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Unsur Golongan
Alkali Tanah
Kelompok 1 - SCI
•elisa ekalestari - 4
•m. hartias - 13
•princenvo tigana -
15
Daftar Isi
• Golongan Alkali Tanah
• Sumber / Mineral Asal Golongan Alkali
Tanah
• Reaksi Golongan Alkali Tanah
• Proses Mendapatkan Golongan Alkali
Tanah
• Kegunaan / Pemanfaatan Golongan Alkali
Tanah
Golongan Alkali
Tanah
Alkaline Earth Metal Elements
Pengantar
Logam alkali tanah meliputi berilium, magnesium,
kalsium, strontium, barium, dan radium.
Dalam tabel periodik, keenam unsur itu terletak
pada golongan IIA.
Logam alkali tanah juga membentuk basa, tetapi
lebih lemah dari logam alkali.
Berbeda dengan golongan IA, senyawa IIA banyak
yang sukar larut dalam air.
Unsur-unsur golongan umumnya ditemukan dalam
tanah berupa senyawa tak larut.
Oleh karena itu, unsur-unsur golongan IIA disebut
logam alkali tanah (alkaline earth metal).
Sifat Golongan Alkali Tanah
Sifat Fisika dan Kimia
Golongan Alkali Tanah
Kelarutan Golongan Alkali
Tanah
Pembuatan Logam Golongan
Alkali Tanah
Konfigurasi Elektron
Konfigurasi
Simbol
elektron
Be [He]2s2
Mg [Ne]3s2
Ca [Ar]4s2
Sr [Kr]5s2
Ba [Xe]6s2
Ra [Rn]7s2
Similar Properties
All In the second row
Don’t occur as free Atoms loose 2
elements electrons
Most commonly are Most are insoluble or
found occurring as the slightly soluble
carbonates,
phosphates silicates, Very Reactive
and sulfates
Flame test can be
used to determine if
the element is an
Alkaline Metal
Chemical Properties
• All but Beryllium
form oxides at
room temperature
• Magnesium
reduces carbon
dioxide
• Strontium,
Calcium, barium
when put in water
react to form
hydroxides
Physical Properties
• Have higher melting • 2 valence electrons
points, are harder and • Metallic and Ductile
are more dense than • Shiny silvery white
Potassium and Sodium
• Malleable
• When put in flame:
– Mg:White
– Ca:Dark red
– Sr: Crimson
– Ba: light green
Natural Occurrences
• Logam Ba
• Logam Ca
Tren Jari-Jari Atom dan Jari-Jari Ion
Ionic Radius/nm
Atomic Radius/nm (M2+)
Be 0.113 0.034
Mg 0.160 0.078
Ca 0.197 0.106
Sr 0.215 0.127
Ba 0.217 0.143
Kecenderungan Energi Ionisasi
Be 899.4 1757.1
Mg 737.7 1450.7
Ca 589.7 1145
Sr 549.5 1064.2
Ba 502.8 965.1
Tabel Sifat Fisis dan Kimia
Kesadahan
Sumber / Mineral
Asal Golongan
Alkali Tanah
Kelimpahan Logam
Berilium (Be)
• Beryllium (Be): Ditemukan dalam bentuk oksida
dalam beril dan zamrud oleh Vauquelin pada tahun
1798. Pertama kali diasingkan secara terpisah oleh
Wohler dan Bussy dengan memberi tindak balas
antara kalium dengan berilium klorida pada 1828.
Namanya diperoleh dari mineral asalnya yakni
“beryl”. Pernah dinamakan glucinium, yang
diambil dari bahasa Yunani “glykys” yang artinya
manis, karena rasa manis garamnya.
Magnesium (Mg)
Description
Group Number 2
Standard State: solid at 298 K
Color: lead gray
In 1828, Wohler and Bussy isolated beryllium independently
by using potassium on beryllium chloride.
Beryllium can scratch glass because of its ability to
form oxide around it.
Magnesium
12
Mg
24.3006(6)
Description
Standard State: solid at 298 K
Color: silvery white
Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is
used in flashlights, photography, flares, pyrotechnics, and
incendiary bombs. An adult has a requirement of 300 mg/day of magnesium.
When magnesium is in a divided state, serious fires can
occur; consequently, water should never be used on these fires.
Calcium
20
Ca
40.078(4)
Description
Standard State: solid at 298 K
Color: silvery white
Calcium was prepared by the Romans in the first century under the name
calx but it was not until 1808 that the metal was discovered. It occurs
abundantly with limestone, gypsum, and fluorite. The metal is used as a
reducing agent in preparing other metals such as thorium and uranium.
Strontium
38
Sr
87.62
Description
Standard State: solid at 298 K
Color: silvery white
Isolated by Davy by electrolysis in 1808; however, Adair Crawford in 1790
recognized a new mineral (strontianite) as differing from other barium minerals (baryta).
Strontium is found chiefly as celestite and strontianite. The metal can be prepared by
electrolysis of the fused chloride mixed with potassium chloride, or is made by reducing
strontium oxide with aluminum in a vacuum at a temperature at which strontium distills off.
It does not absorb nitrogen below 380°C. It should be kept under kerosene to prevent
oxidation. The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air. Natural strontium is a
mixture of four stable isotopes. Sixteen other unstable isotopes are now to exist.
Of the greatest importance, the principle Sr element has a half life of 29 years.
It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a health problem. It has also found
use in producing ferries magnets and in refining zinc.
Barium
56
Ba
137.327(7)
Symbol Name Atomic Atomic Group
Barium is used in fireworks
Num (green). Weig Num
Ba Barium ber 137.327
56 ht ber
2
Description (7)
Standard State: solid at 298 K
Color: silvery white
Sir Humphrey Davy discovered Barium in 1808. Barium is found
only in combinations with other elements. It resembles calcium
chemically and is soft and belongs to the alkaline earth group.
Barite is used extensively as a weighing agent in oil-well drilling
fluids. The carbonate of Barium has been used as a rat poison.
Radium
88
Ra
226.0254
Ra Radium 88 226.0254 2
Description
Standard State: Solid at 298 K
Color: Metallic
Radium was discovered in 1898 by M. and Mme. Curie in the pitchblende
or uraninite of North Bohemia, where it occurs. There is about 1 g of radium
in 7 tons of pitchblende. The element was isolated in 1911 by Mme. Curie and
Debierne by the electrolysis of a solution of pure radium chloride, employing a
mercury cathode; on distillation in an atmosphere of hydrogen this amalgam
yielded the pure metal. Radium is obtained commercially as the bromide or
chloride; it is doubtful if any appreciable stock of the isolated element now exists.
The pure metal is brilliant white when freshly prepared, but blackens on exposure
to air, probably due to formation of the nitride. Radium is a radiological hazard
and inhalation, injection, or body exposure can cause cancer and other body disorders.
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