x

 x
1

7

, ,


- 2   ,

IR.
i.

ii.

x

x
1, xR.

.

0

:

1

123




&

()

 2011

    - 1, IR.
    1;

: 0, 
0, 
.  - 0
z, :


 5 



 9 0.

6   5 

.
.



5 
6
  6 
8
 1,

 
; 
- 0,  - 0.

ii.




  ,  - 0.

.

.

4
5
4

(0, 
, ,
, < 0, 8
, 
<
1.
4

).

6

||

20

:.



11

()

 2001
1

2002

1
.
. ( . 335 . ).
.1. ( 224 - 225) . )
.2.

2
.

f(3) + f(8) + f(13) + f(18) =

= i3 z + i8 z + i13 z + i18 z =
= i2 i z + (i2)4 z + (i2)6 i z + (i2)9 z =
= (-1) i z + z + (-1)6 i z + (-1)9 z =
=-iz+z+iz-z=0

|z| = , Arg(z) = .
= 13 :
f(13) = i13 z = (i2)6 i z = (-1)6 i z = i z

z ,
:
z = |z| ( + i ) = ( + i)
(1)
i :

1 + i
2
2

(2)

f(13) = i z

f(13) = 1 + i [( + i )] =
2
2

= 1 + + i + =
2

= + + i +
2

=2 , =
2(

: z =
3

+ i ) , f(13) =iz. z ,
3
3

f(13) = iz
z

.
2

: Keystone

 2,

22
= 2 .
2

3
.
f x 1 , x 2 R g(x 1 ) = g(x 2 )

f (g(x1 ) ) = f (g(x 2 ) )
(f o g )(x 1 ) = (f o g )(x 2 ) (1)

f o g 1-1 (1) x 1 = x 2 .
:
x 1 , x 2 R g(x 1 ) = g(x 2 ) x 1 = x 2
g 1-1.
.
:

g f(x) + x 3 x = g (f(x) + 2x 1)

g 1-1 R, :

f(x) + x 3 x = f(x) + 2x 1
x 3 x = +2x 1
x 3 3x + 1 = 0

:
h(x) = x3 - 3x+1
, x R
H h :
h'(x) = 3x2 - 3 = 3(x2 - 1) = 3(x - 1)(x+1)
H h(x) :

: Keystone


h [-2, -1] . Bolzano, :

h [-2, -1]
h(-2)h(-1) = (-1)(+3) = -3 < 0
x 1 (2, 1) h(x1) = 0.
E h (-, -1] x1
(-, -1].

h(0) = 1 h(1) = -1.
h [0, 1]
h(0)h(1) = 1(-1) = -1 < 0
(0, 1) h(x) = 0 x2.
h [-1, 1],
[-1, 1].

h(1) = -1 h(2) = 3
h [1, 2]
h(1)h(2) = (-1)3 = -3 < 0
(1, 2) h(x) = 0 x3.
h [1, +),

[1, +).
:
x1<0
x1(-2, -1)
x2(0, 1) x2>0
x3(1, 2) x3>0
h(x) = 0 R.

: Keystone

 4
.

(x) = h(x) - g(x) x [, ]

(x) [, ] .
h(x) > g(x) x [,]
(x) > 0 x [,].
3 332 . :

(x) d x > 0

.i.

(h(x) - g(x))d x > 0

f(x)dx g(x)dx > 0

a

f R :

f(x) + f(x) e-f(x) = 1

f(x) [1 + e-f(x)] = 1

f' (x) =

.ii.

h(x) d x > g(x) d x .

f(x) - e-f(x) (-f(x) = 1

1
1 + e f(x)

, 1 + e-f(x) 0 x R

e f(x)
= f(x)
f' (x) =
1
1 + f(x) e + 1
e
1

x R.

f(0) = 0

x
< f(x) < x f(x) x > 0 :
2
1 f(x) f(0)
x
<
< f' (x) .
< f(x) -f(0) < x f(x)
2
2
x0
f [0,x] ...
(0,x):

f ' ( ) =

f(x) f(0)
.
x0

1
< f ( ) < f ( x)
2
e f (0 )
< f ( ) < f ( x )
1 + e f (0)
: Keystone

f(0) < f() < f(x), 0 < < x.

f [0, x].
f(x) :

e f ( x)
f ' ' ( x) =
f ( x)
1 + e
=

'

e f ( x ) f ( x ) (1 + e f ( x ) ) e f ( x ) e f ( x ) f ( x ) e f ( x ) f ( x)
=
=
=
2
2
1 + e f ( x)
1 + e f ( x)

e
2 f ( x)
1 + e f ( x) = e
2
1 + e f ( x)
1 + e f (x)

e f ( x)

f ( x)

> 0 x R.

f R [0,x].
.iii.
.ii. f(x) >

x
> 0 f
2

R [0,1],

E = f(x) d x .
0

x
, f(x), xf(x) R, )
2

x
< f(x) < xf(x) :
2

1
1
x
<
<
dx
f(x)dx
0 2 0
0 xf(x)dx
1

1
x2
1
< E < [xf(x)]0 0 f(x)dx
4 0

1
< E < f (1) E.
4
1
1

< E 2 < f(1) E <

f(1).
4
2
1
1

<E<
f(1).
4
2

: Keystone

 2003

1o
. : . 217
. : . 247
.
-
-
-
-
-

2o
. :

w = 3z i z + 4 = 3( + i ) i ( i ) + 4 = 3 + 3i i + 4 = (3 + 4) + (3 )i
Re(w) = 3 - + 4 Im(w) = 3 - 4.
. w (3-+4, 3-), , .
y = x - 12 :
3 - = 3 - + 4 - 12 4 - 4 = -8 - = -2 = - 2.
(,) z
y = x - 2.
. ,
(): y = x - 2,
(). :
= -1 : y = -x
:
y = x - 2, y = -x
x = 1, y = -1. (1,-1).
y = x - 2 z
= 1 - i.

: Keystone

 3
. f(x)=x5+x3+x 2 :
f(x) = (x5+x3+x) = 5x4+3x2+1
f(x) = (5x4+3x2+1)= 20x3+6x

f(x) = 5x4+3x2+1 > 0 x , f

.

f(x)=0 20x3+6x=0 2x(10x2+3)=0 x=0 10x2+3>0 x .

f :

(- , 0]

[0, + ).

f 1-1
f .

. f ( ).
f(ex) f(1+x) x , :
ex 1+x x .
, g(x)=ex-1-x ,
g(x)=ex-1. g(x)=0 ex-1=0 ex=1 x=0.
:

. g(0) = 0
g(x) g(0)=0 x ex-1-x 0 x :
ex 1+x x
. Cf (0,0)
y-f(0) = f(0) (x-0) y-0 = 1(x-0) y=x
. f
( ) f-1 ( . 155
. .) Cf-1 Cf y=x

. x[0,3] : x 0 f-1 (*),

f-1(x) f-1(0) f-1(x) 0. ( f-1(0) = 0 **)
3

: E =

( y )dy .

f-1(y)=x y=f(x).

(1)

(1) : dy=d[f(x)]=f(x)dx
: Keystone

x 5 + x 3 + x =3

f ( x )=3

y 0 x f ( x )= 0 x x 5 + x 3 + x = 0 x 0 (***),
1

E = x f ' ( x )dx = x ( x 5 + x 3 + x )' dx = (5x 5 + 3x 3 + x )dx = 5 x 5 dx + 3 x 3 dx + xdx =

0

x
x
x
1 1 25
1
= 5 + 3 + = 5 + 3 + =
..
6
4 2 12
6 0
4 0 2 0
3 :
(*) H f-1 ,
f
f()
f. ( , ,
. ,
).
(**) : f-1(0)=0. x=0 : f-1(0)=y f(f-1(0))=f(y)
0=f(y) 0=y5+y3+y y(y4+y2+1)=0 y=0.
(***)

x5+x3+x=3 x=1 f(x) 1-1

, y=3, Cf
.

x5+x3+x=0 x=0,
x(x4+x2+1)=0 x=0, x4+x2+1>0 x .

4
. f , f().f() < 0,
Bolzano x0
, f(x0) = 0.
. < f() > 0, f() < 0,
< < x0 < <.
i) [, ] :
f() = 0, f() > 0, f() < f()
< :

f () f ( )
>0

(1)

() f [,], 1 (,)
f( 1) ) =

f () f ( )
(1) f(1) > 0.

ii) , [,x0] :
f() > 0, f(x0) = 0 f() > f(x0) < x0 :

f ( ) f ( x 0 )
<0
x0
: Keystone

(2)

 f [,x0] 2 (,x0)

f( 2 ) =

f ( ) f (x 0 )
x0

(2) f(2) < 0.

iii) [x0, ] 3 (x0,)

f () f ( x 0 )
= f( 3 ) < 0
x0
iv) [,] 4 (,)

f ( ) f ( )
= f( 4 ) > 0

v) f(1) > 0, f(2) < 0 f(1) > f(2) 1 < 2, :

f (1 ) f (2 )
<0
1 2
f [1,2], 1 (1,2)

f(1 ) =

f (1 ) f (2 )
<0
1 2

vi) f(3) < 0, f(4) > 0, f(3) < f(4) 3 < 4

f (3 ) f ( 4 )
>0
3 4
f [3,4], 2 (3,4)

f( 2 ) =

f (3 ) f (4 )
>0
3 4

1, 2 (,) f(1) < 0 f(2) > 0.

. Bolzano f 1,
2 0
1, 2 f(0) = 0.
0 f
. .
4:
- f [,]
x1, x2 [,] x1 < x2 f(x1) f(x) f(x2)
x [,].
f (
f().f() < 0), f(x1) ,
f(x2) .
f (,) x1,x2,
. Fermat f(x1) = f(x2) = 0.
[x1,x2] f f
f(x1) = f(x2) fmax = fmin ,
f().f() < 0.
x3 (x1,x2) f(x3) > 0 f(x3) < 0. f(x3) > 0.

: Keystone

f [x1,x3], 1 (x1, x3) :

f(1 ) =

f (x 3 ) f (x 1 ) f (x 3 )
=
>0
x 3 x1
x 3 x1

f [x3, x2], 2 (x3, x2) :

f( 2 ) =

f (x 2 ) f (x 3 ) f (x 3 )
=
<0
x2 x3
x2 x3

f(x3) < 0 f(1) < 0, f(2) > 0.

: Keystone





2003
1
A. . G(x) = F(x) + c, c,
f ,
G(x) = [F(x) + c] = F(x) + c = f(x), x.
. G f . x F(x) =
f(x) G(x) = f(x), :
F(x) = G(x), x.
G(x) = F(x) + c, c, x.
x.
.

. f,
x = x0 lim f (x) , lim+ f (x) +
x x0

x x0

.
2
. z
z = 2 (0, 0), R = 2
z = x + yi, x, y x2 + y2 = 4.
Im(z) 0 y 0,

xx,
()
x2 + y2 = 4, y 0,
.

y
2
x

x
2

. , , z = + i, z 0 (, ) (0, 0) Im(z) 0,
> 0,
z = 2 2 + 2 = 4 ()
0 < 2 2 2.
w = x + yi, x, y . :
1
4
1
4
w = z + x + yi = + i +

2
+ i
2
z

 x + yi =

1
4( i)
+ i +

2
( + i)( i)

x + yi =

1
4( i)
+ i + 2

2
+ 2

1
4( i)
+ i +

2
4

1
x + yi = ( + i + i ) x + yi =
2
x =

, 2 2.
y = 0
w (2, 0)
(2, 0), xx.
(I)

x + yi =

 3
. f x > 0, :

lim f (x) = lim

x +

= lim

x +

x +1 x

x2 +1 x2

x +

x2 +1 + x

= lim

x +

(
= lim

x2 +1 x

x +

x2 +1 x2
1

x 1 + 2 + x
x

)(

x2 +1 + x

x2 +1 + x
=

x2 +1 x2
x2 +1 x2
= lim
= lim
=
x +
x +
1
1
2
x 1+ 2 + x
| x | 1+ 2 + x
x
x
2
2
x +1 x
1
= lim
= lim
=0,
x +
x +

1
1
x 1+ 2 + x
x 1 + 2 + 1
x
x

1
1
= 0 lim 1 + 2 + 1 = 2 .
x + x
x +
x

. x < 0, :

lim

x 2 1 + 2 x
f (x)
x +1 x
x
lim
= lim
= lim
=
x x
x
x

x
x
1
1
x2 1+ 2 x
| x | 1+ 2 x
x
x
= lim
= lim
=
x
x

x
x

1
1
x 1 + 2 + 1
x 1 + 2 x
x
x

= 2 ,
= lim
= lim
x
x
x
x
2

)=

lim [ f (x) + 2x ] = lim

= lim

x2 +1 x2

x +1 + x
2

(
= lim

x2 +1 + x

)(

x2 +1 x

x2 +1 x

)=

=0

1
x 1 + 2 + 1
x

1
1
lim
= 0 lim 1 + 2 + 1 = 2 .
x x
x
x

x +1 x

= lim

f
y = 2x.
.

1
x
f '(x) =
2x 1 =
1.
2
2 x +1
x2 +1
:

f '(x) x 2 + 1 = x x 2 + 1
f '(x) x 2 + 1 x + x 2 + 1 = 0
f '(x) x 2 + 1 + f (x) = 0 .
. x 0 f(x) > 0 x 2 + 1 x > 0 x 2 + 1 > x
x2 + 1 > x2 1 > 0, .
f(x) > 0 x 0, :
1
f '(x)
() f '(x) x 2 + 1 = f (x)
=
,
2
f (x)
x +1

1
1
f '(x)
1
dx
=
0 x 2 + 1
0 f (x) dx
1

0
1

0
1

dx = { ln[f (x)]} 'dx

x2 +1
0
1
1
dx = [ ln[f (x)]]0
2
x +1
1
dx = ln[f (1)] + ln[f (0)]
x2 +1
1
1
dx = ln( 2 1) = ln( 2 1) 1 = ln

2 1
x2 +1
1
x +1
2

dx = ln

2 +1

)(

2 1

2 +1

= ln

2 +1
2

2 1

4
. 1
f ,

= ln( 2 + 1) .

x2 +1 > x2

 x1, x2 f(x1) > 0 f(x2) < 0.

Bolzano f [x1, x2] ( x1 < x2)
[x2, x1] ( x1 > x2).
f [x1, x2] [x2, x1]
f(x1) f(x2) < 0
(x1, x2) (x2, x1) f() = 0, ,
f .
2
f f(x) 0, f(x) > 0
f(x) < 0, , f .
. x = 1 f(x) = f(2 x) :
f(1) = f(1) 2f(1) = 0 f(1) = 0,
, x = 1 f(x) = 0.
f ,
x = 1 .
. g , Af = Af = f(x) 0 , x.
Cg xx (1, 0), :
g(x) = 0 f(x) = 0 x = 1 ( ).
x 1, :
f (x)
0
f (x) 1
g(x) g(1)
f '(x)
g '(1) = lim
= lim
= lim

=
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1 f '(x)
x 1
x 1

f (x) f (1) 1 f ' 1

1

= lim

======== f '(1)
= 1 = ,

x 1
f '(x)
f '(1)
4
x 1
, Cf (1, 0) 45 xx.

 2004
1
.

(Fermat) . 260 . .

. 213 . .

(*) 1
f
( a, x0 ) ( x0 , ) . ,
.

lim f ( x ) = lim + f ( x ) = l lim f ( x ) = l ,

x x0

x x0

x x0

f ( a, x0 ) ( x0 , ) .
, .

1
.

x>0. A f = (0,+ ) .
H f

(0,+ )

f ' ( x ) = ( x 2 ln x ) ' = ( x 2 ) ' ln x + x 2 (ln x ) ' =

1
= 2 x ln x + x 2 = 2 x ln x + x = x (2 ln x + 1)
x
:

f ' (x) = 0 x (2 ln x + 1) = 0 . :
x=0 A f = (0,+ )

2 ln x + 1 = 0 ln x =

1
x=e 2.
2

f :

: Keystone

 (0, e
f (x) <0 (0, e

1
2

] , (0, e ]

).

[e

f (x) >0 ( e

1
2

1
2

1
2 2

f (e ) = ( e ) ln e
.

1
2

1
2

,+) , [e ,+)

,+) .

x = e

1
2

1
2

1
1
= e 1 =
2
2e

(0,+)

f ' ' ( x ) = (2 x ln x + x ) ' = 2 ln x + 2 + 1 = 2 ln x + 3 .

f ' ' (x) = 0 2 ln x + 3 = 0 ln x =

3
2

3
2 2

3
x=e 2
2

3
2

3
3
f ( e ) = ( e ) ln( e ) = e 3 = 3 .
2
2e

f :
(0, e
[e

3
2

,+ ) .

( e
.

3
2

3
).
2e3

lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ x 2 ln x = lim+

xo

xo

x o

ln x ( De L ' Hospital )
=
1
x2

1
x4
x2
x
= lim+
= lim+
= lim
=0.
2 x x o + 2 x 2
xo
x o 2
4
x

: Keystone

lim f ( x ) = lim x 2 ln x = + .

x +

x +

f (0, e

1
2

] ,

1
f (0, e ] = [ ,0) .
2e

f [e

1
2

,+ )

1
f [e ,+) = [ ,+) .
2e

f f ((0,+) ) = [

1
1
1
,0) [ ,+ ) = [ ,+ ) .
2e
2e
2e

, ,
.

3
.

f R, g R
. g
R.

g 0, R 0, R
2
2

g' (x) = e x f(x) + e x f ' (x) .

g(0) = e0 f(0) = 0
3
3
g(0) = g .
3
3
2
g = e f = 0
2
2
2

Rolle

J =  H I + H I =  H (I) + I  =  .

3
0,
2

e 0 0,
f() = -f().
.

3

2

f(x) = 2x2 - 3x
()=

g(x)dx = e (2x

] [

( )(

3x dx = e x 2x 2 3x dx =

= e x (2x 2 3x ) e x (2x 2 3x) ' dx =

0

= e x (2x 2 3x ) e x (4x 3)dx = e x (2x 2 3x ) (e x ) (4x 3)dx =

0

= e x (2x 2 3x ) e x (4x 3) + e x (4x 3) ' dx =

0

: Keystone

[ (

)] [e (4x 3)] +

[ (

)] [e (4x 3)]

[ ]

= e x 2x 2 3x

= e x 2x 2 3x

e x 4dx =

+ 4 ex

= e 2 2 3 e 0 (3) + e (4 3) + 4e 0 4e =

= e 2 2 3 + 3 + e (4 3) + 4 4e = 7 + e 4 - 3 - 2 2 + 3 4 =

= 7 + e - 2 2 + 7 7 .

() = 7 + e - 2 + 7 7 , R .
.

< 0 , () = 7 + e a 2 + 2 .
a a

2 +
2
2

2
lim e = lim
= lim
= lim = 0

1
e
e

e
7 7

lim 2 + 2 = 2

lim () = 7 + 0(2) = 7 .

4
.

g(x) :
x3

g ( x ) = z f (t )dt 3 z +
1

1
( x 1) .
z
x

f R, (x)=

f (t )dt

.
3
, h( x ) = x R .
F ( x ) =

x3

f (t )dt = (h (x )) R

h R,
F ' ( x ) = f ( x 3 ) 3x 2 = 3x 2 f ( x 3 ) .

1
( x 1) R
z
1
l' ( x ) = 3 z + .
z

l ( x ) = 3 z +

g ' ( x ) = 3x 2 z f ( x 3 ) 3 z +

: Keystone

1
.
z
7

g ( x ) 0 x R g(1)=0, :

g ( x ) g (1) x R .
g x0=1
. Fermat g(1)=0.

g(1)= 3 z f (1) 3 z +

g(1)= 3 z 3 z +

1
z

f(1)=1

1
.
z

g(1)=0, z = z +

1
.
z
2

1
1
1
1
2
z = z + , z = z +
z z = ( z + ) (z + )
z
z
z
z
z z
1
0 = z 2 + z 2 + 1 z 2 + z 2 = 1
zz = zz + + +
z z zz
_
1
z 2 + z 2 = 1 2 Re( z 2 ) = 1 Re( z 2 ) = .
2

z 2 = ( a + i ) 2 = 2 2 + 2 i

Re( z 2 ) = a 2 2

1
1
a 2 2 = ( ) ( + ) = .
2
2

>

+ < 0 , < < 0 .

f R [2,3] :
f(2)=>0 f(3)=<0, f(2)f(3) <0.
, Bolzano f [2,3],
x0 (a, ) f ( x0 ) = 0 .

: Keystone





2004

1
A. x1, x2
f(x1) = f(x2).
:
x1 = x2, f(x1) = f(x2).
x1 < x2, [x1, x2] f
, (x1, x2)
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
.
x 2 x1
, f() = 0
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
= 0 f(x1) = f(x2).
x 2 x1
x2 < x1, [x2, x1] f
f '() =

, (x1, x2)
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
.
x 2 x1
, f() = 0
f (x 2 ) f (x1 )
= 0 f(x1) = f(x2).
x 2 x1
f(x1) = f(x2).
.

. f, (, )
(, ).
f, [, ] (, )
lim+ f (x) = f () lim f (x) = f () .
f '() =

2
. f , 2x,
mx, 4x, 5x ( x, > 0)
f(x) = 2xln2 + mxlnm 4xln4 5xln5.
f(x) 0 f(x) f(0), x,
f
0 , Fermat, :
f(0) = 0 20ln2 + m0lnm 40ln4 50ln5 = 0
2m
ln2 + lnm ln4 ln5 = 0 ln
= ln1
45

2m
= 1 2m = 20 m = 10.
20
. m = 10, f(x) 0,
f, xx x = 0, x = 1 :

2x
10 x
4x
5x
E = f (x)dx = [2 + 10 4 5 ]dx =
+

=
ln 2 ln10 ln 4 ln 5 0
0
0
1

21
101
41
51 20
100
40
50
=
+

=
ln 2 ln10 ln 4 ln 5 ln 2 ln10 ln 4 ln 5
2
10
4
5
1
1
1
1
=
+

+
+
=
ln 2 ln10 ln 4 ln 5 ln 2 ln10 ln 4 ln 5
9
3
4
1
=
+

..
ln 2 ln10 ln 4 ln 5

 3
. z = x + iy, x, y |x| > |y|.
z 0 (x, y) (0, 0), :
1
1
z + = f () x + yi +
= f ()
z
x + yi
x yi
x + yi +
= f ( )
(x + yi)(x yi)
x

x+ 2
= f () (I)

x + y2
x yi

x + yi + 2
= f ( )
.
x + y2
y y =0
(II)

x 2 + y2

1
() y 1 2
=0
2
x +y
1
y = 0 1 2
=0
x + y2
Imz = 0 () x2 + y2 = 1
|z|2 = 1 |z| = 1.
1
. z + = f () :
z
2

1
1
1

2
2
2
z + = f ( ) z + 2 + 2 z = f ( )
z
z
z

1
z 2 + 2 + 2 = f 2 ( )
z
1
z 2 + 2 = f 2 () , :
z
f 2 () + 2 = f 2 () , f 2 () < f 2 () .

. g(x) = x3f() + f() , x[1, 1].

Bolzano g [1, 1]
g [1, 1]
g(1)g(1)= [f() + f()][f() + f()] =
= f2() f2() < 0,
g(x) = 0 (1, 1), x3f() +
f() = 0 (1, 1).

4
1
2

. 2xf (2xt)dt ,
0

u = 2xt, du = 2xdt
1
2

2xf (2xt)dt = f (u)du ,

1
2

x2
f (x) =
+ f (u)du ()
2 0

f (0, +)

x2
2

()

f (u)du

( f [0, +)

f (u)du , x 0, ).
0

. () :
f(x) = x + f(x) f(x) f(x) = x
exf(x) exf(x) = exx [exf(x)]= exx,

e x f (x) = e x xdx e x f (x) = (e x ) ' xdx

e x f (x) = e x x (e x )dx + c1 , c1
e x f (x) = e x x + (e x ) + c1 + c 2 , c1, c2
e x f (x) = e x x e x + c , c = c1 + c2
f (x) = x 1 + c e x , c ()
0

02
() x = 0 f (0) = + f (u)du = 0 , ()
2 0
:
f (0) = 0 1 + c e0 0 = 1 + c c = 1 .

: f (x) = e x (x + 1) .
f (x) = e x (x + 1) .
:
2

1
2

1
2

x
x
+ 2xf (2xt)dt =
+ 2x e 2xt (2xt + 1) dt =
2 0
2 0
1

2
e2xt
2
x2
x2
=
+ 2x ( e 2xt 2xt 1) dt =
+ 2x
xt 2 t =
2
2
2x
0
0

2x 12

2
2x 0
x2
e
1 1 e
2

=
+ 2x
x
+ x 0 + 0 =
2x

2
2
2
2x

2
ex x 1 1 x 2
x2
2x
x
=
+ 2x

=
+
e

x 1 =

2
4
2x 4 2 2x 2
2

x2
2x
=
+ ex
x 1 = e x x 1 = f (x) .
2
4
. x = 0 f, f(0) = 0.
f [0, +) f(x) = ex 1.

 f(x) > 0 x > 0,

f [0, +),
f(x) [0, +),
x = 0 f(x) [0, +).
. f .
x < 0, : lim f (x) = lim [e x (x + 1)] = + ,
x

lim e = 0 lim (x + 1) = .
x

x +1
x > 0, : lim f (x) = lim e x 1 x = + , lim e x = +
x +
x +
x +
e

x + 1 De L' Hospital
1
lim x ======== lim x = 0 .
x + e
x + e

 2005
1
.1. .
f,
[, ]. :
f [, ]
f() f()
, f() f() , x0
(, ) f(x0) =
.2.

y = x + f
+, lim [ f ( x ) (x + )] = 0 .
x +

.
,

2
. z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 3 :
2

z1 = 3 z 1 = 9 z 1 z 1 = 9 z 1 =

9
.
z1

. (*) :

z1 z 2 z1 z 2
+
=
+ .
z 2 z1 z 2 z1
9
9
9
z1 = , z 2 = , z 3 =
z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 3 .
z1
z2
z3
z
z1
z
z
+ 2 = 1 + 2
z2
z
z
z1
1 2

9
9
z
z
z
z
z
z
1 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 2 + 1 .
9
9
z 2 z1
z1 z 2
z2
z1
* z = z z IR
z = + i z = i z z = 2 i (1) .

: Keystone

(1)

z = z = 0 z IR
. '
:
z1 + z 2 + z 3 = z 1 + z 2 + z 3 = z1 + z 2 + z 3 =

=9

z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
z1 z 2 z 3

=9

z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
27

z z + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
9
9
9
1
1
1
+
+
=9 +
+
=9 1 2
=
z1 z 2 z 3
z1 z 2 z 3
z1 z 2 z 3

1
z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1 .
3

'
:
1
2
z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1
9
1
( z1 + z 2 + z3 )( z1 + z 2 + z 3 ) = ( z1 z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z3 z1 )( z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1 )
9
1
( z1 + z 2 + z3 )( z1 + z 2 + z3 ) = ( z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1 )( z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1 )
9
81
9 9 9 1
81
81

( z1 + z 2 + z3 ) + + = ( z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1 )
+
+
z1 z 2 z 2 z 3 z3 z1
z1 z 2 z 3 9
2

z1 + z 2 + z3 =

1
1 1 1 81
1
1

9( z1 + z 2 + z3 ) + + = ( z1 z 2 + z 2 z3 + z3 z1 )
+
+
z
z
z
9
z
z
z
z
z
z
2
3
2 3
3 1
1 2
1

z
z
z z
z z
z z
z z
z
z
z
z
zz
zz
1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 1 + 1 2 + 1 2 + 2 3 + 1 + 2 3 + 3 1 + 3 1 + 1
z 2 z 3 z1
z 3 z1 z 2
z 2 z 3 z 3 z1 z1 z 2
z 3 z1 z1 z 2 z 2 z 3

z1 z1 z 2 z 2 z3 z3 z1 z 2 z3 z2 z3 z1 .
+ + + + +
= + + + + +
z 2 z3 z1 z3 z1 z 2 z3 z3 z1 z1 z 2 z 2

, .

3
. H f ' ,
f (x) = (e x) = e x (x) = e x, x .
> 0, e x > 0 x , f (x) > 0 x . f
.
. (x0, f (x0)) .

(): y f(x 0 ) = f(x 0 )(x x 0 ) y e x0 = e x 0 (x x 0 ) .
() :

: Keystone

0 e x 0 = e x0 (0 x 0 ) 1 = (x 0 ) x 0 =

() :
y e = e(x

1
) y = ex .

1
.

: M( , e) .
.
y
e
B(0,1)
x'

()
M( 1 ,e)

A( 1 ,0)

y'

:
1

1 1
e
1
1
e
2e 2 e e 2
1

(OAMB) (OAM) = e dx e = e x
= e
=
=
.
2

2
2
2

0
0

H
( 

 = H  = H 
.
.
=
 +
 +
 +
 + 


> 0 :
1 2 + 3
1 1 1 2 + 3 0 <
.

1
3
lim = lim = 0 ,
+
+


2 +
2 +
lim
= 0 ,
> 0.
+

e2
1
> 0
= +
lim
+ 2 +
2

2
E()
= + .
lim
+ 2 +


:
()
:
f (x) = ex f (x) = ex f (x) = 2ex > 0 x .

: Keystone

 f f
,
. ( . 274 ).
f (x) ex f (x) ex 0 x .
1
g (x) = f (x) ex 0,

:
1

1
ex 2
e2
() = (f(x) ex)dx = (e x ex)dx = e x
=K=
.

2 0
2

0
0

4
. 2 f ( x ) = e x f ( x ) x :
ex
2 f ( x ) =

f ( x)
e
2 f ( x )e f ( x ) = e x
1
f ( x )e f ( x ) = e x
2
1
(e f ( x) ) = 2 e x

(e )

ex
=
2

e f (x) =

ex
+ C , C .
2

f (x)

e0
+C
2
f(0) = 0 :

x = 0 : e f ( 0 ) =
e0 =

e0
1
1
+C 1= +C C = .
2
2
2

ex 1
ex +1
+ e f ( x) =
.
2 2
2
e x + 1
.
: f ( x ) = ln
2

: e f ( x ) =

. x t = u.
du = dt.
t = 0 u = x, t = x u = 0.
:
x

f ( x t )dt = f (u )du = f (u )du

: Keystone

lim

f ( x t )dt

= lim

x0

f (u)du
0

x 0

.
x

f (u )du

f ,

f (u )du = f ( x ) .

f (u )du ' .

f (u )du
0
f
u
du
(
)

0
= lim f ( x ) = f (0) = f (0) = 0 .
= lim 0
: lim 0
x0
x

0
x 0 x
0
x
(x )
( f , ' .)
x

h(x) =

t 2005 f(t)dt =

t 2005 f(t)dt +

t 2005 f(t)dt =

t 2005 f(t)dt

2005

f(t)dt .

(t) = t2005 f (t) h (x) :

x

h(x) =

(t)dt .

(t)dt

(t) = t2005 f (t) , (x) = (t)dt

(x) = (x) = x

2005

f (x),

(x) =

(t)dt

x, (x), ( (x)) = ( x)( x)= (x).

h (x) = ( (x) (x))= (x) + (x) = x2005f (x) + (x)2005f ( x) =

= x 2005

1 + e
ln
2

= x 2005

1 + ex
ln

1
1 + x
e

g( x) =

x 2005 ln 1 + e

= x 2005

1 + ex

2
ln
1 + e x

x
= x 2005 ln 1 + e

1 + e x

x
x
= x 2005 ln e (1 + e ) = x 2005 lne x = x 2005 x = x 2006 .

(e + 1)

x 2007
x 2006
g( x) = 2007
= x 2006 .
2007
2007

h (x) = g (x) x h (x) = g (x) + c, c .

x = 0 h (0) = g (0) = 0, c = 0.
h (x) = g (x) x .

: Keystone

t 2005 f (t )dt =

1

2008

x 2007
1
=
2008x2007 2007 = 0
2007 2008

P (x) = 2008x2007 2007, x [0, 1].
P , [0, 1] .
P (0) = 2007 < 0 ' P (1) = 1 > 0
, Bolzano x0 (0, 1)
P (x0) = 0.
P (x) , [0, 1]
P (x) = 2008 2007x2006.
P (x) > 0 x (0, 1) P (0, 1).
P (x) = 0 (0, 1).

: Keystone





2005

1
A1. x0(0, +) x x0, :
f (x) f (x 0 )
=
x x0
2

x x0

( x x0 ) (

x x0
x x0

x + x0

x x0

( x x0 ) (

)(

x + x0
x + x0

x x0

( x x0 ) (

x + x0

)=

1
,
x + x0

x x0, :
f (x) f (x 0 )
1
1
lim
= lim
=
,
x x0
x x0
x x0
x + x0 2 x0
, ( x ) ' =

1
2 x

, x(0, +).
x1, x2 x1 x2

2. f: 1 1
.

f(x1) f(x2).

2
. z1 = x1 + i y1 , z 2 = x 2 + i y 2 , x1, y1, x2, y2.
:
z1 + z 2 = 4 + 4i
x + iy1 + x 2 + iy2 = 4 + 4i
1

___

2x
+
2iy

x
+
iy
=
5
+
5i

1
1
2
2
2z

z
=
5
+
5i
1 2
x1 + x 2 = 4
x1 + x 2 = 4

2x x = 5
2x x + x + x = 5 + 4

2
2
1
2
1
1

y
+
y
=
4
y
+
y
=
4
2
1
2
1

2y1 + y 2 = 5
2y1 + y 2 y1 y2 = 5 4
x 2 = 4 x1
x2 = 1
3x = 9
x = 3

1
.
y
=
4

y
y
=
3
2
1
2

y1 = 1
y1 = 1
: z1 = 3 + i , z 2 = 1 + 3i .
. z, w
(1, R1), (2, R2)
1(1, 3), R 1 = 2 , 2(3, 1), R 2 = 2 .
i. :

(K1K 2 ) = (2)2 + 22 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 = R1 + R 2 ,
, ,
, z, w z = w.
ii. 1
z w
(1, R1), (K2, R2).
z w

2R1 + 2R 2 = 2 2 + 2 2 = 4 2 .
2
A z w = z 1 3i + 1 + 3i w + 3 + i 3 i
z w = (z 1 3i) (w 3 i) 2 + 2i .
:
z w (z 1 3i) + (w 3 i) + 2 + 2i
2 + 2 + (2)2 + 22 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 4 2 .

3
. x1 x2.
M T f [x1, x2] ( x1 < x2)
[x2, x1] ( x1 > x2)
f [x1, x2] [x2, x1] ,
,
f (x1, x2) (x2, x1) ,
,
f (x1 ) f (x 2 )
(x1, x2) (x2, x1) f '() =
()
x1 x 2
f(x) 0,
() f(x1) f(x2),
f 1 1.
. (1, 2.005)Cf f(1) = 2.005 f1(2.005) = 1.
B(2, 1)Cf f(2) = 1 f1(1) = 2.
:
f1(2.004 + f(x2 8)) = 2
f(f1(2.004 + f(x2 8))) = f(2)
2.004 + f(x2 8) = 1 f(x2 8) = 2.005
f(x2 8) = f(1)
f 1 1,
x2 8 = 1 x2 = 9 x = 3.
.
f [2, 1]
f [2, 1], ,
f (2, 1), ,

(2,

1)

f '() =

f (1) f (2)
1 (2)

2.005 1 2.004
=
= 668 .
3
3
f (, f()) f '() = 668 ,
1
() =
,
668
,
1
f '() = 668
= 1 .
668
f '() =

f (x) x
f(x) = x2g(x) + x, x 0.
2
x
x 0, :
lim f (x) = lim x 2 g(x) + x = 0

. i. g(x) =

x 0

x 0

f , 0,
: f (0) = lim f (x) = 0 .
x 0

ii. x 0, :
f (x) f (0)
x 2 g(x) + x 0
lim
= lim
= lim[x g(x) + 1] = 1 ,
x 0
x 0
x 0
x0
x
f(0) = 1.
. x 0, :
f 2 (x)
2
x

1
+

x2
x 2 + f 2 (x)

lim
= 3 lim
=3
x 0 2x 2 + f 2 (x)
x 0
f 2 (x)
2
x 2 + 2
x

f (x)
1+

1 + 12
1+
x

lim
=3
=3
=3
2
2
x 0
2 +1
3
f (x)
2+

x
1 + = 9 = 8,
f (x)
.ii. : lim
=1.
x 0 x
. i. g(x) = exf(x), x.
g ex [
ex () x ()] f(x) :
g(x) = exf(x) exf(x) = ex[f(x) f(x)] > 0,
g .
:
x>0
x<0
g(x) > g(0)
g(x) < g(0)
exf(x) > 0
exf(x) < 0

f(x) > 0
f(x) < 0
xf(x) > 0
xf(x) > 0
xf(x) > 0 x 0.
ii. :
h, g [, ]

h(x) > g(x), x[, ], : h(x)dx > g(x)dx .

k(x) = h(x) g(x), x[, ].

k(x) > 0, x[, ], :

k(x)dx > 0 [h(x) g(x)]dx > 0

h(x)dx g(x)dx > 0 h(x)dx > g(x)dx .

f(x) > f(x), :
1

f '(x)dx > f (x)dx

[ f (x) ]0 > f (x)dx

1

f (1) f (0) > f (x)dx f (1) > f (x)dx .

 2006
1
.1
.2
.

. . . 253
. . . 273

2
. f ( x) = 2 + (x 2) 2 , x 2
f [2,+ ) f ' ( x) = 2( x 2) > 0 x (2,+ ) .
f [2,+ )
1-1.
. f 1-1 f-1 f
f-1 : f(A) R.
f = [2,+ )
f ( A) = f (2), lim f ( x) = [2,+ )

x +

y = f(x) y = 2 + (x - 2)2 y - 2 = (x - 2)2.

x - 2 0, y - 2 0, x 2 =
x = 2 + y 2,

x [2,+ ),

f 1 ( y ) = 2 + y 2 ,
f

y 2 , x [2,+),

y [2,+)

y [2,+ )

y [2,+ ) .

( x) = 2 + x 2 , x [2,+) .

: Keystone

. i)
y = f (x )

y = x
(x 2) 2 = x 2
2 + ( x 2) 2 = x
y = 2 + (x 2) 2
x = 2

y = 2

y = x
y = x
y = x

x = 3

y = 3

y = 2 + x 2
y = f 1 (x )

y = x

y = x
x 2 = x 2
y = 2 + x 2
x 2 = (x 1) 2
2 + x 2 = x

y = x
y = x
y = x
y = x
x = 2 x = 3
.

y = 2 y = 3

f f-1 y = x
(2,2), (3,3).
ii)
f f-1
.
f ( x ) f 1 (x ) = [2 + ( x 2) 2 ] [2 +

x 2 ] = ( x 2) 2

x2 =

x 2 x 2 1

f ( x) f 1 ( x) = 0 x 2 = 0
x 2 =1 x = 2 x = 3.
(2,2), (3,3).
2 x 3 0 x - 2 1
x 2 1

x 2 1
x2 0

x 2 1 0 .

x [2,3].

f(x) - f-1 (x) 0 x [2,3].

3

E =

(f
2

(x ) f (x ) dx =

(
3

x 2 (x 2) 2 dx =

: Keystone

1
..
3

 3
.i z1 + z 2 + z 3 = 0 z1 = z 2 z 3 (1).
z1 z 2 = z 3 z1 (2).
(2) (1) :
z 2 z3 z 2 = z3 + z 2 + z3
2z 2 + z 3 = 2z 3 + z 2
2z 2 + z 3

= 2z 3 + z 2

(2 z 2 + z 3 )(2 z 2 + z 3 ) = (2 z 3 + z 2 )(2 z 3 + z 2 )
(2 z 2 + z 3 )(2 z 2 + z 3 ) = (2 z 3 + z 2 )(2 z 3 + z 2 )
4z 2 z 2 + 2z 2 z 3 + 2z 3 z 2 + z 3 z 3 = 4z 3 z 3 + 2z 3 z 2 + 2z 2 z 3 + z 2 z 2
3z 2 z 2 = 3z 3 z 3
z 2 z 2 = z3 z3
z2

= z3

z 2 = z3 .

, (2).
z 3 z1 = z 2 z 3 (3).
(2) (3) z1 z 2 = z 2 z 3 .
z1 z 2 = z 3 z1 = z 2 z 3 .
.ii :
z1 z 2 = z1 + ( z 2 ) z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 = 1 + 1+ = 2
z1 z 2 2 .
z1 z 2
:

4.
z1 z 2

(z1 z 2 )(z1 z 2 ) 4
(z1 z 2 )(z1 z 2 ) 4
z 1 z1 z 1 z 2 z 2 z1 + z 2 z 2 4
z1

+ z2

(z1 z 2 + z1 z 2 ) 4

1 + 1 (z1 z 2 + z1 z 2 ) 4
z1 z 2 + z1 z 2 2
z1 z 2 + z1 z 2 2
2 Re( z1 z 2 ) 2
Re( z1 z 2 ) 1.

. z1 = z 2 = z 3 = 1
A( z1 ), B( z 2 ), ( z 3 ) (0, 0)

: Keystone

 = 1. .
z1 z 2 = z 3 z1 = z 2 z 3
A( z1 ), B( z 2 ), ( z 3 )
.

4
. x > 0 x 1 . A f = (0,1) (1,+ ) .
f f ,
2
1
f ' ( x) =
+ < 0 x A f .
2
x
( x 1)
f
(0, 1) (1, +).
lim+ f (x) = + , lim f ( x) = f
x 0

x 1

(0, 1) f ((0,1)) = .
lim f ( x) = + , lim f ( x) = f
x 1+

x +

(1, +), f ((1,+))

+ = .
f f ((0,1) (1,+ )) = .
. f ((0,1)) = O f ((0,1)) x1 (0,1) f (x1 ) = 0 .
(0,1), f 11.
f ((1,+)) = O f ((1 + )) x 2 (1,+)
f (x 2 ) = 0 .
(1,+ ), f
1-1.
f 2 .
. g ( x) = ln x
A( , ln ) , >0 :
1
y = x 1 + ln a (1)

f ( x) = e x
B ( , e ) , :
y = e x + e e (2).
(1), (2)
1
= e = ln (1) ln 1 = e e (2)

(2) :

: Keystone

ln 1 =

+ ln

ln = 1 + ln
1 = (ln )(1 )

+1
= ln
1
.
+1
ln = 0 f ( ) = 0
1
.
4 g(x), h(x)
(, ln) (, e) :
= ln
f() = 0

f(x) = 0 1 (0,1) 2 (1,+)

( 1 ) : y = 1 x 1 + ln 1
1
( 2 ) : y = 1 x 1 + ln 2 .
2
()
1 1

.
,
1 2

1
1
(1,+), (0,1) .
2

: Keystone





2006
1
A1. f(x) = x, x.
x h 0, :
f (x + h) f (x) (x + h) x
=
=
h
h
x h x h x x (h 1) x h
=
=
=
h
h
= x

h 1
h
,
x
h
h

f (x + h) f (x)
h 1
h

lim
= lim x
x
=
h 0
h 0
h
h
h

h 1
h
= x lim
x lim
= x 0 x 1 = x
h 0
h 0 h
h
(x) = x, x.
2. f
F F(x) = f(x) ,
x.
.

2
. f 1 + ex
[ 1 () ex ()] , 1 + ex+1
[ 1 () ex+1 ( ex x + 1)],

e x (1 + e x +1 ) (1 + e x ) e x +1
f '(x) =
=
(1 + e x +1 )2

e x + e x e x +1 e x +1 e x e x +1 e x e x +1
=
(1 + e x +1 )2
(1 + e x +1 )2

x < x + 1 ex < ex + 1 (1 + ex+1)2 > 0,

f(x) < 0,
, f .
1
.
dx u = ex ,
f (x)
du
du = exdx dx =
:
u
=

1
1 + e x +1
1 + e u du
1+ e u
dx
=
f (x)
1 + ex dx = 1 + u u = u(1 + u) du ()
, :
1+ e u A
B
A(1 + u) + Bu A + u(A + B)
= +
=
=
,
u(1 + u) u 1 + u
u(1 + u)
u(1 + u)

A =1
A =1

A + B = e
B = e 1
() :
1
1 e 1
f (x) dx = u + u + 1 du
1

dx = ln | u | + (e 1) ln | u + 1| +c , c.
f (x)
. x < 0 f :
5x > 6x, f(5x) < f(6x) (II)
7x > 8x, f(7x) < f(8x) (III)
() () :
f(5x) + f(7x) < f(6x) + f(8x).

 3
. (4 z)10 = z10 :
(4 z)10 = z10 4 z

10

=z

10

4 z = z ()

z = x + iy, x, y, () :

4 x iy = x +iy

(4 x) 2 + ( y)2 = x 2 + y 2

(4 x) 2 + ( y) 2 = x 2 + y 2 16 8x + x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 16 8x = 0
16 8x = 0 16 = 8x x = 2.
z
x = 2.
. i. H f ,
f(x) = 2x + 1.
:
f(2) = 22 + 2 + = 6 + f(2) = 22 + 1 = 5.
(2, f(2)) :
y f(2) = f(2)(x 2)
y (6 + ) = 5(x 2) y 6 = 5x 10
y = 5x + 6 + 10 y = 5x + 4 ()
(0, 3) yy, :
3 = 50 4 + 3 = 4 + = 1,
:
y = 5x + 1 4 y = 5x 3.
ii. f(x) = 2x + 1 f(x) = 2 > 0, f , f(x) 5x
3. :
2

3
5

3
5

E = [f (x) (5x 3)]dx = (x 2 + x + 1 5x + 3)dx =

2

x3

x2
= (x 4x + 4)dx = 4 + 4x =
2
3
3
3
2

2
3
5
3
2

= 22 + 42
2 + 4 =
3
3
5
5

8
27
9
3
8
27
18 12

= 8+8
2 + 4 =
+ =
3
25
5 3 375 25 5
375
1.000 27 270 900 343
=

=
..
375 375 375 375 375
3

4
1
, x(0, +).
x
H g (0, +),

. i. g(x) = ln(x + 1) ln x

 ln(x + 1) [ x +
1
1 (), lnx ()], lnx ( ),
( ),
x
1
1 1 x 2 x(x + 1) + x + 1
g '(x) =
+ 2 =

x +1 x x
x 2 (x + 1)
2
2
g '(x) = x x2 x + x + 1 =

x (x + 1)

1
.
x (x + 1)
2

g(x) > 0 x > 0,

g (0, +),

g(A) = lim+ g(x), lim g(x) .

x 0

x +

x +1 1
lim g(x) = lim ln(x + 1) ln x = lim ln
=
x +
x +
x x +
x
x

1 1
= lim ln 1 + = 0 ,
x +
x x

1
1
= 0 lim 1 + = 1 .
x
+
x
x
1

lim+ g(x) = lim+ ln(x + 1) ln x = ,

x 0
x 0
x
1
x ln x + 1

lim+ ln x + = lim+
= +
x 0
x

0
x
x
ln x
lim+ (x ln x) = lim+
=
x 0
x 0
1
x
1
De L' Hospital
x 2
======= lim+ x = lim+
= lim+ ( x) = 0 .
x 0
1 x 0 x
x 0
2
x
g(A) = (, 0),
1
g(x) < 0 ln(x + 1) ln x < .
x
ii. H f (0, +),
xln(x + 1) [
x (), ln(x + 1) ( ), (x + 1)lnx [
x + 1 (), lnx ( )],
x
x +1
f '(x) = ln(x + 1) +
ln x
=
x +1
x

lim

x +

x
x 1
x
1
= ln(x + 1) ln x +
1 =
x +1 x x
x +1
x
1 x x 1
1
.
= ln(x + 1) ln x +
= g(x)
x
x +1
x +1
= ln(x + 1) ln x +

x > 0 f(x) < 0,

1
<0,
x +1
f (0, +).
. x > 0, :
1
ln 1 + De L' Hospital

x
1
lim x ln 1 + = lim
=======
x +
1
x x +

x
1 1

1 2

1+ x

1
x
= lim
= lim
=1.
x +
x +
1
1

2
1+
x

g(x) < 0

. (0, +), :
( + 1) = +1 ln( + 1) = ln +1
ln( + 1) = ( + 1) ln
ln( + 1) ( + 1) ln = 0 f ( ) = 0 .
f (0, +),
(0, +).

f (A) = lim f (x), lim+ f (x) = (, +) ,

x +

x 0

lim f (x) = lim+ [ x ln(x + 1) (x + 1) ln x ] = +

x 0+

x 0

x +

x +

lim f (x) = lim [ x ln(x + 1) (x + 1) ln x ] =

x +1

= lim [ x ln(x + 1) x ln x ln x ] = lim x ln

ln x =
x +
x +
x

( )

1
= lim x ln 1 + ln x === .
x +
x

0f(A) f ,
(0, +).

 2007
1
.1
.2
.3

, 98 . .
- , 141 . .
- , 280 . .

2
.

z=

2 + i
2 + i
2 + i
, . z =
=
=
+ 2i
+ 2i
+ 2i

4 + 2
2 + 4

= 1.

z (0,0)
= 1.
.
= 0 : z1 =

2 + 0i 1
= = i = 0 i .
0 + 2i i

= 2 : z 2 =

2 + 2i
= 1 = 1+ 0i .
2 + 2i

i. , z1, z2 ,
d (A, B) = z1 z 2 = (0 i ) (1 + 0 i ) = 1 i = 1 + i = 2 .
ii. : ( z1 ) = ( (z1 )2 ) =((-i)2 ) =(-1) = ( -z 2 ) .
2

3
. H f ,
f(x) = 3x2 3 = 3(x 1)(x + 1).
f(x) = 0 x = 1 x = 1.

f
f

-1
+

f f
x1 = 1, f(1) = 22 > 0
x2 = 1, f(1) = 2(1 + 2).

: Keystone

 : f(x) = 6x.
f(x) = 0 6x = 0 x = 0.

f
f

f x3 = 0, f(x3) = 22.
.
i.

lim f (x) = ,
x

f (1) = 2 2 > 0 f

(, 1], : f ((, 1]) = (, 22]

0 f ((, 1]), 1 (, 1) f(1) = 0. 1
(, 1], f
.
ii. f (1) = 22 > 0, f (1) = 2(1 + 2) < 0 f
[1, 1] : f ([1, 1]) = [2(1 + 2), 22] .
0 f ([1, 1]), 2 (1, 1) f (2) = 0. 2
[1, 1], f .
iii. f (1) = 2(1 + 2) < 0,

lim f(x) = + f

x+

[1, +) : f ([1, +)) = [2(1 + 2), + ).

0 f ([1, +)), 3 (1, +) f (3) = 0. 3
[1, +), f .
f (x) = 0 3 .
.
(1, 22)), (1, 2(1 + 2)), (0, 22)
() :
22 = 2(1) 22 2(1 2) = 2 22
2 22 = 2 22.
() :
2(1 + 2) = (2) 1 22 2 22 = 2 22.
: Keystone

 () :
22 = 2 0 22 22 = 22.
.

Cf, :
f (x) = y x3 3x 22 = 2x 22 x3 x = 0 x (x2 1) = 0
x(x 1) (x + 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1 x = 1.
:
1

(*)

E = f(x) y dx = x 3 x dx =
-1

-1

-1

= (x 3 -x) dx (x 3 - x) dx =

1
..
2

(*)x3 x = x (x 1)(x + 1).

x3 x > 0 x (1, 0).
x3 x < 0 x (0, 1).
4
. f, g [0, 1] F [0, 1]
F(x) = f (x) g (x).
g (x) > 0 [0, 1] , f
[0, 1] : x 0 f (x) f(0) > 0, f (x) > 0 [0, 1].
f (x) g(x) > 0 [0, 1] F(x) > 0 [0, 1].
F [0, 1].
0

x (0, 1] x > 0 F(x) > F(0) F(x)> f(t)g(t)dt F(x) > 0.

0

. : 0 t x x (0, 1].
f [0, 1] t x f (t) f (x)
f (x) f (t) 0 x (0, 1].
g (t) > 0 (0, 1].
g (t) [f (x) f (t)] 0 x (0, 1] t [0, x].
t = x
g (t) [f (x) f (t)] [0, x] x (0, 1].

g(t)[f(x)-f(t)]dt > 0 x (0, 1].

x (0, 1] :

g(t)f(x) dt f(t)g(t) dt > 0

x

f(x) g(t) dt > f(t)g(t) dt

0

f(x)G(x) > F(x) .

x (0, 1] t [0, x]: g (t) > 0.

x

g [0, x] G(x)= g(t) dt

0

x (0, 1].

: Keystone

 H ( x ) =

F ( x)

G( x)

(0, 1]

F'(x)G(x)-F(x)G'(x) f(x)g(x)G(x)-F(x)g(x)
=
=
G 2 (x)
G 2 (x)
g(x) ( f(x)G(x) F(x) )
=
> 0 (0, 1]. (
G 2 (x)
f(x)G(x) F(x)>0 ).
H'(x) =

(0, 1]
F ( x) F (1)

x (0, 1] : x 1 (x) H(1)

.
G ( x ) G (1)

. K(x)=

x
0

f(t)g(t) dt
x
0

x2
0

g(t)dt

(t 2 ) dt
x5

x (0, 1].

F, G [0, 1]
:

lim F ( x) = F (0) = 0

x 0 +

lim G ( x) = G (0) = 0

x 0 +

:
lim+

x 0

0
0

= lim+

L. H x0

x
0

f(t)g(t) dt
x
0

g(t) dt

= lim+

F '( x)
= lim f ( x )
G '( x) x 0+

x 0

F(x)
G(x)

= f(0) . (1)

[ 0,1]

(t) = (t2) x2

x2
0

t 2 dt

.
0
x2

lim+ (t 2 )dt = (t 2 )dt = 0

x 0 0
0
lim+ x 5 = 0
x 0

: Keystone

lim+

x 0

x2
0

'

x2

2
0 (t )dt
(t 2 )dt
(x 4 ) 2
(x 4 ) 2x

= lim
= lim+
= lim+
x =
4
LH x 0 +
x0
x0
x5
5x 4
5
(x 5 )'
x
0
0

2
= 1 0 = 0 (2)
5

x f (t)g(t)dt

lim
: lim+ K(x) = lim+ 0 x
+

x0
x 0
g(t)dt x0
0

: Keystone

x2

t 2 dt (1)
f (0) 0 = 0
=
x5
(2)





2007
1
A1. f x0,
f (x) f (x 0 )
f '(x 0 ) = lim
.
x x0
x x0
x x0, :
f (x) f (x 0 )
f (x) f (x 0 ) =
(x x 0 ) ,
x x0

f (x) f (x 0 )

lim [ f (x) f (x 0 ) ] = lim

(x x 0 ) =
x x0
x x0
x x0

f (x) f (x 0 )
= lim
lim (x x 0 ) = f '(x 0 ) 0 = 0 ,
x x0
x x0
x x0

lim [ f (x) f (x 0 )] = 0 lim f (x) f (x 0 ) = 0

x x0

x x0

lim f (x) = f (x 0 ) , , f x0.

x x0

2.
Rolle

y
(,f())

(, )

Cf (, f())

xx.

B(, f())
(,f())

 2
. lim f (x) ,
x 0

u
u = 3x x = x 0 u 0 ,
3
x < 0, :
3x
u
3u
lim f (x) = lim
= lim
= lim
= 3.
x 0
x 0
u 0
u
u 0
x
u
3
. H f 0 lim f (x) = f (0) = 3.
x 0

x > 0, f(x) = 2x + x,

f ' = 2 + =
2
2
2
+ 3 1 = = 3.
= = 3.

x3

x2
. f (x)dx = (x + 3x + 3x)dx = + 3 + 3 x =
2
3
0
0
0
3
2
2

(2 + 9)
= + 3 + 3 =
.
3
2
6
2

3
. f (0, +), ex
() elnx ( ),
e ex x e
f '(x) = e x =
.
x
x
f (0, +),
ex () elnx ( ),
e ex x 2 + e
f ''(x) = e x + 2 =
.
x
x2
f ''(x) > 0 (0, +),
f (0, +).
x > 1 f(x) > f(1) f(x) > 0,
f [1, +).
. 0 < x < 1 f(x) < f(1) f(x) < 0,
f (0, 1].

0
f(x)

f(x)

f x = 1,

+
+

 f(1) = e, f(x) e, x > 0.

. :
x2 +2

g(x) =

x2 + 2

f (t)dt

x 2 +1
x 2 +3

g(x) =

x 2 +3

x 2 +1

f (t)dt f (t)dt
2

f (t)dt f (t)dt , x(0, +).

2

1 g(x), g(1) = 0.
x(0, +), g ,
x 2 +3

f (t)dt [ f (0, +),

x +1
x 2 +3

x 2 +1

f (t)dt , ) f (t)dt (), :

2

g '(x) = f (x + 3) 2x f (x + 1) 2x = f (x + 3) f (x 2 + 1) 2x g(x) > 0,

2

x2 + 3 > x2 + 1 f (1, +), f (x2 + 3)

> f(x2 + 1).
g (0, +) .
1 g(x) = 0.
4
___

2 + z1 0 2 + i 0 (, ) (2, 0), :
2 + i (2 + i) (2 + + i)
z2 =
=
=
2 + i ( 2 + i ) (2 + + i)

(2 ) (2 + ) + 2i 2 + (2 ) i + (2 + ) i
=
=
(2 + )2 + 2
4 2 2 + 4i
4 2 2
4
=
=
+
i .
2
2
2
2
(2 + ) +
(2 + ) + (2 + ) 2 + 2
___

. : z z = z .
___

___
___
z z
z Imz = 0
= 0 z z = 0 z = z .
2i
:
___

___

___

___

z2 z1 z 2 z1 = z 2 z1 z 2 z 2 = z1 z1
2i Im ( z 2 ) = 2i Im ( z1 )

4
=
(2 + )2 + 2

4 = [(2 + )2 + 2]
4 [(2 + )2 + 2] = 0
[4 (2 + )2 2] = 0
= 0 () 4 (2 + )2 2 = 0

 4 = (2 + )2 + 2 ()
4 = 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 = 0 2 = 4 2 ()
() () :
4 2 ( 2 4) 4
z2 =
+ i
4
4
2
2
4 + + 4
z2 =
+ i z 2 = (1 + ) + i ()
4
:
z 2 z1 = (1 + ) + i ( + i) = 1 + + i i = 1 .
. () z1
(2, 0) = 2.
___

. : zI z = z .
___

___
___
z+ z
zI Rez = 0
= 0 z+ z = 0 z = z .
2
:
____
2
1

z I z = z
2
1

2
1

___ 2

___

z = i z1 z1 = i z1
2
1

+ i = i ( + i) + i = i i 2
= m
+ i = m i
.
=
= > 0, = ,
z1 = + i .
:

( z1 + 1 + i )

20

20

___

z1 + 1 i = [( + 1) + ( + 1) i]20 [( + 1) ( + 1) i]20 =

= [( + 1) (1 + i)]20 [( + 1) (1 i)]20 = ( + 1) 20 (1 + i)20 ( + 1) 20 (1 i) 20 =

= ( + 1)20 [(1 + i) 20 (1 i) 20 ] = ( + 1) 20 {[(1 + i) 2 ]10 [(1 i) 2 ]10 } =
= ( + 1)20 [(1 + 2i + i 2 )10 (1 2i + i 2 )10 ] = ( + 1) 20 [(2i)10 (2i)10 ] =
= ( + 1)20 [210 i10 (2)10 i10 ] = ( + 1) 20 (210 i10 210 i10 ) = 0 .

 2008
1
.1 (. 235 . ).
.2 (. 191 . ).

.
.
.
.
.

2
. (i + 2 2 ) z = 6 , :
i + 2 2 z = 6 8 +1 z = 6 3 z = 6 z = 2.
z
, = 2 (c): x 2 + y 2 = 2 2 .
. w
, (1, 1) (3, 3). w = x + yi
, :

w (1 i ) = w (3 3i ) x + yi 1 + i = x + yi 3 + 3i
2

( x 1) + ( y + 1)i = ( x 3) + ( y + 3)i ( x 1) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = ( x 3) 2 + ( y + 3) 2

x 2 2x + 1 + y 2 + 2 y + 1 = x 2 6x + 9 + y 2 + 6 y + 9
4 x 4 y 16 = 0 x y 4 = 0 .

(w) ()
: x y 4 = 0 .
. w
(): x y 4 = 0 , :
d (O , ) =

4
2

: Keystone

4
2

4 2
=2 2.
2

. ,
(c), () z w
, z w :
AB = OB OA = 2 2 = 2( 2 1) .

y
2

(c)

()
2

0
-2

-2
-4

ln x +
=
x 0 + 1 De l' Hospital
x

) lim f ( x ) = lim ( x ln x ) = lim

x 0+

= lim+
x0

x 0 +

(ln x)

1

x

1
= lim+ x = lim+ ( x) = 0 .
1 x0
x0
2
x

f (0) = 0. f 0.
) f (0, +) 0 .
f [0, +).
x > 0: f (x) = (x ln x)= (x) ln x + x (ln x) = ln x + x

: Keystone

1
= ln x + 1 .
x

f ( x) = 0 ln x + 1 = 0 ln x = 1 x =

1
.
e

x 0
f

1
e

1
0, f :
e

1
1
f 0, = lim f ( x ), f (0) = , 0 .
e
e x 1e

, + f :
e

1
1
1

f , + = f , lim f ( x ) = , + .
e x+

e
e
1 1
1

: f ([0, + )) = , 0 , + = , + .
e

e e

.
a

e x > 0 , x 0 , x = e x
a

x (0,+) . x = e x :
a
x

ln x = ln e ln x =

a
x ln x = a f ( x) = a , x > 0
x

(1).

f ,+ :
e

1
i) a (, ) (1) .
e

: Keystone

1
1
ii) a = , f
e
e
x=

1
.
e
1
.
e

(1) x =

1
1
iii) a ( ,0) , ,0 =
e
e

1
f 0, f
e

1
1
0, , (1) 0, .
e
e

f ,+ f ,+

,+ =
e

(1) ,+ .
e

iv) a = 0 (1) x ln x = 0 x = 0 () ln x = 0 x = 1 . (
).

v) a (0,+ )

(0,+ ) 1 , + =
e

f , +

1
,+ , (1) , + ,
e

. f ( x) =

1
> 0 x > 0.
x

f (0, +).
f ... [x, x + 1], x > 0.
f ( x + 1) f ( x)
= f ( ) f ( x + 1) f ( x) = f ) (2) .
(x, x + 1):
x +1 x
< x + 1

f .

( 2)

f ( ) < f ( x + 1) f ( x + 1) f ( x ) < f ( x + 1) .

: Keystone

 4
)

f (t )dt

f (t )dt = k R .

(1)

f ( x ) = (10 x 3 + 3 x ) k 45 :
2

t4
t2
10t + 3t k 45 dt = k 10 + 3
2
4

f (t )dt = [(

45t = 40k + 6k 90 = 46k 90 .

(2)
(1), (2) : k = 46 k - 90 k = 2
: f ( x ) = (10 x 3 + 3 x ) 2 45 = 20 x 3 + 6 x 45 .
)

x . :
g ' ( x ) g ' ( x h)
g ' ( x h) g ' ( x )
= lim
=
h 0
h 0
h
h
g ' ( x + u ) g ' ( x)
h=u
g ' ( x + u ) g ' ( x)
= g ' ' ( x) ,
= lim

lim

h0
u 0
u
u
u 0

lim

u0

g .
)

(i)

:
0
[g ( x + h) 2 g ( x) + g ( x h)] ' =
g ( x + h) 2 g ( x ) + g ( x h)
0
=
=
lim
lim
h 0
h2
D.L. H. h0
( h 2 )'
g ' ( x + h ) g ' ( x h) 1
g ' ( x + h ) g ' ( x h)
= lim
= lim
=
h0
h
2h
2 h 0
1
g ' ( x + h ) g ' ( x ) g ' ( x h) + g ' ( x )
= lim
=
h
2 h0
1
g ' ( x + h) g ' ( x ) g ' ( x ) g ' ( x h) 1
= lim
+
= 2 [g ' ' ( x) + g ' ' ( x)] =
2 h 0
h
h
1
= 2 g ' ' ( x) = g ' ' ( x) .
2
g ( x ) = f ( x ) + 45 = ( 20 x 3 + 6 x 45) + 45 = 20 x 3 + 6 x .
H g ( x ) = 20 x 3 + 6 x :

(g ( x) ) = (20 x

: Keystone

+6

x2
) g ( x ) = 5 x 4 + 3 x 2 + c1 .
2

 x = 0 : g (0) = c1 = 1 . g ( x ) = 5 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1 .
g ( x ) = 5 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1 :

x5

x3
g ( x) = 5 + 3 + x g ( x) = x 5 + x 3 + x + c2
3
5

x = 0 : g (0) = c2 = 1
g ( x ) = x 5 + x 3 + x + 1 .
(ii)

H g(x) = x5 + x3 + x + 1 ,
g (x) = 5x4 + 3x2 + 1.
g (x) = 5x4 + 3x2 + 1 > 0 x , g
, '11'.

: Keystone





2008

1
x

A. F(x) = f (t)dt f [, ]. G

f [, ], c ,
G(x) = F(x) + c (I)
x = , () :

G() = F() + c = f (t)dt + c = 0 + c = c .

:
G(x) = F(x) + G()
x = :

G() = F() + G() G() = f (t)dt + G()

f (t)dt = G() G() .

y
B(, f())
(,f())

(, )

Cf
(, f())

, (, f())
(, f()).

(,f())

z1 + z 2 = 1
. Vieta

z z =
1 2 1
___

z1 = z 2 =
:

1+ i 3
.
2

1 + i 3 1 i 3
2 =

+
=

2
2

2
2

2
1+ i 3 1 i 3 =
1 i 3 =

2 2
2
2

= 1

.
1 3

=
+
=
1

4 4
. z 2 z + 1 = 0 , :
z12 z1 + 1 = 0 z12 = z1 1 () z12 z1 = 1 ()
() z1
z13 = z12 z1 () : z13 = 1 .
___

. w = z1 z1 w = 2i Im z1 w = 2 i Im z1
3
w = 3.
2
w
w = 3 (0, 0), R = 3

w = 2 1

w = x + yi, x, y x2 + y2 = 3.

3
. f (0, +)
x2 (), 2lnx ( ),
2 2x 2 2 2(x 1)(x + 1)
f '(x) = 2x =
=
.
x
x
x
:
2(x 1)(x + 1)
f(x) 0
0 x 1 0 x 1.
x
:
f (0, 1]
f [1, +),

0
f(x)

+
+

f(x)

f x = 1, f(1) = 1 f(x) f(1)

f(x) 1, x(0, +).

.
x > 0, :
lim+ f (x) = lim+ (x 2 2 ln x) = + ,
x 0

x 0

 x = 0 .

x > 0, :
f (x)
x 2 2 ln x
2 ln x

lim
= lim
= lim x
= + ,
x + x
x +
x +
x
x

1
2
2 ln x De L' Hospital
2
lim
======== lim x = lim = 0 ,
x +
x + 1
x + x
x
.
ln x
. i. x > 0 g(x) =
(0, +)
f (x)
lnx (), f(x).
x > 0, :
1
De L' Hospital
ln x
x
lim+ g(x) = lim+ 2
======== lim+
=
x 0
x 0 x 2 ln x
x 0
1
2x 2
x
1
1
1
= lim+ 2x
= lim+ 2
= .
x 0 2x 2
x 0 2x 2
2
x
1
g 0 lim+ g(x) = g(0) k = .
x 0
2
ii. Bolzano g [0, e]
g [0, e]
1
ln e
1
g(0) = < 0 , g(e) = 2
= 2
> 0 , g(0)g(e) < 0
2
e 2 ln e e 2
Bolzano g(x) = 0
(0, e).
4
x

f(x) > 0, F(x) = f (t)dt > 0

0

tf (t)dt > 0 x > 0,

h(x) =

F(x)
x

> 0.

tf (t)dt

. e t 1[f (t) + F(t)]dt = [e t 1 F '(t) + e t 1F(t)]dt =

0

= [e t 1 F(t)]'dt = e t 1 F(t) = e11 F(1) e01 F(0) = F(1) .

0

. h (0, +),
x

F(x) ( f, ),

tf (t)dt
0

tf(t) (0, +),

tf (t)dt ,

(0, +),
x

f (x) tf (t)dt xF(x)

0
=
0
h '(x) =
=
2
2
x
x

tf (t)dt
tf (t)dt
0

x
x
x
x

f (x) tf (t)dt x f (t)dt f (x) tf (t)dt x f (t)dt

0
0
=
0
0
=
=
2
2
x
x

tf (t)dt
tf (t)dt
0

F'(x) tf (t)dt F(x) xf (x)

f (x) {tf (t) xf (t)} dt

0

f (x) f (t) (t x)dt

0

tf (t)dt
0

h(x) < 0, x > 0,

x

tf (t)dt
0

f(x) > 0, t x < 0, t(0, x) x > 0.

h (0, +).
. h(1) = 2

F(1)
1

tf (t)dt

= 2 F(1) = 2 tf (t)dt
0

f (t)dt = 2 tf (t)dt (III)

:
1

() f (t)dt = 2 tf (t)dt f (t) (1 2t)dt = 0 .

i. :
1

f (t)dt + f (t)dt < 2 tf (t)dt + 2 tf (t)dt

() :
2

f (t)dt < 2 tf (t)dt

f (t) (1 2t)dt < 0 , ,

1

f(t) > 0
t(1, 2) 1 < t < 2 2 > 2t > 4 1 > 1 2t < 3, 1 2t < 0.
1

1
ii. () F(1) = 2 t F '(t)dt = 2 [ t F(t)]0 F(t)dt
0
0

F(1) = 2 1 F(1) 0 F(0) F(t)dt

0

F(1) = 2 F(1) F(t)dt

0

F(1) = 2 F(1) 2 F(t)dt F(1) = 2 F(t)dt

1

F(1)
= F(t)dt .
2
0

 2009
1
. - 251 . .
. - 213 . .
.
.

2
.
. z = x + yi (x, y) . x + yi = (2 + 1) + (2 1) i .
x = 2 + 1 y = 2 1 . y x = 2 y = x 2 .
z ( ) : y = x 2 .
. z0
().
y

(): y =x-2

x
M

-2
y

() OM = 1 O 1 = 1 O = 1 .
: y = x.

: Keystone

 ( , )
y = x, y = x 2.
y = 1. (1, 1) z = 1 i.
M : y = x y = x
0
x = 1
y
=
x

x
=
x

. w = x + y i, x, y R. w + w 12 = z 0
x2 + y2 + x y i 12 = 1 i x2 + y2 + x 12 y i = 1 i x2 + y2 + x 12 = 1
y = 1 x2 + x 12 = 0 y = 1 (x = 4 x = 3) y = 1.
w = 4 + i w = 3 + i.

3
. f (x) 1 x > 1. x ln(x + 1) 1 x > 1.
f (0) = 1, f (x) f (0) x > 1.
f x = 0 (, ) f (0) = 1.
f (1, +) .
Fermat f (0) = 0.
f ( x) = a x ln a

1
, f (0) = 0 ln = 1 = e.
x +1

B.
. = e f (x) = ex ln(x + 1).
f (1, +) f ( x) = e x

x +1

1
1
x
x
> 0 x (1, +).
f ( x) = e
=e +
( x + 1) 2
x +1

f .
. f (1, ) f (1, ),
x = 0 f .
1 < x < 0 f ( x) < f (0) = 0, x > 0 f ( x) > f (0) = 0.
f (1, 0]
[0, +).
. :

: Keystone

( f ( ) 1)( x 2) + ( f ( ) 1) ( x 1) = 0 .
( x 1) ( x 2)

 g (x) = (f () 1) (x 2) + (f () 1) (x 1), x [1, 2].

H g R [1, 2] .

g (1) = (f () 1) = 1 f () = f (0) f () < 0, f (0) f

0,

g (2) = f () 1 = f () f (0) > 0, f (0) f 0 .

*( f (0) f () < 0 :
(1, 0) f :
1 < < 0 f () > f (0) f (0) f () < 0
(0, +), f :
0 < f (0) > f ().
f () f (0) > 0).
g (1) g (2) < 0, Bolzano x0 (1, 2)
g (x0) = 0

(f () 1) (x0 2) + (f () 1) (x0 1) = 0

( f ( ) 1)( x0 2) + ( f (0) 1) ( x0 1) = 0 .
( x0 1) ( x0 2)

(1, 2).
*: f () 1 = > 0 f () 1 = > 0
:
) h( x) =

(1, 2) +
+
x 1 x 2

x 1+ x 2

(1, 2), h( x) =
+
2
( x 2) 2
( x 1)

lim h( x), lim h( x) = (, + )

x2

x 1+

< 0 x (1, 2),

h (1, 2).
h + x1+
x2, , 1 < < < 2 f () > 0 f () < 0
Bolzano (, ) h (x) = 0.

: Keystone

) :

( x 2) + ( x 1)

)=0
+
= 0, x (1, 2)
( x 1)( x 2)
x 1 x 2

(x 2) + (x 1) = 0 ( + ) x = 2 + x =

2 +
.
+

1=

+ 2 + 2 + 2
<
<
= 2 ( ).
+
+ +

4
) f [0, 2] t f (t) [0, 2].
H (x) [0, 2], .
x

f (t ) d t [0, 2] f [0, 2].

0

G (0, 2] .
G x0 = 0.
x
H ( x)

f (t ) d t + 3 = 0 0 + 3 = 3 , :
0
x

lim

x 0 +

lim
x 0 +

H ( x)
= lim 0
x
x 0 +

t f (t ) d t
x

lim f ( x) = f (0) ,

x 0 +

'
xt f (t ) d t
0
x f ( x)
=
= lim
= 0 f (0) = 0 .
lim
DLH
1
( x)'
x 0 +
x 0 +
0

0

[0,

lim t f (t )d t = t f (t )d t = 0 t f (t) ,
x 0 +

2],

t f (t ) d t
0

)(

1 1 t 2
1 1 t 2 1 + 1 t 2
G (0) = 6 lim
= 6 lim
=
t 0
t 0
t2
t 2 1+ 1 t 2
= 6 lim
t 0

1 1 + t 2

t 2 1+ 1 t 2

= 6 lim
t 0

t2

t 2 1+ 1 t 2

= 6

1
= 3.
2

lim+ G ( x) = G (0) = 3 .
x0

: Keystone

 G x0 = 0.
G [0, 2].
. (0, 2) :

f , (x) = x f (x).
x (x) = 1.
H ( x)

x

t f (t ) d t

H ( x ) x H ( x)( x) x f ( x ) x 0 t f (t ) d t
H ( x)
0
=
= f ( x)
.
=

x2
x2
x2
x
, f

x
x
f (t ) d t f (t ) d t = f ( x ) .
0
0

G :
G ( x ) = f ( x)

x
0

t f (t ) d t
x

f ( x) =

H ( x)
, 0 < x < 2.
x2

. G [0, 2] (0, 2), G(0) = 3 (

).
2

H ( 2)
G x = 2 : G (2) =
f (t )d t + 3 (1).
2
0

(t 2) f (t ) d t = 0 t f (t ) d t 2 f (t ) d t = 0 t f (t ) d t = 2 f (t ) d t H (2) = 2 f (t ) d t .
(1)
2

G ( 2) =

2 f (t ) d t
0

f (t ) d t + 3 = 3 = G (0) .
0

Rolle

[0, 2], (0, 2) G () = 0.

G ( ) =

H ( )
.
2

() = 0.

: Keystone

. G [0, ] (0, ).
.
(0, ):

H ( )
f (t ) d t + 3 3
0
G (a) G (0)
H ( )

G ( ) =
2 =
a0

t f (t ) d t
2

f (t ) d t

t f (t ) d t = 2

H ( a ) =0

f (t ) d t .

* :
(0, ), (0, 2) :
x

tf (t ) d t = x 2
0

1
G ( x ) +
a

f (t ) d t H ( x ) = x 2 f (t ) d t
0

x
0 f (t ) d t = 0 G ( x) +

P ( x) = G ( x ) +

H ( x)
1
=
2
x

f (t ) d t = 0

f (t ) d t
0

(1).

f (t ) d t ( G ( x ) +

f (t ) d t ),
0

:
) [0, ) G ( )
1

f (t ) d t x .

) (0, ) G ( )
1
,

1
f (t ) d t x P ( x ) = G ( x) +

f (t ) d t .
0

) (0) = () = 3
(0) = G (0) + 0 = 3

H ( )
P ( ) = G ( ) + f (t ) d t =

: Keystone

f (t ) d t + 3 + f (t ) d t =

H (a )
0
+ 3 = + 3 = 3.

 Rolle (0, )

P ( ) = 0 P ( ) = 0 G ( ) +

f (t ) d t = 0 , (1)
0

(0, ).

: Keystone

10





2009
1
A. x0(0, +) x x0, :
x x0
=
x x0

f (x) f (x 0 )
=
x x0
2

x x0

( x x0 ) (

x + x0

x x0

( x x0 ) (

)(

x + x0
x + x0

x x0

( x x0 ) (

x + x0

)=

1
,
x + x0

x x0, :
f (x) f (x 0 )
1
1
lim
= lim
=
,
x x0
x x0
x x0
x + x0 2 x0
1

, ( x ) ' =

, x(0, +).
2 x
. f x0
lim f (x) = f (x 0 )
x x0

2
. z = x + yi, x, y . :
__

__

__

(2 i) z + (2 + i) z 8 = 0 2z i z + 2 z + i z 8 = 0
__
__

2 z + z i z z 8 = 0 2 2x i 2yi 8 = 0

4x + 2y 8 = 0 2y = 4x + 8 y = 2x + 4 .
z
y = 2x + 4 .

. z1 = x. :
0 = 2x + 4 2x = 4 x = 2, z1 = 2.

z2 = yiI. :
y = 2 0 + 4 = 4 , z2 = 4i.
2

. z1 + z 2 + z1 z 2 = 2 + 4i + 2 4i =
= 22 + 42 + 22 + (4) 2 = 4 + 16 + 4 + 16 = 40 .
3
. f(x) f (x) = ln

( + 1)x 2 + x + 1
, x(1, +).
x+2

+ 1 = 0 = 1, : f (x) = ln

x +1
,
x+2

x > 0, :

1
x 1 +

x
x +1
=
lim f (x) = lim ln
= lim ln

x +
x +
x + 2 x + x 1 + 2

x
1

1+ x
= lim ln
= 0 , ,
x +
2
1+

x
1
2
1+ u
lim = lim = 0 lim+ ln
= ln1 = 0 .
x + x
x + x
u 0
1 + 2u
+ 1 > 0 > 1, x > 0, :
( + 1)x 2 + x + 1
lim f (x) = lim ln
=
x +
x +
x+2

1 1
2
x +1+ x + x2
=
= lim ln
x +
2

x 1 +

1 1

x +1+ x + x2
= + ,
= lim ln
x +
2

1+

1
1
2
lim = lim 2 = lim = 0 ,
x + x
x + x
x + x
1 1
+1+ + 2
x x = +1 .
lim ln[x ( + 1)] = + lim
x +
x +
2
1+
x
x +1
. = 1, f (x) = ln

x+2
f (x) = ln(x + 1) ln(x + 2) , x(1, +).

. f (1, +),
x +1
lnx (),
( ),
x+2
1
1
x + 2 x 1
1
f '(x) =

=
=
> 0,
x + 1 x + 2 (x + 1)(x + 2) (x + 1)(x + 2)
f (1, +).
:

f (A) = lim+ f (x), lim f (x) = (, 0) ,

x 1

x +

 x +1
lim+ f (x) = lim+ ln
= .
x 1
x 1
x+2
.
x > 1, : lim+ f (x) = ,
x 1

x = 1 .

x +1
ln
f (x)
x > 0, : lim
= lim x + 2 = 0
x + x
x +
x
x +1
lim [f (x) 0 x] = lim ln
= 0,
x +
x +
x+2
y = 0 .
. g(x) = f(x) + 2, x(1, +).
H g (1, +),
f(x) 2 ( ),
g(x) = f(x) > 0, g (1, +), g
(1, +).
:

g(A) = lim+ g(x), lim g(x) = (, 2 ) , 2 > 0 ( 0)

x 1

x +

0g(A), ,
g(x) = 0 f(x) + 2 = 0 (1, +),
g .
4

f '(x) 2f (x)

e 2x
[0, 2] f(x) 2f(x) [ f(x)
, 2f(x) ], e2x [
ex (), 2x ()], g [0, 2].
3x2 (0, 2) ,
f '(x) 2f (x)
(0, 2)
e 2x
f(x) 2f(x) [ f(x) , 2f(x) ],
e2x [ ex (), 2x
()], g (0, 2),
[f ''(x) 2f '(x)] e2x 2e2x [f '(x) 2f (x)]
g '(x) = 6x
e 4x
f ''(x) 2f '(x) 2f '(x) + 4f (x)
g '(x) = 6x

e2x
f ''(x) 4f '(x) + 4f (x)
g '(x) = 6x
,
e2x

. 3x2 [0, 2] ,

g '(x) = 6x

k x e 2x
= 6x k x = (6 k) x .
e 2x

f '(0) 2f (0)
0
= =0
0
e
1
f '(2) 2f (2)
2f (2) + 12e4 2f (2)
g(2) = 3 22
=
12

= 0,
e 2 2
e4
Rolle g(x)
g(0) = 0

[0, 2], (0, 2) : g() = 0 (6 k) = 0 k = 6,

0.
. k = 6 x = , :
f() 4f() + 4f() = 6e2
f() + 4f() = 6e2 + 4f().
. k = 6, g(x) = 0, g(x) = c
g(0) = 0, g(x) = 0, x[0, 2].
. k = 6, :
f(x) 4f(x) + 4f(x) = 6xe2x
e2xf(x) e2x2f(x) e2x2f(x) + e2x4f(x) = 6x
[e2xf(x)] 2[e2xf(x)] = 6x
[e2xf(x) 2e2xf(x)] = (3x2),
e2xf(x) 2e2xf(x) = 3x2 + c1
[e2xf(x)] = 3x2 + c1, c1,
e2xf(x) = x3 + c1x + c2
f(x) = e2x(x3 + c1x + c2), c1, c2 (I)

x = 1, () :
f(1) = e21(13 + c11 + c2)
f(1) = e2(1 + c1 + c2),
e2 = e2(1 + c1 + c2) 1 = 1 + c1 + c2
c1 + c2 = 0 c1 = c2 ()
x = 0, () :
f(0) = e20(03 + c10 + c2)
f(0) = 1(0 + 0 + c2) f(0) = c2 ()
:
f(x) = 2e2x(x3 + c1x + c2) + e2x(3x2 + c1),
f(0) = 2e20(03 + c10 + c2) + e20(302 + c1)
f(0) = 2c2 + c1.
:
f(0) = 2f(0) c1 + 2c2 = 2c2 c1 = 0,
() : c2 = 0.
f(x) = e2xx3, 0 x 2.
'

2
2
2
e 2x
f (x)
x 3 e2x
2x
. 2 dx =
dx
=
x

e
dx
=
x

dx =
2

x
x
2

1
1
1
1
2

2
e2x 2 e2x
e 2 2
e21 1
= x

dx
=
2

e 2x dx =

2 1 1 2
2
2 2 1

e 4 e 2 1 e2x
= 2 =
2 2 2 2 1
e 2 1 e 22 e 21 4 e 2 e 4 e 2
= e4

=e + =
2 2 2
2
2 4 4

4e 4 2e 2 e 4 e 2 3e 4 e 2 e2 (3e 2 1)

+ =
=
.
4
4
4 4
4
4

2010

1.

, , 304 .

2.

, , 279 .

3.

, , 273 .

4.

1.

2.

2
= 2 z 2 2z + 2 = 0 .
z
2 2i
2 + 2i
= 1 i, z 2 =
= 1+ i .
z1 =
2
2

: z +

1005

: z12010 + z2 2010 = (1 i )2010 + (1 + i ) 2010 = (1 i )2

1005

+ (1 + i )2

= (1 2i 1)1005 + (1 + 2i 1)1005 = (2i )1005 + (2i )1005 = (2)1005 i1005 + 21005 i1005 =
= (2)1005 (i 2 )502 i + 21005 (i 2 )502 i = (21005 ) i + (21005 ) i = 21005 i + 21005 i = 0
2 :
:
(1 i) 2010 + (1 + i )2010 = (1 i) 2010 + [i (1 i)]

2010

= (1 i) 2010 + i 2010 (1 i) 2010 = (1 i) 2010 (1 + i 2010 ) = (1 i) 2010 (1 1) = 0

3.

| w 4 + 3 i | = |z1 z2| = |1 i 1 i | = | 2 i | = 2
w = x + i,
| x + i 4 + 3 i | = 2 | (x 4) + ( + 3) i | = 2 (x 4)2 + ( + 3)2 = 4
w
(4, 3) = 2.

: Keystone

4.

|w| (w) (0, 0),

(). ,

() () () (1)
|w| ()
().

() = () = 5 2 = 3 (2)
() = () + = 5 + 2 = 7 (3)

O
A
K(4,-3)
B
M(w)

, (1), (2) (3) 3 |w| 7.

2 :
:
w = w + (4 + 3 i ) (4 + 3 i )

w + ( 4 + 3 i ) 4 + 3 i w + ( 4 + 3 i ) ( 4 + 3 i ) w + ( 4 + 3 i ) + 4 + 3 i
z1 z2 4 + 3 i w z1 z 2 + 4 + 3 i

2 5 w 2 + 5.

3 w 7 .

: Keystone


1.

f ,
:

f ( x) = 2 +

1
2x
2 x 2 + 2 x + 2 2( x 2 + x + 1)
2

(
x
1)
2
.
+
=
+
=
=
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
x2 + 1

x 2 + x + 1 > 0 x 2 + 1 > 0 x , f ( x ) > 0

x . f .
2.

2( x 2 3x + 2) = ln (3 x 2) 2 + 1 ln( x 4 + 1)
2 x 2 2(3x 2) = ln (3 x 2) 2 + 1 ln( x 4 + 1)
2 x 2 + ln( x 4 + 1) = ln (3x 2) 2 + 1 + 2(3x 2)
2 x 2 + ln( x 4 + 1) = 2(3 x 2) + ln (3 x 2) 2 + 1 f ( x 2 ) = f (3x 2)

(1)

f , 1-1.
(1)
x2 = 3x 2 x2 3x + 2 = 0. x = 1 x =2.

3.

2 x
x( x 2 + 1) x ( x 2 + 1)

f
(
x
)
=
2
+
=
2
=
2
=

x2 + 1
( x 2 + 1)2

x +1

=2

x 2 + 1 2 x 2 2(1 x 2 )
.
= 2
( x 2 + 1) 2
( x + 1)2

f ( x ) = 0 x = 1 x = 1 , f ( x ) > 0 x (1,1)

f ( x ) < 0 x (, 1) (1, +) .
Cf x1 = 1, x2 = 1 .

Cf x1 = 1 (1):

y f (1) = f (1)( x + 1) y (2 + ln 2) = 1( x + 1) y = x + ln 2 1
x = 0 y = ln 2 1

: Keystone

Cf x2 = 1 (2):

y f (1) = f (1)( x 1) y (2 + ln 2) = 3( x 1) y = 3 x 1 + ln 2
x = 0 y = ln 2 1.
(1) (2) (0, ln 2 1) yy.

4.

x f ( x)d x = (2 x 2 + x ln( x 2 + 1))d x = 2 x 2 d x +

1
( x 2 + 1) ln( x 2 + 1)d x =

2 1

1
1 1
= 2 x 2 d x + [( x 2 + 1) ln( x 2 + 1)]11 ( x 2 + 1) ln( x 2 + 1) d x =
2
2 1
1

1
1
1
1 1
2x
dx =
= 2 x 2 d x + ( x 2 + 1) ln( x 2 + 1) ( x 2 + 1) 2
1

1
1

2
2
( x + 1)
1

1
x3
1
1
2 1
4
= 2 + 0 x 2 = 2 (1 1) = .
1

2
3 2
3
3 1 2

1.

f (t ) t
) f (t) t t
) , .
(t ) =

f ( x ) = (t ) d t + x + 3 ,
0

f '( x) = ( x ) + 1 =
2.

x
x + f ( x) x
f ( x)
+1 =
=
, x .
f ( x) x
f ( x) x
f ( x) x

g ,
:

g ( x ) = ( f ( x) ) 2 x f ( x) = 2 f ( x) f ( x) 2 f ( x) 2 x f ( x ) =

( 1)

= 2 f ( x) ( f ( x) x ) 2 f ( x ) = 2

f ( x)
( f ( x ) x ) 2 f ( x) = 0 , x .
f ( x) x

g .
3.

: f (0) = 0 + 3 +

t
dt = 3.
f (t ) t

2 g (x) = c, c , x , ( f ( x ) ) 2 x f ( x ) = c,
2

x .

: Keystone

 x = 0 c = ( f (0) ) 2 0 f (0) = 9 .
2

( f ( x ) ) 2 x f ( x ) = 9
2

( f ( x) x )

= x 2 + 9.

( f ( x))

2 x f ( x) + x 2 = x 2 + 9

(1)

h (x) = f (x) x, h
h (x) 0 x , f (x) x, x .
h ,
h (x) > 0 x h (x) < 0 x .
h (0) = f (0) 0 = 3 > 0
h (x) > 0, x f (x) > x, x .

(2).

(1)
(2)

f ( x ) x = x 2 + 9 f ( x) x = x 2 + 9 f ( x) = x + x 2 + 9 , x .

4.

F ( x ) =

x +1

f (t )d t , x .

F ( x ) =

x +1

f (t )d t f (t )d t , x , c .
c

F ( x ) = f ( x + 1) f ( x ), x . (1)
f ( x) = 1 +

x2 + 9

x2 + 9 + x
x2 + 9

x2 + x

>

x2 + 9

x +x

x2 + 9

0, x .

f ( x ) > 0 x , f .
: x < x + 1 f ( x ) < f ( x + 1) f ( x + 1) f ( x ) > 0, x . (2)
(1), (2) F .
: x < x + 1 F ( x ) < F ( x + 1)
2 :

x +1
x

f (t )d t <

x+2
x +1

f (t )d t .

F ( x ) = f (t )d t f
x

F ( x + 1) F ( x) < F ( x + 2) F ( x + 1)

: Keystone

F ( x + 1) F ( x) F ( x + 2) F ( x + 1)
<
.
( x + 1) x
( x + 2) ( x + 1)

 ... F [x, x + 1] [x + 1, x + 2]
1 (x1, x1 + 1) 2 (x + 1, x + 2)

F ( x + 1) F ( x )
F ( x + 2) F ( x + 1)
= F (1 ) = f (1 )
= F ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) .
( x + 1) x
( x + 2) ( x + 1)
f (1) < f (2) 1 < 2, f
. :

f ( x) = x + x + 9 = 1 +

x
x2 + 9

x2 + 9 + x
x2 + 9

>

x2 + x
x2 + 9

x +x
x2 + 9

0,

x , f (x) > 0 x f .

: Keystone



2010

1. f (x) = x .
x R h 0 :
f (x + h) f (x) (x + h) x xh + xh x
=
=
=
h
h
h
=

xh x xh
h 1 h
+
= x
+
x .
h
h
h
h

:
f (x + h) f (x)
h 1 h

= lim x
+
x = x 0 + 1 x = x
x 0
x 0
h
h
h

lim

f '(x) = x (x) ' = x , x R .

2. f [, ]
(, )
f (x) f ()
f (x) f ()
R lim
R .
x
x
x +
x
lim

3. f x 0 A
x A f (x) f (x 0 ) .
A4. . f (x) = x
R f '(x) = x ln , ().
.
fog = gof. f(x) = x + 1, g(x) = 2x 3,
f(g(x)) = 2x 2, g(f(x)) = 2x 1, x R fog gof,
().
1
. lim f (x) = + , lim
=0,
xx0
x x 0 f (x)
().
. f

[, ] f(x) 0 x[, ], f (x)dx 0 ,

().
__

. z C | z |2 = z z ,
().

1. z1 + z 2 = 2 , z1 z 2 = 5 z1 , z 2
,
z 2 Sz + P = 0 , S = z1 + z 2 , P = z1 z 2 , z 2 + 2z + 5 = 0 .
= 16 z1,2 =

2 i4
= 1 2i .
2

z1 = 1 + 2i z 2 = 1 2i .
2. w = x + yi, x, y R z1 = 1 + 2i , z 2 = 1 2i
| w z1 |2 + | w z 2 |2 =| z1 z 2 |2 :
| x + yi (1 + 2i) |2 + | x + yi (1 2i) |2 =| 1 + 2i ( 1 2i) |2

| (x + 1) + i(y 2) |2 + | (x + 1) + i(y + 2) |2 =| 4i |2

(x + 1)2 + (y 2) 2 + (x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 42

(x + 1)2 + (y 2) 2 + (x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16

x 2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 4y + 4 + x 2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 + 4y + 4 = 16
2x 2 + 4x + 2y 2 + 10 = 16 2x 2 + 4x + 2y 2 + 10 16 = 0
2x 2 + 4x + 2y 2 6 = 0 x 2 + 2x + y 2 3 = 0
x 2 + 2x + y 2 = 3 x 2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 = 4 (x + 1) 2 + y 2 = 4 ,
w (1, 0)
R = 2.
3. w = x + yi, x, y R 2 Re(w) + Im(w) = 0 :
2x + y = 0. w, :
2
2
2
2
2
2
(x + 1) + y = 4
x + 2x + y 3 = 0
x + 2x + (2x) 3 = 0

y = 2x
y = 2x
2x + y = 0

x 2 + 2x + 4x 2 3 = 0
5x 2 + 2x 3 = 0 (I)

(II)
y = 2x
y = 2x

() 2 = 64
x=

2 8
2 + 8 6 3
2 8 10
x=
=
= x=
=
= 1 .
10
10
10 5
10
10

 x =

3
6
3 6
() : y = , w = i .
5
5
5 5

x = 1 () : y = 2 , w = 1 + 2i .
4. , w1, w2.

|w1 w2| = 4, OA OB = 4 BA = 2R ,
R 2.
, (1, 0)
R = 2.
:

| w1 + w 2 |= OA + OB = 2 OK = 2 (1 0)2 + (0 0) 2 = 2 1 = 2 .

1. x > 0 :
lim f (x) = lim [(x 2) ln x + x 3] = + , lim (x 3) = 3 , lim ln x =
x 0+

x 0 +

x 0+

x 0+

lim (x 2) = 2 .
x 0+

f
x = 0.
x > 0 :
f (x)
(x 2) ln x + x 3
x 3
x2
lim
= lim
= lim
ln x + =
x + x
x +
x + x
x
x x
2
3
3
= lim 1 ln x + 1 = + , lim 1 = 1 , lim (ln x) = + ,
x +
x +
x +
x
x
x
2
lim 1 = 1 .
x +
x
f (
).
2. f (0, +)
x 3 ()
(x 2)lnx ( )
x2
2
2
f '(x) = ln x +
+ 1 = ln x + 1 + 1 = ln x + 2
x
x
x
1 2
f ''(x) = + 2 .
x x
f(x) > 0 x > 0, f .
2
f(x) = 0 1, f '(1) = ln1 + 2 = 0 + 2 2 = 0 ,
1
f .
:

 0 < x < 1 f '(x) < f '(1) = 0 , f

(0, 1]
x > 1 f '(x) > f '(1) = 0 , f
[1, +).
3. x > 0 :
lim f (x) = lim [(x 2) ln x + x 3] = + , lim (x 3) = + ,
x +

x +

x +

lim (ln x) = + lim (x 2) = + .

x +

x +

:
x A1 = (0,1] f
f (A1 ) = [f (1), lim f (x)) = [2, +) , 0 f (A1 ) ,
x 0 +

f(x) = 0 1 f
f(x) = 0 1.
x A 2 = (1, +) f
f (A 2 ) = ( lim f (x), lim f (x)) = [2, +) , 0 f (A 2 ) ,
x 1+

x +

f(x) = 0 2 f
f(x) = 0 2.
A1 A 2 = (0, +) f(x) = 0 ,
(0, 1] (1, +).
f (x)
4. g(x) =
x > 0.
x
g [ x1 , x 2 ] (0, +)
x () f(x) ( 2
, ),
g (x1 , x 2 ) (0, +)
x () f(x) ( 2
f '(x)x f (x)
), g '(x) =
,
x2
f (x1 ) 0
0 f (x 2 )
g(x1 ) =
=
=
=
= g(x 2 ) ,
x1
x1 x 2
x2
Rolle (x1 , x 2 ) (0, +)
f '() f ()
g '() = 0
= 0 f '() f () = 0 ().
2
(, f ()) :
y f () = f '()(x ) y = f '()x f '() + f () y = f '()x , (),
.

1. f , f .
x > 0 f , f(x) > f(0) = 0,
f [0, +).
x < 0 f , f(x) < f(0) = 0,
f (, 0].
f x = 0 f(0) = 1,

f(x) f(0) f(x) 1.

1

2. f (xt)dt u = xt , du = xdt t = 0
0

u = 0 t = 1 u = x. :
1

x f (xt)dt = f (xt)xdt = f (u)du .

:
1

= lim 0

x f (xt)dt + x 3
lim

f (u)du + x

3 x

x 0

3 x

x 0

3
De L ' Hospital

f (x) + 3x 2
=
x 0 3 2 x x

======= lim

1
1
f (x)
f (x) + 3x 2
3x 2
= lim
lim
lim
+
= lim
= + ,
x 0 3x x 0
2 x x 0 3x x 0 2 x 2 x

1
1
lim
= ,
x 0 3x
3
x 2
3x 2
2
lim
= lim 3
= 3 1 = 3 ,
x 0 2 x
x 0 x

f (x)
lim
= + , lim( 2 x) = 0 , 2x > 0 x 0,
2
x 0 x
x 0
lim f (x) = f (0) = 1 ( f , ).
x 0

3. :

x2

2x(x 2 1)dx = e x

= e x (x 2 1) e x

) (x 1)dx =

2 '

) 2xdx = e

x2

(x 2 1) e x + c =

= e x (x 2 1 + 1) + c = e x x 2 + c, c R .
:
f '(x) + 2x = 2x(f (x) + x 2 ) f '(x) + 2x = 2xf (x) + 2x 3
2

f '(x) 2xf (x) = 2x 3 2x e x (f '(x) 2xf (x)) = e x (2x 3 2x)

2

e x f '(x) 2xe x f (x) = e x 2x(x 2 1)

'

e x f (x) = e x 2x(x 2 1) e x f (x) = e x 2x(x 2 1)dx

2

e x f (x) = e x x 2 + c f (x) = x 2 + ce x , c R .
f(0) = 1, x = 1, :
2

f (0) = 0 2 + ce0 1 = 0 + c c = 1 .
2

: f (x) = x 2 + e x , x R .
4. f R
2

f '(x) = 2x + 2xe x = 2x e x 1 .

 :
0

2x

x
e2x

f(x)
f(x)

f(t) R (
R ), 0, f R .
f(t) [0, +) R (
x+2

R ), h(x) = f (t)dt
x

h '(x) = f (x + 2) f (x) .
x + 2 > x 0 f [0, +),
f(x + 2) > f(x) h(x) > 0, h [0, +).
:
x 2 + 2x + 3

x 2 + 2x +1

x 2 + 2x + 3

x 2 + 2x +1

f (t)dt + f (t)dt < 0

x + 2x + 3

x 2 + 2x +1
2

f (t)dt f (t)dt < 0

4

f (t)dt < f (t)dt h(x 2 + 2x + 1) < h(4) ()

4

x + 2x + 1 4 h [0, +),
h(x 2 + 2x + 1) h(4) , (),
x 2 + 2x + 1 < 4 x 2 + 2x + 1 4 < 0 x 2 + 2x 3 < 0 3 < x < 1,
x 2 + 2x 3 = 0 = 16
2 4
2 + 4 2
2 4 6
x =
x=
= =1 x =
=
= 3 .
2
2
2
2
2

 2011
'

www.orionidef.gr

1. 260 261.
A2. 280.
3.

B
B1. z 3i + z + 3i = 2 z 3i + z 3i = 2

z 3i + z 3i = 2 2 z 3i = 2 z 3i = 1
z
K ( 0, 3) , = 1 C : x 2 + ( y 3) = 1
2

z 3i + z + 3i = 2

z = x + yi , x, y R

x + ( y 3) i + x + ( 3 y ) i = 2

x 2 + ( y 3) + x 2 + ( 3 y ) = 2
2

2 x 2 + ( y 3 ) = 2 x 2 + ( y 3 ) = 1 x 2 + ( y 3) = 1
2

K ( 0, 3) = 1 .

B2. z 3i = 1 z 3i = 1 ( z 3i ) z 3i = 1
2

z 3i

( z 3i )( z + 3i ) = 1 z + 3i =

B3. w = z 3i +

1
z 3i

1 B2
w = z 3i + z + 3i
z 3i

z = x + yi

w = z + z w = 2x R
x 2 + ( y 3 ) = 1 ( y 3) = 1 x 2
2

( y 3) 0 :
2

1 x2 0 x2 1 x 1

1 x 1 2 2x 2 2 w 2

4. z = x + yi w = 2x

z w = z x + yi 2x = x + yi
x + yi = x + yi

( x )

+ y2 = x 2 + y2

x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + y 2

1. x R :

e x ( f ( x ) + f ( x ) 1) = f ( x ) + xf ( x )
e x f ( x ) + e x f ( x ) e x = f ( x ) + xf ( x )

( e ) f ( x ) + e ( f ( x ) ) ( e ) = x f ( x ) + x ( f ( x ) )
x

( e f ( x ) ) ( e ) = ( xf ( x ) )
x

( e f ( x ) e ) = ( xf ( x ) )
x

e x f ( x ) e x = xf ( x ) + c

(1)

(1)

x = 0 f ( 0 ) 1 = c f ( 0 ) = 0 c = 1
e x f ( x ) e x = xf ( x ) 1

e x f ( x ) xf ( x ) = e x 1 ( e x x ) f ( x ) = e x 1

(2)

e x x 0 x R e x x > 0 x R .
t ( x ) = e x x / A t = R

t ( x ) = e x 1/ A t = A t = R

e x 11

t ( x ) = 0 e x = e0 x = 0
ex

/R

ex

/R

t ( x ) > 0 e x 1 > 0 e x > e0 x > 0

t ( x ) < 0 e x 1 < 0 e x < e0 x < 0

t(x)

O..

+
+

t x = 0 t ( 0 ) = 1 > 0 .
t ( x ) > 0 x R .

:
...
h ( x ) = e x / R [ 0, x ] h R Ch
. Ch A ( 0, 1)
: = x + 1 . x R :

ex x + 1 ex x 1 > 0
f ( x ) ( e x x ) = e x 1 f ( x ) =

f ( x )

(e
=

x )

ex x

f ( x ) ln e x x

ex 1

ex x
ex x > 0

f ( x ) = ln ( e x x ) f ( x ) = ln ( e x x ) + c
x = 0 f ( 0 ) = ln1 + c = c .
f ( 0 ) = 0 c = 0
f ( x ) = ln ( e x x )

2. f R f ( x ) =

ex 1
.
ex x

ex 11

f ( x ) = 0 e x 1 = 0 e x = e0 x = 0
ex x > 0

ex

f ( x ) > 0 e x 1 > 0 e x > e0 x > 0

ex x > 0

ex

f ( x ) < 0 e x 1 < 0 e x < e0 x < 0

f ( x ) < 0 x ( , 0 )
f ( , 0]

f ( x ) > 0 x ( 0, + )
f [ 0, + )

( , 0]

[0,

+ )

f x 0 = 0 f ( 0 ) = 0

f(x)

O..
f(0) = 0

+
+

x
x
x
e x 1 ( e 1) ( e x ) ( e 1)( e x )
3. f ( x ) = x
=
=
2
e x
( ex x )

(e

e x ( e x x ) ( e x 1)

(e

x)

e 2x xe x e 2x + 2e x 1

(e

x)

xe x + 2e x 1

(e

x)

x ) > 0 x R
2

t ( x ) = xe x + 2e x 1 / A t = R
t ( x ) = e x xe x + 2e x = e x xe x = (1 x ) e x
t( x ) = 0 x = 1

t( x ) > 0 x < 1

t( x ) < 0 x > 1

t(x)

O..

+
+

t x = 1 t (1) = e 1 > 0

t ( 2 ) = 1 < 0 ,

t ( 2 ) =

4
1 < 0
e2

t R, [ 2, 1] , [1, 2]

t ( 2 ) t (1) < 0 t (1) t ( 2 ) < 0

. Bolzano x1 ( 2, 1) x 2 (1, 2 ) t ( x1 ) = t ( x 2 ) = 0
t t.
t
t

/ ( , 1] , () t ( x ) = 0 ( , 1) .
/ [1, + ) , () t ( x ) = 0 (1, ) .

() t ( x ) = 0 t .
f ( x ) =

(e

t(x)
x

x)

, f .

4. () ln ( e x x ) = x ln ( e x x ) x = 0 .

( x ) = ln ( e x x ) x / A = R A = 0,
2

0,
2
( 0 ) = ln1 0 = 1 < 0

= ln e 2 > 0 f ( x ) > 0 x R *
2
2

( 0 ) < 0 , . Bolzano : x 0 0, : ( x 0 ) = 0
2
2

() 0,
2
:

( x ) = f ( x ) + x

( x ) > 0 x 0,
2

0,
2

/ 0,
2

() ( x ) = 0 0, ,
2

() 0,
2

1. u = x + t t = u x dt = du
t = 0 u = x , t = x u = 0

2( u x )
2u 2x
0e
0e
e 2t
dt =
du =
du =
x g u
x g u
g(x + t)
( )
( )

2u
x e
e 2u e 2x
du = e 2x
du .
0 g u
g(u)
( )

1 f (x)
e 2x

= e 2x

f (x) =1+

2u
x e
e 2u
du 1 f ( x ) =
du
0 g u
g(u)
( )

e 2u
du
g(u)

h ( u ) =

e 2u
/ Ah = R .
g (u)

h R .
f R f ( x ) =

g R g ( x ) =

e 2x
e 2x = g ( x ) f ( x )
g(x)

e 2x
2x

e = f ( x ) g ( x )
g ( x ) =

f (x)

f ( x ) =

f ( x ) g ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x )
f ( x )
f (x)

f ( x ) > 0, g ( x ) > 0

g ( x ) f ( x ) >0, g( x ) > 0

ln ( f ( x ) ) = ln ( g ( x ) )
g(x)

) (

ln ( f ( x ) ) = ln ( g ( x ) ) + c

(1)

x = 0 :

1 f ( 0)
e

= 1 f ( 0 ) = 1

1 g ( 0)
e0

= 1 g ( 0) = 1

(1)

x = 0 ln1 + ln1 = c c = 0
ln x 11

ln ( f ( x ) ) = ln ( g ( x ) ) f ( x ) = g ( x )

e 2x
.
g(x)

e 2x
.
f (x)


f ( x ) g ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x ) = 0
g ( x ) > 0 g ( x ) 0

f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x )
g2 ( x )

=0

f ( x )
f (x)
= c f (x) = c g(x)

= 0
g(x)
g(x)

x = 0 :

f ( 0) = g ( 0) = 1
f ( 0) = c g ( 0)

c =1

f ( x ) = g ( x )

2.

f ( x ) g ( x ) = e 2x
f (x) = g(x)

f ( x ) f ( x ) = e 2x

2f ( x ) f ( x ) = 2e 2x ( f 2 ( x ) ) = ( e 2x )
f 2 ( x ) = e 2x + c

(1)

(1)

x = 0 f 2 ( 0 ) = 1 + c
f ( 0 ) = 1

c=0

f ( x )>0

f 2 ( x ) = e 2x f ( x ) = e x

3. u =

1
. x 0 u
x

1
1
ln f
ln f ( x )
ln e u
u

lim
= lim
= lim u =
u e
x 0
1 u f ( u )
f
x

1
+
1
e u
u
= lim u = lim
= lim
=
u e
u u e u
u u PLH

( e ) = lim
u

= lim

( u )

( e ) =
u

4. f R, F R F ( x ) = f ( x 2 ) ,
g ( t ) = f ( t 2 ) R .
F R .
1

E = F ( x ) dx .
0

f ( x ) > 0 x R F ( x ) 0 [ 0, 1] .
1

E = F ( x ) dx = F ( x ) dx = x F ( x ) dx =
= x F ( x ) 0 + x F ( x ) dx = F (1) + xf ( x 2 ) dx =
1

= 0 + xe x dx =
0

( )

2
1 1
1 1 2
2x e x dx = e x dx =

0
2
2 0

1 x 2 1 1
e
= ( e 1) ..
2 0 2



2011

1. f (x) = x .
x R h 0 :
f (x + h) f (x) (x + h) x xh xh x
=
=
=
h
h
h
=

xh x xh
h 1 h

= x

x .
h
h
h
h

:
f (x + h) f (x)
h 1 h

= lim x

x = x 0 1 x = x
x 0
x 0
h
h
h

lim

f '(x) = x (x) ' = x , x R .

2. f .
f, F
F '(x) = f (x) , x.
3. . z = + i, , R ,
__

z z = 2 Im(z)i = 2 i , ().
. f
x 0 A f (x 0 ) ,

f (x) f (x 0 ) x A , ().
.
, 1 ,
().
. lim f (x) = 0 f(x) > 0 x0,
xx0

1
= + , ().
x x 0 f (x)
.
x0 , ,
, ().
:

lim


1. z = x + yi, x, y R .
| z i |= 1 + Im(z) | x + (y 1)i |= 1 + y

x 2 + (y 1) 2 = 1 + y ()

1 + y < 0 y < 1, () .
1 + y 0 y 1, () :
x 2 + (y 1)2 = (1 + y)2 x 2 + y 2 2y + 1 = 1 + 2y + y 2

x 2 = y 2 + 2y 1 + 1 + 2y + y 2 x 2 = 4y y =

1 2
x ,
4

xx.
__
__
2. w w + 3i = i 3 w + i :

__
__
__
__
__
__

w w + 3wi = 3i w + i 2 w w + 3wi 3i w i 2 = 0 w w + 3i w w + 1 = 0 .

w = x + yi, x, y R , :
x 2 + y 2 + 3i 2yi + 1 = 0 x 2 + y 2 6y + 1 = 0 x 2 + y 2 6y + 9 = 8

x 2 + (y 3) 2 = 8 , (0, 3)
R= 8=2 2.
3. ,
1
2 , :

x 2 = 4y
x 2 = 4y
x 2 = 4y

2
2
2
x
+
y

6y
+
1
=
0
4y
+
y

6y
+
1
=
0
y

2y
+
1
=
0

x 2 = 4y
x 2 = 4y
x 2 = 4 1
x 2 = 4
x = 2

.
2
y
=
1
y
=
1
y
=
1
y
=
1

(y

1)
=
0

: (2, 1) (2, 1).

4. :

KA = (2 0) 2 + (1 3)2 = 22 + (2)2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 ,
KB = (2 0) 2 + (1 3)2 = (2) 2 + (2)2 = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2 ,
= .
:
=

3 1 2
3 1
2
=
= 1 =
= =1,
0 2 2
0 (2) 2

= 1 , .

 2 2 1+1
, :
,
(0, 1).
2
2

(, ) .
+0 +3

,
, :
2
2

2 = 0
= 20
=0
=0

, (0, 1),

+
3

+
3
=
2

=
2

=1
2
u = i.

1. x '(t) = 16 , x(t) = 16t + c .
x(0) = 0, 160 + c = 0 c = 0, x(t) = 16t .
2. f (x) = x [0, +)
1
(0, +) f '(x) =
.
2 x
Cf
(0, 1). A x 0 , x 0 .

: y x 0 =

1
(x x 0 ) , , :
2 x0
2

x
x
1
1 x0 =
(0 x 0 ) 1 x 0 = 0 1 x 0 = 0
2 x0
2 x0
2 x0

1 x0 =

x0

1 = x0

2
: A 4, 4 (4, 2).

x0
2

1=

x0
2

x 0 = 2 x0 = 4.

,
4
1
: x(t) = 4 16t = 4 t =
t = min .
16
4
3. Cf :
1
1
1
4
1
y2=
(x 4) y 2 = (x 4) y = x + 2 y = x + 1 .
4
4
4
4
2 4
f (0, +)
1

1
f ''(x) = 2 x =
, , f ''(x) < 0 .
2x
4x x
f
1
, x + 1 x
4

o
:
4

3
3
1 x2
2
42
2
1

E = x + 1 x dx = + x x 2 =
+ 4 42 =
3
8
3

0 4
4 2
0
4

16
2
16
16 18 16 2
+ 4 23 = 2 + 4 = 6 = = ..
8
3
3
3
3 3 3
4. M x, x x 0 Cf .
=

M 16t, 16t t 0 ( ) = (16t 0)2 +

d(t) = 256t 2 + 4 t 1

16t 1 .

= 256t 2 + 16t 8 t + 1 .

1
d(t) 0, ,
4
1
1

d '(t) =
2 256t + 16 8
=
2 t
2 256t 2 + 16t 8 t + 1

256t + 8
.
t

256t + 16t 8 t + 1
2
1
1
a(t) = 256t + 8
, t 0, , 0,
t
4
4
( )
1
2
1
a '(t) = 256 2 t = 256 +
.
t
t t
1
a '(t) > 0 , a(t) 0, ,
4

1
a(A) = lim a(t), a = ( , 68] , 0a(A).
4
t 0 +
=

1
a(t) = 0 t 0 0, a(t)
4
1
0, , .
4
:
t ( 0, t 0 ) , t < t0 a(t) < a(t 0 ) a(t) < 0 d '(t) < 0 ,

d(t) t (0, t 0 ]
1
t t 0 , , t > t0 a(t) > a(t 0 ) a(t) > 0 d '(t) > 0 ,
4
1
d(t) t t 0 , .
4
1
t = t 0 0, .
4

 1
t 0 0, d = ()
4
.

f (x)
, lim h(x) = 1 + f (0) .
x 0
x
f(x) = xh(x) lim ( xh(x) ) = 0 (1 + f (0)) = 0 ,

1. h(x) =

x 0

lim f (x) = 0 .
x 0

f R , R ,
0, lim f (x) = 0 = f (0) .
x 0

:
f (x) f (0)
f (x)
lim
= lim
= 1 + f (0) = 1 , f '(0) = 1 .
x 0
x 0 x
x 0
Cf x 0 = 0 ,
(0, 0) : y 0 = 1(x 0) y = x.
2. f [0, 1] R ,
f (0, 1), R ,
(0, 1)
f (1) f (0)
: f '() =
= f (1) f (0) .
1 0
f(0) < f(1) f(0), f(0) < f() ()
f R ,
f R f(x) 0 x R ,
f(x) > 0 f(x) < 0,
f R .
0 < (), f R .
f R .
3. g R ,
R f (
) x ( ), g '(x) = f '(x) 1
g ''(x) = f ''(x) , f ''(x) > 0 ( 2), g ''(x) > 0 .
g g(x) = 0
0, .
:
x > 0 g(x) > g(0) = 0, g
[0, +),
x < 0 g(x) < g(0) = 0, g
(, 0].
g x = 0, g(0) = f(0) 0 = 0.
g R , , 0,
lim g(x) = g(0) = 0 , g(x) g(0) = 0, x R (
x 0

0 x = 0).

1
= + ,
x 0 g(x)
x
x
1
x
1
lim
= lim

= lim
lim
= + .

x 0 xg(x)
x 0 x g(x)
x 0 x x 0 g(x)
4. g(x) 0 x[0, 2], ,
lim

g(x)dx > 0 (f (x) x)dx > 0 f (x)dx xdx > 0 f (x)dx > xdx
0

2 2

2
2
2
2
x
2 0
4 0
f (x)dx > f (x)dx >

f (x)dx > f (x)dx > 2 .

2 2
2 2
0
0
0
0
2 0
5. g(x) 0 x[0, 1], () :
2

x2
E() = g(x)dx = (f (x) x)dx = f (x)dx xdx = f (x)dx ,
0
0
0
0
0
2 0
12 02
5 1
5 1
1 0
e = f (x)dx e = f (x)dx
2 0
2 0
2 2
2 2
1
5 1
1
5 1 1
4
e = f (x)dx e + = f (x)dx f (x)dx = e
2 0
2
2 2 0
2
0
1

f (x)dx = e 2 .
0

(x) = f (t)dt 2 , x[0, 2].

0

(x) [0, 2], ,

1

(1) = f (t)dt 2 = e 2 2 = e 4 < 0

0
2

(2) = f (t)dt 2 > 0 ( 4), (1)(2) < 0

0

Bolzano (1, 2) ,

() = 0 f (t)dt 2 = 0 f (t)dt = 2 .


....

 .... 2003

-

20
03

B. ) f 1-1 .
) f ( x0 ) = lim f ( x ) > 0 f ( x ) > 0 x0
x x0

) ... x0 ( a, ) :

f ' ( x0 ) =

f (a) f ( )
> 0 f f ( a ) < f ( )
a

) f '' ( x ) 0, x . (: f ( x ) = x 4 :
f ' ( x ) = 4 x3 , f '' ( x ) = 12 x 2 0 x R )

) f ( x ) = 0 x [ , ]

f ( x ) dx = 0 ()

) f 2

f ( x ) 0 x [ a, ] . f ,

f ( x ) dx > 0 .

. A = ( 0, + )
'

( x)

f '( x) =

( ln ( ax )) x ln ( ax )

( )
x

'

1
'
1
( ax ) x ln ( ax )
ax
2 x=
=
x

x ln ( ax )
1 ln ( ax )

x
2
x
x
2 x = 2 ln ( ax )
=
=
x
x
2x x

f ' (1) =

(1)

2 ln a
= 1 2 ln a = 2 ln a = 0 a = 1
2

. ) =1 :
f ( x) =

ln x
2 ln x
, x > 0 f ' ( x ) =
,x > 0
x
2x x

f '( x) = 0
f '( x)
f ( x)

e2

f ( e2 ) =

ln e 2
e2

2
( max )
e

max

ln x
1

= lim+
ln x = + ( ) =
x x0 x

) lim f ( x ) = lim
x 0

20
03

2 ln x
= 0 ln x = 2 x = e2
2x x

x0

( ln x ) = lim
ln x
= lim
'
x +
x +
x x + x

lim f ( x ) = lim

x +

( )

'

1
x
1

2 x

2 x
2
= lim
=0
x +
x +
x
x

= lim

f ( 0, e 2 = , f ( e 2 , + ) ) = ,0 )
e
e

x = 0 y = 0 .

) ln ( )

+1

> ln

+1

+ 1 ln > ln + 1

1
+ 1 ln > ln ( + 1)
2
ln ln ( + 1)
>

+1
f ( ) > f ( + 1)

+ 1 > 8 > e 2 f e 2 , + )

 3
. ) z1 =
=

1+ i (a i)

1 + f ( ) i f ( a ) i f ( )

1 i a
=
1 i f (a)

(1 i a ) (1 + i f ( a ) )
(1 + a f ( a ) ) + i ( a + f ( a ) )
=
1+ f 2 (a)
1 i f ( a ) 1 + i f ( a )

z1 R a + f ( a ) = 0 f ( a ) = a

20
03

) z = iw a + i = i ( f ( a ) + i f ( ) ) a + i = f ( ) if ( a )

f ( a ) = f ( ) = a . w = + i . A ( a, ) B ( , a ) .

( OA) =

a 2 + 2 , ( OB ) = a 2 + 2 O A B .
>

( AB ) = ( a + ) + ( a ) =
2

= a 2 + 2 + 2a + a 2 + 2 2a = 2 ( a 2 + 2 ) = ( OA) + ( OB )
2

. ) a + i i ( f ( a ) + if ( ) ) = a + i + if ( a ) f ( )
2

a + f ( ) + i ( f ( a ) ) = a2 + 2 + f 2 ( a ) + f 2 ( )
2

( a + f ( )) + ( f ( a ))
2

= a2 + 2 + f 2 (a ) + f 2 ( )

a 2 + f 2 ( ) + 2a f ( ) + 2 + f 2 ( a ) 2 f ( a ) = a 2 + 2 + f 2 ( a ) + f 2 ( )

2a f ( ) 2 f ( a ) = 0 a f ( ) f ( a ) = 0

) A ( a, ) B ( f ( a ) , f ( ) )
OA =

f ( )

OB =

a
f ( )

(1) OA = OB , , .
( f ( a ) 0 f ( a ) = 0 f ( ) = 0 )

y f ( x0 ) = f ' ( x0 )( x x0 )

Cf

M ( x0 , f ( x0 ) )

( 0, 0 )

f ( x0 ) = x0 f ' ( x0 ) x0 f ' ( x0 ) f ( x0 ) = 0 .

(,)

x f '( x) f ( x)
f ( x)
x f '( x) f ( x) = 0
=0
=0.
2
x
x

g ( x ) =

f ( x)
, x [ a, ]
x

'

g [ a, ]

g ( ) =

f ( ) f ( )
=
= g ( ) (1)
a

Rolle, ( , )

(t
x

20
03

g ' ( x ) = 0 x f ' ( x ) f ( x ) = 0

+ 1) f ( t )dt = 2 t f ( t ) dt 4 x f ( x ) tdt
x

''

'

t2
t
+
1
f
t
dt
=

2
t

f
t
dt

4
x

f
x

(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
0
0
0
x

''

'

2
''
'
( t + 1) f ( t ) dt = 2 t f ( t ) dt
x

4
x f ( x ) (1)
2

(1) :

(x
(x

2
2

+ 1) f '' ( x ) = 2 x f ' ( x ) 2 f ( x ) 2 x f ' ( x )

+ 1) f '' ( x ) + 2 x f ' ( x ) = 2 f ( x ) 2 x f ' ( x )

( x 2 + 1) f ' ( x ) = 2 x f ' ( x ) , ( x 2 + 1) f ' ( x ) = 2 x f ( x ) + C1 (2)

'

'

x = 0 f ' ( 0 ) = C1 C1 = 2

(2) :

(x

+ 1) f ' ( x ) + 2 x f ( x ) = 2

( x 2 + 1) f ' ( x ) = ( 2 x ) '

'

(x

+ 1) f ( x ) = 2 x + C2

x = 0 f ( 0 ) = C2 C2 = 0 . f ( x ) =

2x
,x R
x +1
2

( t 2 + 1) f ' ( t ) 2t f ' ( t ) dt = 2 t f ' ( t ) dt 4 xf ( x ) tdt

0
x

2
( x + 1) f ' ( x ) f ' ( 0) = 4 x f ( x ) t2
0
2

(x
(x

2
2

+ 1) f ' ( x ) 2 = 2 x f ( x )
+ 1) f ' ( x ) + 2 x f ( x ) = 2

( x 2 + 1) f ( x ) = ( 2 x )'

'

( x 2 + 1) f ( x ) = 2 x + c

x = 0 f ( 0 ) = c c = 0 ( x 2 + 1) f ( x ) = 2 x f ( x ) =
) ( a ) =
a

a
2x
dx = ln ( x 2 + 1) ' dx = ln ( x 2 + 1) = ln ( a 2 + 1) .
2
0
x +1
0
a

20
03

2x
x +1
2

a :

2a ( t ) a ' ( t )
1
a 2 ( t ) + 1) ' =
.
(
a (t ) + 1
a2 ( t ) + 1

E ' ( a ) = ln ( a 2 ( t ) + 1) ' =

10
10
3 cm 2 / sec = 2cm 2 / sec .
a ' ( t ) = cm / sec a ( t ) = 3cm , E ' (1) =
3
9 +1
23

E ( a ) a = 3cm .

) i ) x + x > 0 :

f ( x) g ( x) + x 2 f ( x)

2x
2x
g ( x ) ( x + 2) 2
x +1
x +1
2

2x
2x
= 0 = lim 2
.
lim 2

x +
x + x + 1
x +1

lim g ( x ) ( x + 2 ) = 0 y = x + 2
x +

C g + .

ii) E = g ( x ) ( x + 2 ) dx = g ( x ) + x 2 dx
2

g ( x ) + x 2 f ( x ) ( i)

g ( x ) + x 2 f ( x ) 0 .

g ( x ) + x 2 f ( x ) dx 0
2

g ( x ) + x 2 dx
2

2x
dx 0
x +1
2

E ln ( x 2 + 1) 0
2
0

E ln 5 0 E ln 5

 .... 2004

20
04

1
.
, 194: .
.
1 > 0 346.
2 = f(3) f(0) < 0 f(3) < f(0)
I3 = f '(3)f '(0) < 0 Cf (3, f (3) ) (0, f (0) )
.
.
1
2
3
4
.
, 224 1 8.
2
: lim (g(x) + 2) = 0 (1)
x +

. i) T

lim (f(x) - x - 2) = 0 (2)

x +

g' (x)
(, +) , f '(x)1.
f ' (x) - 1
(g(x) + 2)'
g' (x)
=
(f(x) - x - 2)'
f ' (x) - 1

: f '(x)g '(x)=1g '(x)=f '(x)1, : lim

x +

g' (x)
=1.
f ' (x) - 1

De l' Hospital :
g(x) + 2
(g(x) + 2)'
g' (x)
L= lim
= lim
= lim
=1.
x + f(x) - x - 2
x + (f(x) - x - 2)'
x + f ' (x) - 1

ii) lim (g(x) + 2) = 0 lim g(x) = -2 , Cf +

x +

x +

y =2.
, lim (f(x) - x - 2) = 0 lim [f(x) - (x + 2)] = 0 , Cf +
x +

x +

y = x+2

) g 1 , 2 IR 1 < 2. ( )
E Rolle g [1, 2] , IR
g [1,2]
g (1,2) ,
g(1) = g(2)=0.
, (1, 2) o, g '()=0. : f '() g'()=1 f '()=1. ,
f '(x) 1. , g IR.
) f '(x)g '(x) =x (f(x)g(x))' = (x)', , . . .
, c IR , f(x)g(x)=x+c (1)
f (x)x2 = g (x) + 2 + c4. ( 2 )
lim (f(x) - x - 2) = 0 lim [(g(x) + 2) + c - 4] = 0 + c - 4 , (2)
x +

x +

. , : 0 = c4 c = 4. , : f(x)g(x)=x4, x IR..
[ (1) f '(x)g '(x) =x ]

. i) , , f(t)=
2

g '(x) =

IR , g IR

+ et

> 0, , g 11
+ et
.
ii) Cg (x, g(x)) x IR , Cg1
(g(x), x) ' (g(x), x) z = g(x)+xi, x IR

20
04

. )
| z +i| |z1| | g(x)xi+i | | g(x)+xi1|

g 2 (x) + (1 - x) 2 (g(x) - 1) 2 + x 2

..2x 2g(x) g(x) x

Re(z) Im(z), x IR

) : h(x) = g(x) x, xIR .

g(x) x g(x) x 0 h(x) 0 xIR .
0
2
, g (0) =
dx = 0 h(0)=0, h ( ) x=0.
0 a + et

h'(x) = g'(x)1 =

1, xIR

+ et

x=0 h h ' ,
Fermat : h'(0)=0

+ e0

1 = 0 =1.

. g IR [1, 2] (1, 2).

.. , (1, 2)
g (2) - g(1)
= g ' ( )

2 -1
2
1
2
2
2
dt
dt =

t
t
0 a+e
0 a+e
a + e

a+e

dt

a+e

dt =

(1, 2) :
1<<2

<

1
1+ e

<

1+ e

1+ e

<

1+ e

a+e

(1) :
1

1+ e

<

a+e

<

(1)

[ ex IR ]

1+e < 1+e < 1+e2

2

a + e

e < e < e2

1
1+ e

dt

[ =1 ]

1
a+e

dt <

1
1+ e

 4
) i)

f 2 (x) + g 2 (x) = 1
f(x) = g 2 (x) 0

(1) , x IR
(2) , x IR

( f 2(x) + g 2(x) )' = 0

2f(x)f '(x) + 2g(x)g '(x) = 0

2f(x)g 2(x) + 2g(x)g '(x) = 0

g(x) 0 f (x)g(x) + g '(x) = 0 g '(x) = f(x) g(x), x IR

20
04

ii) g , ,
IR . g(0) = 1 > 0, :
g(x) > 0
(3), x IR .
H f IR , (2): f '(x)=g2(x) > 0.
(1): f 2(0) + g2(0) = 1 f 2(0) + 1 = 1 f (0) = 0. (4)
,
x < 0 f (x) < f (0) f (x) < 0
x > 0 f (x) > f (0) f (x) > 0
H g '(x)=g(x)f(x), (3), x 0 f(x),
x < 0 f (x) < 0 g '(x) > 0
x > 0 f (x) > 0 g '(x) < 0
, g, x0=0, (, 0]
[0, +) ( ) g(0) = 1,
.
i) (3) :
g(x1) < g(x2) g2 (x1) < g2 (x2) f '(x1) < f '(x2 ), x1, x2 IR .
, , f g. E, f
(, 0], [0, +) (0, f (0)) = (0, 0).
. g , g2, (2)
f, f . :
f ''(x) = ( f '(x) )' = (g2(x))' = 2g(x) g '(x) , (3), f ''(x) x 0
g'(x):
x < 0 g '(x) > 0 f ''(x) > 0
x > 0 g '(x) < 0 f ''(x) < 0
E f x0=0 , (, 0],
[0, +) (0, f (0)) = (0, 0).
ii) y f (0) = f '(0) ( x 0 ) y = f '(0)x y=x (2)
f '(0)=1.
. f [0, +), Cf
y=x x(0, +), : x f (x) xf (x) 0 x[0,+)

| x - f(x) | dx = (x - f(x))dx =

x +

(i) 1
0

g ' (x)
g(x)

dx

1
0
=
+ ln | g(x) | = + ln | g(1) | - - ln | g(0) |
2
2
0 2
2

1
1
+ ln | g(1) | - ln1 = + ln[g(1)] .
2
2

[ g( 1 ) > 1 (3) ]

 2005

&

0 5
2 0

1
. 1 () 2 () 3 () 4 () ...

f ( ) < f ( )

5 () :
2
)

1
x

f ( ) f ( )
> 0 <

O
M E
AT E
A
20
05

x0 ( , ) f ( x0 ) =

f ( x ) 0 x [ a, ]
1

x > 0, f ( x ) =

( ln x 2 ) +

( ln x 2 ) + 2 x

( ln x 2 + 2 ) =

x
x
1

ln x =
) lim+ f ( x ) = lim+
x 0
x 0
x

1
lim+
= + lim+ ln x =
x 0
x0
x
( ln x ) x ln x
) >0, f ( x ) =
2
x

( )

ln x

f ( x ) dx > 0

1
=
x

( x ) =

x
1
1
ln x
ln x

x
2 x = x 2 x = 2 ln x
=
x
x
2x x
2
2
2 ln x 0 ln x 2 ln x ln e 0 < x e
x

f(x)
F(x)

 2005

f ( e2 ) = 2e ( ln e2 2) = 0

M ( e 2 ,0 )
)

e2

E=

1/ e

ln x
ln x
ln x
dx =
dx +
dx
x
x
x
1/ e
1
e2

= 2 x ( ln x 2)

1/ e

+ 2 x ( ln x 2 ) =
e2

2 1

2
ln 2 + 2 e ( ln e 2 ) 2 ( 2 )
e e

2
6
=8+
( 1 2 ) + 2e ( 2 2 ) = 8 ..
e
e
3

O
M E
AT E
A
20
05

= 2 ( 2 ) +

Re ( z ) > Im ( z ) e x > x 1 e x x + 1 > 0

f ( x ) = e x x + 1, x R . f ( x ) = e x 1
x
f(x)
F(x)

H f =0 2.

f ( x) > 0

xR

f ( x ) f ( 0 ) = 2 > 0

w = e x + ( x 1) i + e x + ( x 1) i + 2i =
2

= e2 x + 2i ( x 1) e x ( x 1) + e x + ( x 1) i + 2i =
2

= e 2 x + e x ( x 1) + i 2 ( x 1) e x + x + 1
x
g ( x ) = 2 ( x 1) e + x + 1, x [ 0,1]
g [ 0,1]
g ( 0 ) = 2 + 1 = 1

g ( 0 ) g (1) < 0
g (1) = 1 + 1 = 2
Bolzano x0 ( 0,1) g ( x0 ) = 0
x0 ( 0,1) 0 W

 2005
)

z = e 2 x + ( x 1)

h ( x ) = e2 x + ( x 1)

h ( x ) = 2e2 x + 2 ( x 1) . =0

h ( 0 ) = 2 2 = 0 . h ( x ) = 4e2 x + 2 > 0 . h ( x ) .

<0

min

h ( x ) < h ( 0 ) = 0 >0

h ( x ) > h ( 0 ) = 0 . h ( x )

O
M E
AT E
A
20
05

x
h(x)
H(x)

z = e0 + ( 0 1) i = 1 i

=0.

e x f ( x ) + e x f ( x ) + f ( x ) = x

e x f ( x ) + f ( x ) = ( x )
c R :
e x f ( x ) + f ( x ) = x + c, x R

(e

+ 1) f ( x ) = x + c .

=0

2 f ( 0 ) = 0 + c 2

1
= 1+ c c = 0
2

x
, xR
1 + ex
x x
f ( x ) + f ( x ) =
+
= K = x (1)
1 + e x 1 + e x
1
x
1

, x R 1 x 1
)
1 + e x 1 + ex 1 + ex
1
= 0 ,
lim
x+ 1 + e x
lim f ( x ) = 0
x+

f ( x) =

) (1)

f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx =

/2

/ 2

/2

/2

/ 2

/ 2

xdx (2)

 2005

f ( x ) dx x = u dx = du .

/2

/ 2

x = / 2 u = / 2 x = / 2

u = / 2

f ( x ) du = f ( u ) du = f ( u ) du .

/2

/ 2

/2

/ 2

/2

/ 2

(2) :

I + I = [ x ] / 2 2 = / 2 ( / 2 ) = 1 + 1 = 2
/2

) f

f ( x) =

x (1 + e x ) x e x x (1 + e x ) + e x x
=
<0
2
2
x
x
(1 + e )
(1 + e )

0, 2 .

O
M E
AT E
A
20
05

= 1.

x [0, / 2] . f [ 0, / 2] f ( 0 ) =

f ( / 2 ) = 0 .

/2
0

f ( x ) dx

.
4

1
0 f ( x )
2

1
2

 2006

20
06

) ) ) ) ) )
2

z+i
i
w i 1 + iz
z + i i i2z 2z
=
=
=
= z
)
2
z+i
w+i
z
+
i
+
i
+
i
z
2
i
+1
1 + iz
) () : w i = w + i . w = x + yi

x + yi i = x + yi + i x + ( y 1) i = x + ( y + 1) i

x 2 + ( y 1) = x 2 + ( y + 1) x 2 + y 2 2 y + 1 = x 2 + y 2 + 2 y + 1 y = 0
xx.
z+i
z i
) w I w = w
=

1 + iz
1 iz
( z + i ) 1 i z = (1 + iz ) z i
2

)
z + i iz z + z = ( z + iz z i + z )

z + i iz z + z = z iz z + i z 2 z = 2 z z = z z I .
f (a)i + i
f (a) +1
) f ( ) i =

=
< 0 f ( a ) > 1
(
)
1 + i2 f (a)
1 f (a)
f ( a ) f ( ) < 0 . f [ a, ] .
. Bolzano f ( x ) = 0
( a, ) .

 2006

3
) f ' ( x ) = e x a f ' ( 0 ) = 1 a
: y f (0) = f '(0)( x 0)

y = (1 a) x

) f ( x ) 0 e a x ln a
x

20
06

f ( x )

ln a

f ( x)

f x0 = ln a

g ( a ) = eln a a ln a 1 = a a ln a 1

g ' ( a ) = 1 ln a 1 = ln a < 0 a (1, + ) g

[1, + ) g [1, + ) a > 1
g ( a ) < g (1) = 0

) i) E ( a ) = f ( x ) (1 a ) x dx . f
a
0

f '' ( x ) = e > 0 = (1 ) x c f ( 0, f ( 0 ) ) ,
:
f ( x ) (1 a ) x x R
x

E ( a ) = ( e ax 1 x + a x ) dx = ( e x x 1) dx
a

x x2

a2
a
= e x = e a 1 ..
2
2

a
0

e a )
(
ea 1 1 1
ea
ii) E ( a ) = a 2 2 . lim 2 = lim 2
a + a
a + a
2 a a
( )
a

e a )
(
ea
ea
= lim
= lim
= lim
= + . lim E ( a ) = +
+ 2 a
a + ( 2 )
+ 2
a+

 2006

20
06

) x t = u ( x t )dt = du x dt = du
1
x 0 dt = du
x
t = 0 u = 0 t = 1 u = x .
x
x
u 1
1
g ( x ) = f ( u ) dx = 2 u f ( u ) du
x x
x 0
0
,
.
x
1
g ( x ) = 2 t f ( t ) dt , x 0
x 0
) g x0 = 0, lim g ( x ) = g ( 0 ) .
x 0

t2 1
g ( 0 ) = t f ( 0 ) dt = f ( 0 ) t dt = f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 )
2 0 2
0
0
1

lim x = 0 lim t f ( t ) dt = t f ( t ) dt = 0
2

x 0

x 0

( t f ( t ) dt , )
x

. De L Hospital
x

t f ( t ) dt
= lim x f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 )
lim g ( x ) = lim 0
x 0
x x0
x 0
x 0
2x
2
2
( x 2 )

f x0 = 0 lim g ( x ) = g ( 0 )
x 0

g x0 = 0
) x > 0 :
x
x
x
x
1
1
x 2 t f ( t ) dt < f ( t ) dt t f ( t ) dt < f ( t ) dt
x 0
x0
0
0

t f ( t ) dt < x f ( t ) dt t f ( t ) dt x f ( t ) dt < 0
x

h ( x ) = t f ( t ) dt x f ( t ) dt , x 0
x

 2006

h ( x ) = x f ( x ) f ( t ) dt x f ( x ) = f ( t ) dt < 0 >0.
x

f ( t ) > 0 :

f ( t ) dt > 0 >0.
x

h [ 0, + ) ( )

20
06

h [ 0, + ) . >0

h ( x ) < h ( 0 ) h ( 0 ) = t f ( t ) dt = 0
0
0

g ( x ) < 0 >0.

) g [1, 2] :

2
1
2

1
1
g ( 2 ) = t f ( t )dt = t f ( t ) dt + t f ( t ) dt =
40
4 0

t f ( t ) dt = g (1) .
1
0

. Rolle (1, 2 ) g ' ( ) = 0 .

x g ( x ) = t f ( t ) dt :
2

2 x g ( x ) + x 2 g ' ( x ) = x f ( x ) 2 g ( x ) + x g ' ( x ) = f ( x ) x =
: 2 g ( ) + g ' ( ) = f ( ) 2 g ( ) = f ( )

x0

 2007

&

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

1
. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.

2
) f ' ( x ) = 2 x e x ( x 2 + a ) e x = ( 2 x x 2 a ) e x = ( x 2 + 2 x a ) e x
f ( 0 ) = a f ' ( 0 ) = a

: y a = a x y = a x + a

( 0, f ( 0 ) ) . y = 2 x + 2 a = 2 a = 2

a = 2 .
) a = 2 f ( x ) = ( x 2 + 2 ) e x f ' ( x ) = ( x 2 + 2 x 2 ) e x < 0
x x 2 + 2 x 2 < 0 e x > 0 x .
f ( x ) .

) lim f ( x ) = lim ( x 2 + 2 ) e x = +
x
x

lim ( x 2 + 2 ) = + lim e x = +
x

lim f ( x ) = lim ( x + 2 ) e
x +
x +
2

(x + 2 )' =
x 2 + 2 +
= lim
=
lim

x +
x +
ex
(e x ) '
( +0 )

2x
( 2 x ) ' = lim 2 = 0
=
lim
x + e x
x + e x '
( ) x + e x

= lim

) () () f ( x )
f ( ) = ( 0, + ) 2007. f ( x ) ,

f ( x ) = 2007 .

 2007

) z + w

= z w

.... z w + z w = 0

(1 ) = z

w + z w = 0

2 Re z w = 0 Re z w = 0

( ) =

z w .

( ) + ( ) = ( ) z

+w

= z w

...

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

) z w + z w = 0 ( ()) z w = z w .
z
z
z
2
w w = w
=

.
w
w
w
) , z , w ( ) = z , ( ) = w

Re z w = 0 .

uuur uuur uuur uuur
z + w = z w OA + OB = OA OB
uuur uuur 2
uuur uuur 2
OA + OB = OA OB
uuur 2 uuur 2
uuur uuur uuur 2 uuur 2
uuur uuur
OA + OB + 2OA OB = OA + OB 2OA OB ...
uuur uuur
OA OB = 0 AOB = 9 0 0

4 ,
( ) = z + w ( ) = z w z + w = z w

) (

( ) = ( ) . .

)
z w = a + i f (a ) f ( ) + i = a f ( ) f (a ) + a + f (a ) f ( ) i
f (a ) f ( )
Re z w = 0 a f ( ) f (a ) = 0
=
.
a

(a , )

f (x )
x f ' ( x ) f ( x ) = 0 ...
' = 0 . . Rolle
x
f (x )
h ( x ) =
[a , ] , x 0 (a , ) ...
x

 2007

1
2x
g ' ' ( x ) =
2
1+x
1+ x2

0
+
+
-

) g ' ( x ) =

x
g "(x )
g (x )

. .
) x = 0 0 g ( 0 ) 0 .

x > 0 ... [ 0, x ]

g (x ) g (0 ) g (x )
=

x
x

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

( 0, x ) g ' ( ) =

1
g ' ( ) 1 g ' ( x ) g ' ( ) g ' ( 0 ) . g ' ( x )
1+x2
[0, + )

0 < < x ( )

:
x
x
1
x
g (x )

dt
2
2
1+x
1 +t
1 +x2
0
h ( x ) =
h (x ) =
=

2x 2

1 +t
x

dt

x
,x 0
1+x2

1
1 + x 2 x 2x 1 + x 2 1 + x 2

=
=
2 2
2 2
1+x2
1
+
x
1
+
x
(
)
(
)

(1 + x )

2 2

> 0 x ( 0, + ) h [0, + ) .

h ( x ) [0, + ) . x 0 h ( x ) h ( 0 ) = 0 .

: g ( x ) x x [0, + ) .

) h ( x ) = g ( x ) + g ( x ) =

1
0 1 + t 2 d t +
x

1 +t

dt .

1
1
h ' ( x ) =

= 0 h ( x ) = c
2
1+x
1+x2
x = 0 h ( 0 ) = 0 . h ( x ) = 0 , x .

1
1
g ( x ) + g ( x ) =
dt +
dt .
2
1+t
1 +t2
0
0
x

g ( x ) t = u d t = d u

 2007

t = 0, u = 0 t = 0, u = x .
g ( x ) =

x
0

1
1
d t =
du
2
1+t
1 +u2
0
x

1
1
d t > 0 .
) f (t ) =
> 0 g ( x ) =
2
1 +t
1 +t2
0
1

= g ( x ) d x = x ' g ( x ) d x = x g ( x ) 0 x g ' ( x ) d x =
0

= g (1 )

x
1
d x = g (1 )
2
1+x
2
0
1

1
0

( ln (1 + x ) ) ' d x
1

OE
MA
E
TA
20
0

1
1
1
= g (1 ) ln (1 + x 2 ) = g (1 ) ln 2 ..
0
2
2

 2008

'
&

20
08

1
.

. 251 .
. 224 .

. (), . (), . (), . ().

. 0, . 8, . 44

2
.

f x < 0, x > 0,
x c(x) = . x0 = 0 :

lim f(x) = lim+ (x + ) =

x 0 +

x 0

lim f(x) = lim (( 1)x + 1) = 1

x 0

x 0

f(0) = 1 . x0 = 0 :

lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0) = 1

x 0 +

x 0

, = 1.
.

x > 0 :
lim

x 0 +

f(x) f(0)
x + 1
x + 1 1
x
= lim+
= lim+
= lim+
=1
x

0
x

0
x

0
x0
x
x
x

x < 0 :
lim

x 0

f(x) f(0)
( 1)x + 1 1
( 1)x
= lim
= lim
= 1
x 0
x 0
x0
x
x

x0 = 0 :
f(x) f(0)
f(x) f(0)
lim+
= lim
1 = 1 = 2
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 0
, = 2.
.

.. f (2) = f() = , 11.

 2008

x + 1, x > 0
f(x) =
x 0
x + 1,

f(x) dx = f(x) dx + f(x) dx = (x + 1) dx + (x + 1) dx =

0

= + x + [x + x] 0 = + 2
2
2
0

20
08

3
.

i. xIR :
x
x
x
x
f(x) = (e1e )' = (1 e x )'e1e = e x e1e = e1+ x e

e1+ x e > 0 f(x) < 0 IR , f

IR
x

ii. xIR :

f(x) = (e1+ x e )' = (1 + x e x )'e1+ x e = (1 e x ) e1+ x e = (e x 1) e1+ x e

x

x
x
x
:f(x) = 0
(e 1) e1+ x e = 0
e 1 = 0
e = 1
x = 0
f(x) > 0
x > 0, f(x) < 0
x < 0
x

H f IR f(x) < 0 (, 0),

(, 0]. f(x) > 0 (0,+), f
[0, +).
, (0, f (0)),

, .
f (0) = e11 = e0 = 1 , (0, 1 ).
, , :

lim f(x) = lim (e1e )

x +

lim f(x) = lim (e1e )

x +

u = 1 ex :

lim u = lim (1 - e x ) =

x +

x +

lim u = lim (1 - e x ) = 1 - 0 = 0

lim f(x) = lim (e1-e ) = lim e u = 0

x

x +

x +

 2008

lim f(x) = lim (e1e ) = lim (e u ) = e

u 1

,
y = 0 + y = e .

:
y

y=e

20
08

x
f(x)
f(x)

y=0

f (x)

0
|
|

. f(x) < 0, |f(x)| = f(x) :

E=

1
ln
2

| f ' (x) | dx =

= e1e + e1e
0

ln

1
2

1
ln
2

1
= f(0) + f ln =
2

f ' (x) dx = [f (x)]

1
ln
2

= 1 + e1 / 2

4
.

f, g ,

f(t) dt

g(t) dt ,

, ,
(1), :
( f(t) dt 2)' = (x g(t) dt)'

f (x) = x g(x) +

x = 0 : f (0) = 0 +

x 0 (3) :

g(t) dt

(3)

g(t) dt = 0

f(x)
= g(x) +
x

g(t) dt
x

 2008

f(x)
lim
= lim g(x) +
x 0 x
x 0

g(t) dt

g IR , x0 = 0, lim g ( x ) = g(0) .
h(x) =
x0 = 0, :

x 0

g(t) dt , xIR, ,

lim g(t) dt = lim h(x) = h(0) = g(t) dt = 0

0

20
08

, :

x 0 0

x 0

lim

g(t) dt

x 0

0/0 De L Hospital:

lim
x 0

, :

= lim

x 0

g(x)
= g(0)
x 0 1

= lim

(x)'

f(x)
lim
= lim g(x) +
x 0 x
x 0

g(t) dt
= 2g(0)
x

f(x) f(0)
f(x)
= lim
= 2g(0)
x 0
x 0 x
x 0

f ' (0) = lim

( g(t) dt)'
x

g(t) dt

H (1) x = 1

2 =

g(t) dt
1

(4)

g(x) IR
. g(x) > 0

g(t) dt
1

>0
2>0

. g(x) < 0, xIR.

H (1) x = 0

f(t) dt 2 = 0

f(t) dt = 2

g(x) < 0
g(x) > 0 xIR, :

x 0
x < 0

[g(t)]dt > 0 g(t) dt > 0 ,

x

0
0

[ g(t)]dt 0 g(t) dt 0 , : x g(t) dt 0

x

0
0

, xIR (1) :
x g(t) dt 0

x

(5)
x

: x g(t) dt < 0
0
0
x

f(t) dt 2 0

 2008

[ f(t) dt = 2 (5)]
0

f(t) dt 2

f(t) dt f(t) dt

2 : F(x) =

f(t) dt , xIR

F(x) = f (x). (3), g(x) < 0, :

x > 0 f (x) = x g(x) +

g(t) dt < 0
F(x) < 0

x = 0 f (0) = 0
F(x) = 0

20
08

x < 0 f (x) = x g(x) +

g(t) dt > 0
F(x) > 0

F(x) F(0), xIR :

F(x) F(0)

f(t) dt f(t) dt
0

( Rolle ). :
(x) =

f(t) dt 2 g(t) dt 2x x[0, 1]

x

f, g ,

f(t) dt

g(t) dt -

, .
,
, (x), , :
, (0, 1)

(x) = f (x) 2g(x) 2

[0, 1], .
:
(0) = 0
(1) =

f(t) dt 2 g(t) dt 2
1

 f(t) dt 2 g(t) dt 2
1
0
0

= 2 2(2) 2 = 0

[ (4) (5) ]

, (x) Rolle,
(0, 1)
() = 0
f () 2g() 2 =0
f () = 2g() + 2,

(0, 1) f (x) = 2g(x) + 2.

 2009

'
&

1
. . 260

1. . . 280
2. . . 191

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2
.

z+

20
09

1
= 1 z 2 + 1 = z z 2 + z + 1 = 0 z1 z 2 = 1 ( Vieta)
z

1 + i 3
1 i 3
2
z 2 =
= 1 -4.1.1 = -3 z1 =

2
2

z1 + z1 + 1 = 0 z + z1 + z1 = 0 z1 = ( z1 + z1 ) = 1
2

3
1

z1 z 2 z12009 = z1

2009

z1 2009 + z 2 2009
1

1
3
z = + i
= ...
2
2

3
1

= z2 2009

+ 1 = z18 + z110 + 1 = ( z13 ) .z12 + ( z13 ) z1 + 1 = z12 + z1 + 1 = 0

2

z18 +

g ( x ) = f ( x ) 3x + 2, [0,1] (f
3x+2

10
2

( z + z ) 2 z1 z2 + 4 = ( 1) 2.1 + 4 = 3 > 0
z z
z 2 + z22
g (0) = f (0) + 2 = 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 1
+4= 1 2
z 2 z1
z1 z2
z1 z2
1
1
1 3
2 z + 2 z1 5 2 5
g (1) = f (1) 3 + 2 =
+
1 = 2
=
= 3 < 0
2 z1 2 z 2 2
4 z1 z2
2 4 2
2

 2009

Bolzano x0 ( 0,1)

g ( x0 ) = 0 f ( x0 ) 3 x0 + 2 = 0 f ( x0 ) = 3x0 2
.

w = 2(z1+z2)=2(-1)=-2 (-2,0),
2
1
3

=
= 2 + + 0
2
2

3 -1 2
, ,

2 2
2

9 3
+ = 3
4 4

20
09

2
1 3

= 3
= 2 + +
2 2

=
2

3o
.

f ( x ) = x + 2 + 2 ln x .. D f = (0,+ )
2
> 0 f (0,+ )
x
2
f ( x) =
< 0 f (0,+)
x2

f ( x) = 1 +

lim f ( x) = lim+ ( x + 2 + 2 ln x ) = 0 + 2 =

x 0 +

x >0

lim f ( x) = lim ( x + 2 + 2ln x ) = + + 2 + = + f()= ( ,+ )

x +

0 f (A) f(x)=0 x0 (0,+ ) ,

x +

f (0,+ )

g(x) g(x0) g x0.

g(x)=

(ln x + 1)( x + 2 ) x ln x =
( x + 2 )2

x ln x + 2 ln x + x + 2 x ln x
=
( x + 2 )2

2 ln x + x + 2
f ( x)
=
2
( x + 2)
( x + 2 )2
f ( x)
g ( x) = 0
= 0 f ( x) = 0
( x + 2 )2
=

 2009

g(x) x0 g ( x ) g ( x0 )
f(x-2)<2f(x+1)-f(x+4)
f(x+4) f(x+1)<f(x+1)-f(x-2)

f ( x + 4) f ( x + 1) f ( x + 1) f ( x 2)
<
( x + 4) ( x + 1)
( x + 1) ( x 2)
... 1 , ( x + 1, x + 4 ) 2 ( x 2, x + 1)
f ( x + 4) f ( x + 1)
f ( x + 1) f ( x 2)
f ( 1 ) =
f ( 2 ) =

( x + 1) (x 2)
( x + 4) ( x + 1)
f (1 ) < f ( 2 )

20
09

f (0,+) f (0,+ ) 0< x-2 < 1<x+1<2<x+4

f ' ( 1 ) > f ' ( 2 ) .

4o
.

x (0, +) :
1
x

f( ) =

x +1
ex

f ( 1 ) = e _ x
x

1
x +1 1
1
1
_x 1
f( ) = x (- 2 ) [f ( )] = (e
)
2
x
x
e
x
x
x

1
+c
x

x = 1 f(1) =

1
+ c c= 0
e

1
_x 1
x
x
1
1

= x = , (0, +). f() = e-1/

x

f ( ) = e

f(x) = xe-1/x x (0, +).

2 :
1
x

f ( ) =

x +1
, x>0
ex

1
1
= x=
>0
x

1
f () = ( +1) e -1/ f () = ( e -1/) f() = e -1/ + c

x = 1 = 1 f(1) = e-1 + c c = 0
f() = e -1/, >0 f(x) = x e -1/x , x>0

 2009

1
1
= e -1/x (1 + )
2
x
x

1. f (x) = e -1/x + xe -1/x

2
1
, f(1) =
e
e

f (1) =

x0 = 1 :

y f(1) = f(1)(x-1) y =

2
1
xe
e

()

1
e -1/x > 0 x > 0.
3
x

20
09

2. : f (x) =

f(x) (0, +) Cf ()
.
2
1
2
1
x - f(x) - x + 0 x [1,2]
e
e
e
e
2
2
2
1
2
1
(f(x) - x + )dx >0 f(x)dx + (- x + )dx >0
e
e
e
e
1
1

f(x)

2
1 2
f(x)dx + [- x + ] 1 >0
e
e

2
f(x)dx - > 0
e

f(x)dx >

2
e

_1

f ( x) e x
g(x) = 3 = 2 >0 [1,t]
x
x

=
.

g(x)dx =

lim E (t ) = lim (e
t +

t +

1
t

t
1 -1/x
e
dx = [e -1/x ] 1 = e -1/t - e-1 ..
2
x

e 1 ) = lim (e e 1 ) = 1 e 1
0

1
( - =, t + 0 )
t

2010

' .
&

2
)

.334.
. 213.
. 212.

20
1

.
.1.
.2.
.

1 + 2w
( w 1) z (1 w) = 1 + 2w z zw = 1 + 2w
1 w
2 w + zw = z 1 w(2 + z ) = z 1
z 1
z 1
w=
+1
( z 2) w + 1 =
z+2
z+2
z 1 + z + 2 2 z + 1
w +1=
=
.
z+2
z+2
w + 1 = 1 .

z =

w +1 =
2

2z +1
= 1 2 z +1 = z + 2
z+2
2

2 z + 1 = z + 2 (2 z + 1)(2 z + 1) = ( z + 2)( z + 2)
2

4 zz + 2 z + 2 z + 1 = zz + 2 z + 2 z + 4 3 z = 3 z = 1 .
1
1
1
2
i)
z1 = 1 z1 = 1 z1z1 = 1 z1 = , z2 =
, z3 =
z1
z2
z3
z R z = z ( )
= .

2010

20 20
10 10

z +z z +z z +z z
z
z
z
z
z
= 1 2 + 2 3+ 1 3= 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 3 =
z3 z1 z2 z3 z3 z1 z1 z2 z2
1
1
1
1
1
1
z
z
z z z z z z
z
z
z
z
= 1 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 3 = 3+ 3+ 1+ 1+ 2+ 2=
1
1
1
1
1
1
z1 z 2 z 2 z3 z1 z3
z3 z3 z1 z1 z2 z2
z + z2 z2 + z3 z1 + z3
= 1
+
+
= .
z3
z1
z2
z

1 + z2 + z3 + z1 + z2 + z3
z
z2 z3 z2 z3 z1 z2 z3 z1
1

Re + + =
=
z2 z3 z1
2

ii)

z1 z2 z3 z2 z3 z1
z1 + z2 z1 + z3 z2 + z3
+ + + + +
+
+
z2 z3 z1 z1 z2 z3
z3
z2
z1
=
=
2
2
z
z
z
3 2 1
z3 z2 z1
3
=
=
2
2

d ( K , ) =

3 ( 1) + 4 0 12

32 + 42

15
=3
5

:
( AM ) = d ( K , ) = 3 1 = 2

( BM ) = d ( K , ) + = 3 + 1 = 4 .
2

4
4
( ) ( ) = . ( ) : y = ( x + 1) 4 x 3 y + 4 = 0 .
3
3

3x + 4 y 12 = 0
4 12
4 12
( x, y ) = , M ,
4x 3 y + 4 = 0
5 5
5 5

4
12
( KM ) = + 1 + 0 =
5
5

225
=3
25

2010

( AM ) = ( KM ) = 3 1 = 2

( BM ) = ( KM ) + = 3 + 1 = 4 .

g ( x) = e x + x (1). g ( x ) = e x + 1 > 0 x (0, +) .

g 1 1 .

20
1

x +1
xf ( x ) e f ( x ) + 1 = x + 1
e
+1
1

f ( x )e f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 1 + e f ( x ) + f ( x ) = ( x + ln x )
x
f ( x)
e
+ f ( x ) = x + ln x + c .
xf ( x ) =

f ( x)

x = 1 e f (1) + f (1) = 1 + c c = 0.

e f ( x ) + f ( x ) = x + ln x = eln x + ln x (1)

g ( f ( x)) = g (ln x ) . g 1-1 . f ( x ) = ln x .

h ( x ) =

f ( x) 1
.
x

1
x (ln x 1)

ln x 1
2 ln x
x

h ( x ) =
=
=
.

x
x2
x2

h ( x ) = 0 2 ln x = 0 ln x = 2 x = e 2
x

h (x)

h(x)

e2

hmax = h e 2 =
:

( )

H h x 0, e 2
H h

x [e 2 , +)

ln e 2 1 1
= 2
e2
e

1
lim+ h ( x) = lim+ (ln x 1) = (+)() =
x0
x0 x

2010

(ln x 1)
ln x 1
1
= lim
= lim = 0 .
x+
x+
x+ x
x
( x)

lim h ( x ) = lim

x+

1 1
1

h ( A) = lim+ h( x), h e 2 lim h( x ), h e 2 = , 2 0, 2 = , 2 .
x0
x+

e e
e

( )

x x x x

=
.
e
e

x
x
x 0,
>
0
,
>0
2
e
e

20
1

( )

x x
x x
x
x

ln
=
ln

ln
=

ln

e
e
e
e
ln ( x) 1 ln ( x) 1
x (ln ( x ) ln e) = x (ln ( x) ln e)
=

x
x
h( x) = h ( x ) (2)

x 0, 0 < x < 1, 0 < x < 1
2

(0,1) (0,e2 ) .

h 1-1 0,e2 . (2)

x = x x = 1 x =
)

h ( x ) =

2 ln x

x2

.
4

1
x 2 2 x (2 ln x )
x 4 x + 2 x ln x x (2ln x 5) 2ln x 5
h ( x ) = x
=
=
=
.
x4
x4
x4
x3
5
5
h ( x ) = 0 2ln x 5 = 0 ln x = x = e 2 .
2
x
h 0, e5/2 .
e 5/2
0
+

h (x)
+
5/2
h e , + .
h (x)

e5/2 =
hmin

( )

2 ln e

5/2

(e5/2 )

5
1
= 52 = 5 .
e
2e
2

2010

1
x > 0 .
2e5
h [ x1, x2 ] .
h ( x)

h ( x1, x2 )

2 ln x
. ...
x2
h ( x2 ) h ( x1 )
( x1, x2 ) h ( ) =
(3).
x2 x1
1
x > 0 > 0 h ( ) 5 (4).
2e
h ( x2 ) h ( x1 )
1
(3) (4)
5 .
x2 x1
2e
4
)

20
1

h ( x) =

g ( x) =

f (t ) dt du 2 x + 6 0 .

g(3) = 0. g ( x) g (3) g x = 3.
Fermat g (3) = 0 . g ( x ) =
x = 3 g (3) =
)

f (t ) dt - 2 = 0

f (t )dt 2

f (t ) dt = 2 .

x = 0 y = f(0)

4 0 + f (0) 3 = 0 f (0) = 3 f (0) = 4 .

x0

= lim

x0

t 2 f (t ) dt x 3

lim

0
0

= lim

DLH x0

t 2 f (t ) dt x3
x 2 f ( x) - 3 x 2

= lim
=
x0
4 x3
4
x

( )

f ( x) 3 1
f ( x ) f (0) 1
4
= lim
= f (0) =
= 1 .
4x
4 x0
x
4
4

1
x > 1 :

( x 1)h( x) > h( x) ( x 1)h ( x ) h( x ) > 0

2010

K ( x) = ( x 1) h ( x ) h( x) = ( x 1) f ( x ) h( x ) x [1, +) .

K ( x ) = f ( x) + ( x 1) f ( x) h ( x ) = f ( x) + ( x 1) f ( x ) f ( x ) =
= ( x 1) f ( x) > 0 x > 1.

[1,+) .

[1,+)

f (t ) dt , u [1, x ] .

20
1

h (u ) =

x > 1 K ( x) > K (1) ( x 1) h ( x) h ( x ) > 0 .

h [1, x ] (1, x ) h (u ) = f (u ) .
... (1, x ) h ( ) =
h (1) =

f (t ) dt = 0 h ( ) =

h( x) h(1)
.
x 1

h( x)
(1). h ( x ) = f ( x)
x 1

h ( x ) = f ( x) > 0 . h x 1

< x h ( ) < h ( x ) (2) . (1) (2)

h( x) >
)

h( x )
.
x 1

( x) =

f (t ) dt + 3 x x 2 , x R .

[1, 3] .
(1, 3)
( x ) = f ( x) + 3 2 x .

(3) =

3
(1) = (3)

f (t ) dt + 9 9 = 2

(1) = 2

Rolle

( ) = 0 f ( ) + 3 2 = 0 f ( ) + 3 = 2 .

(1,3)

 2011

'
&

11

194, .

279 .

246 ,
Rolle.

1.
2.

. 91:

 

 2   

.

3.

. 142:

5.

2
i.

ii.

. 185  :
/      ,


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. 218 .

. 336
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f, , #

$
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$
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x0 = 1 , f (1) = 0:
$
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= 1 $
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$
 ' 0 24  24 ' 0  ' 1
$
 ( 0 24  24 ( 0  ( 1
f (, 1]
[1, +).

4.

20

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i.



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c ,   #

11

.
 
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i)  

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5

;
;
2
2
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4
4
2
2
2
1
2
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2
2
, x = 0 :
$
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0  $
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ii) g: [0, 1] #

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 2011

g ,
f,
x 1.
 

0  $
0 1
1  $
1  1 1 $
0,

0 D
1 = 1 6$
0 172 (1)

1  0.

11

1 :
f (0) = 1, (1)
0  0
x0 = 0 x0 = 1

i.

20

2 :
f (0) 1, (1) :
0 D
1 ( 0. ,
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f
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 2011

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1
1
2
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2
2

f (0) + f (1) = 1 f (1) = 1 f (0)

$
x  $
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x  1 $
x.

20

y = x.
lim
x  0  0

11

1 1 $
0 1
1 1 $
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$
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-
$
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0
 

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$
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0
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H10
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6$
x  $
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1 6$
x7  6$
x7  0

x $
x 
x $
x  0
x $
x 1 - $
x  0
, x  0
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1, IR

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11

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1 ( 0
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g, x0 = 0:

1 , 07,

60, 
, g(0) = 0,

 G
0
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G   1, xIR
,

 
0
   1
x=0,
x = 0.
u = x1xt, du = 1xdt. t = 0 u = x
t = 1 u = 0. :


5M  3



15)  3



5)  3  5M.

20

3





x60,  :

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5M   3




5M

1   3  5M


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1





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1

ii.

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P
P  Q3 5M Q  3 5M
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6

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7

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