s]nse

]nXrfpdp InwKvkv
]mv. kzm dnhdn\p
apIfnse ]meneqsS
bm{X sNptm ]pgbn
\onpSnp
Acbsf aI
ImWnpXp.
sImpcpnbpw
Hmfcn\npw
sXp s]mndpw
Ah \ocmSpp. kmb\
taL ]pgv
tase tabppv.
timWhWn ]q
Nmn CSbnsems
]nqfpIsfp
tXmp
taLpp.

2012
Pq 10
Rmb

kmPnZ A_vZp-dlvam
Hmkvt{S-enb
hntijw
1979 Im-e-L--n ]-{X-am-[y-a--fn
B-i--bp-sS sXm- Nq-Sn h- H-cp hm-bm-bn-cp-p kv-ssI-em-_v F- _-lncm-Im-i t-j-s Im-em-h-[n I-gn--Xn\p ti-j-ap- Xn-cn-p-h-c-hv. a-\p-jy-cn-m B t]-S-Iw F-hn-sS ]-Xn-p-p-sh-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-v H-cp-]m-Sp Du-lm-t]m-l--fmbn-cp-p. C-y a-lm k-ap-{Z-n-em-m
\-S-n-b ]-cn-{i-a- im-kv-{X--cp-sS
{]-Xo--v hn-cp--am-bn. F-m h-en-b
am--an-m-sX X-s A-Xn-\-Sp- H-cp {]-tZi-v kv-ssI-em-_v F- t]-S-Iw ]-Xn-p-Xn-\p tl-Xp-hm-bn. ]-Sn-m-d Hm-kvt{S-en-b-bp-sS X-e-m-\-am-b s]-n-s
{]m- {]-tZ-i-m-Wv A-Xn-s A-h-in- Xn-cp-ti-jn-p-I-fm-bn ho-W-Sn--Xv.
km {^m-kn-kt-v Im-bn-se im-k{-v X-
H-cp k-m-\ hm-Kv-Zm-\-hpw A-p \-In-bncp-p. A-Xn-s H-cp Ip-p I-jv-W-sa-nepw a-\p-jy-cp-sS I-n In-p-Ib
- m-sW-n
A-Xm-Zyw In-p--bm-v ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw Ata-cn- tUm-f ]m-cn-tXm-jn-Iw F-mbn-cp-p hm-KvZ- m-\w. F-kv]
- c
- -kv F- {Kma-n-se H-cm-n-S-b-\m-Wv I-n In-n-b
A-h-in---fp-am-bn Cu Xp-I ssI--m
{^m-kn-kv-tIm-bn-te-v ]-d--Xv. F-s
a-I-fpw Ip-Spw-_-hpw s]-n-se Xm-a-km-cm-b-Xp sIm-v A-p ]-{X-m-fp-Ifn \n-d-p \n-n-cp- Cu {]-tZ-iw ]no-sS-\n-v k--in-m `m-Kyw kn-np.
Un-kw-_ am-kw ap-X ta-bv B-Zy]m-Zw h-sc Z-n-Wm-[ cm-Py--fn-se Imem-h- {Ko-jv-a-am-sW-n-epw s]-n-se
Nq-Sv B-kz-Zn-m X-s R- Xo-cp-am\n-p. a-t[y-jy-bn-se a-cp-`q-an-bn-e-\p-`-hnp- Xm-]-n-s tXm-X-\p-k-cn-v A-Xp
H-p-a-m-bn-cp-p. Iq-Sn-b Xm-]w 35 ap-X
38 Un-{Kn sk-jy-kv am-{Xw. t]m-cm--Xn\p tem-I-s c-m-a-s G--hpw Iq-SpX Im-p ho-ip- \-K-c-sa- Jym-Xn-bpw
s]-n-\p kz-w. a-I ]-e-tm-gm-bn Ab-p-X-n-p- Nn-{X--fn \n-pw A-hnSp-s {]-Ir-Xn ku--cyw B-kz-Zn--Wsa- Nn- ]n-s-sbm-pw t\m-m-sX
bm-{X-v th- H-cp---fn-se-n-p. Zp_m-bn-\n-pw Un-kw-_ C-cp-]--n\p knw-K-q h-gn R- s]-n-sep-tm-tg-pw R--fp-sS G-Xm-\pw aWn-q-dq-I \--am-bn-cp-p. Pn.-Fw.-Sn A\p-k-cn-v Zp-_m-bv ssSw tkm-Wp-am-bn \mep a-Wn-q ap-n-em-Wv s]-v. C-cp-]n-bm-dmw Xn-b-Xn D--m-Wv R--f-hnsS-sb-p-X
- v. h-en-b B-`m-S
- f
- n-m-
H-cp F-b-t]m-v. H- t\m--n ap-jv-Ip-h-sc-p tXm-p-sa-n-epw s]-cp-am-n am-\y-cpw ku-ay-cp-am-b Po-h-\-m.
F-s B-I-jn--X-hn-sS t\-sc I- Hcp ]-c-ky t_m-Um-Wv. in-ip-]o-U-\-
(ssN-Uv tam-sf-kv-s-j) A-Xy-w in e-`n-p- Ip--Ir-Xy-am-sW-pw A-hnSp-s Ip-p- B cm-{-n-s kzm-sW-pw D-Zv-t_m-[n-n-p- hm-N-I. H-cp-th-f Rm Nn-e F-b-t]m-n

s]nse InwKvkv ]mv

\--sf F-Xn-tc-p- kz-W--S-I-fpsS h-Wm-`-am-b ]-c-ky--e-I-I Hm-pt]m-bn.Hm-kv-t{S-en-b-bn-te-v sIm-p-h-cp-
km-[- F-sm-s-bm-h-W-sa-v Ahn-Sp-s Ip-Sn-tb- h-Ip-v \n-jv-I-jn-pp-v. A-X\
- p-kc
- n-v Nn-e [m-\y-, otcm-
-
- A-S
- n-b `-W
- ]
- Z- m-, a-c- sIm-p-m-n-b Iu-Xp-Ih-kv-Xp-, k-ky-e-Xm-Zn-I Xp-S-n-bh-sbm-pw A-tm--Sp-n-m-\m-hn-. Zp_m-bn \n-p- bm-{X-bm-b-Xn-\m R A--c-n-sem-pw I-cp-Xn-b-Xp-an-.
A-Xn-\m X-s Un--b sN-m R-sm-p-an-m-bn-cp-p. F-n-cp-m-epw
Un-b
- sN-m-s\m-p-an-s-v bm-{X-m
t_m-[y-s-Sp-p- _m-Kp-I A-h-cp-sS
{]-tXy-I ]-cn-io-e-\w In-n-b izm-\-\p apn-se-n-p-sa--Xv en-Jn-X \n-b-aw. Ah X-s \m-km-c-{--fp-sS ssh-`-hw
Im-Wn-v _m-Kp-I-p- hn-[n I-n-pw.
R- ss[-cy-tm-sS _m-Kp-I izm-\\p ap-n-se-n-p. F-s a-I-s _m-Iv-]mm-Wv A-h hn-p-X-cm hn-k--Xn--Xv.
Hm-^o-k Xp-d-p Im-Wn-m B-h-iys--X-\p-k-cn-v a-I Xp-d-p. Hm-^o-k
R--sf t\m-n Nn-cn-p. F-n-v H-cp sNdn-b s]m-Xn R--sf Im-Wn-p-]-d-p,
A-h-cp-sS hn-iz-kv-X-s\ A-tem-k-c-s-Spn-b-Xv B s]m-Xn-bp-sS K--am-sW-v.
a-I hn-i--tm knw-K-q F-b t]mn-\n-pw I-gn-m hm-n-b _-K-dmbn-cp-p B s]m-Xn. ]n-o-Sv R--sf t]mIm-\-\p-h-Zn-p- t\-c-v B an-Sp- \mb-bp-sS hm-bn-te-v G-Xm-\pw _n-kv--pI {_m-shm Kp-Uv-t_m-bv F-pw ]-d-p
A-h-s ]-cn-io-e-I C-p sIm-Sp-p-p-mbn-cp-p.]p-d-t-v I-S--tm R- {]Xo-n- Nq-sSm-pw a-[ym-a
- m-bn-cp-n-pw
A-\p-`-h-s-n-. Rm tam-tfm-Sv A-Zv-`p-Xtm-sS tNm-Zn-p: C-Xm-tWm \o ]-d-v

t]-Sn-n- Nq-Sv? H-cp s]m-n-n-cn-tbm-sS Ah {]-Xn-I-cn-p-Xp-S-n. C- D-m, F-\n-dn-bmw Zp-_m-bn-sb A-t]-n-v C-sXmp-as
- -v. F-m-epw C-Xm-Wp C-hn-Sp-s
ITn-\-Nq-Sv. A--co--n-s Du-jv-am-h\p-k-cn-v ]p-gp--n-s tXm-Xv h-f-sc Ipd-X
- m-Wv. ]-s kq-cy-In-cW
-
- n-s Ipp- s]m--em-Wv I-cp-Xn-bn-cn-t--Xv.
\- kp-J-ap- Im-pw ]p-gp--an-m-bv-a-bpw
B-fp-I-sf Iq-Sp-X ]p-d-n-d-m t{]-cnn-p-sa-n-epw A-]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-b kq-cyc-iv-an-I-fm-Wv i-co-c-n Xp-f-v I-b-dp-Xv. sXm-en-p-d-s A-_p-Z-n-\p Im-cW-am-Ip- A-{Sm h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I C-Xneq-sS hn-In-c-Ww sN--s-Sp-p. F-m-bmepw ]p-d-n-d-m-sX C-cn-m-\m-hn-. t\cn-v kq-cy-c-iv-an-I-tf-m-sX {i-n-m
a-Xn-sb-p am-{Xw. k _m-v sN-p-I,
G-sd t\-cw sh-bn-e-v tPm-en-sb-Sp-p-I
C-sXm-s I-Sp- th-\-en k-m-cpw
ap--dn-bn-v \-Im-dp-v.R-f
- p-sS h-ch
- p {]-am-Wn-v a- tPmen-bn \n-pw A-h-[n-sb-Sp-n-cn--bmbn-cp-p. a-cp-a-I h-f-sc k-a-b-_-n-X-amb {Sm-h sF-n-\-dn X-s-X-m-dm-n shn-cp-p. B sj-Uyq {]-Im-cw k-a-bw \-s-Sp-m-sX Hm-tcm Zn-h-k--fn-epw GsXm-s -e- k--in--W-sa-v
R--tfm-Sv \n-t-in-p. sN- A-p sshIp-t-cw X-s s]-n-se ]n-Xr--fp-dp- Inw-Kv-kv ]m-v Im-Wm t]m-bn.
kzm-dn-hd
- n-\p ap-If
- n-se ]m-e
- n-eq-sS bm{X sN-p-tm ]p-g-bn \o-n-p-Sn-p A-cb
-
-
- s
- f a-I Im-Wn-p-X
- p. shfp- \n-d-n-ep--Xpw I-dp- \n-d-nep--Xp-am-b km-am-\yw \- h-en--ap-
A-c-b--. sIm-p-cp-n-bpw Hm-f--cn \n-pw sX-p s]m-n--d-pw \o-cmSp-p. km-b--\ ta-L- ]p-g-v ta-se
ta-bp-p-v. tim-W-h-W-n ]q-
Nm-n C-S-bn-sem-s ]-n-q-fp-I-sfp tXm-p- ta-L
- p-p- Zq-sc Im-

Wp- a-e-I-sf e-y-am-n \o-p-p-apv. Inw-Kv-kv ]m-v n-Xn sN-p--Xv \K-cm-Xn-n-bn C-n-cn D-b- H-cp `q{]-tZ-i-am-b F-en-k a-e-\n-c-I-fp-sS Xm-gvhm-c
- n-em-Wv. B-bn-c
- n-ap-q-dv G-t- dmfw ]-c-p In-S-p- Xm-gv-h-c sh-dp-sam-cp
]q-m-h-\-a-. A--cm--n N-cn-{Xw
a-b-p-, A-Y-hm N-cn-{Xw kw-km-cn-p H-cp B-c-Wy-Iw X-s-bm-Wv. F-]Xn ]-cw ]-n-I-fpw ap-q-n-]-sm-Xn Iq-Sp-X X-t-i hr---fpw t]-c-dnbm- h-n--S-p-I-fpw b-tY-w Im-Wm\m-hp- Cu D-Zym-\w h-en--n \yqtbm-n-se sk ]m-n-t\-m-fpw hnim-e-am-Wv. 1872 s]-v ]m-v F-
t]-cn cm-Py-n-\p k-a-n- D-Zym-\w ]no-Sv F-tUz-Uv G-gm-a-s Im-e-v 1901
Inw-Kv-kv ]m-m-bn \m-a-I-c-Ww sN--sp. kv-t-v hm sa-tm-dn-b-em-bn C-p _lp-am-\n-p- Cu D-Zym-\-n F-m hj-hpw G-{]n 25 \p B-km-Iv tU F t]-cn B-N-cn-p-p. cm-Py-n-\p thn t]m-cm-Sn-b c--km-n-I-fp-sS Hm-a
Zn-h-k-am-bn ]p-e-s A--c a-Wn-v GI-tZ-iw \m-X
- n-\m-bn-ct- m-fw B-fp-I
tUm k-ho-kv ({]-`m-X Iq-Zm-i) \-S-phm H-p tN-cp-p.-.-. sN-dn-b s]-cp-m-fn\pw h-en-b s]-cp-m-fn-\pw Cu-Zp-Km-lmbpw s]-n-se ap-kve
- nw-I Inw-Kvk
- v ]mn-s H-cp `m-K-s D-]-tbm-Kn-m-dp-v.Im-Sn-\p ap-I-fn-\n-pw C-cp ]-Xps Xm-gvh
- m-c
- n-te-c
- n-n-d
- p-p-v. \S-m-XI
- -n-cp h-i
- f
- n-epw X-eb
- p-b-n
\n-p- Hm-v a-c
- f
- n ]-eh
- -W
-
tZ-l-v ]q-in-b X--I tN-t-dm-\mbn I-e-]n-e Iq-n F-p-p-v. R- AXn-i-b-tm-sS Cu Im-gv-N-I-fn a-Xn-a-dp \o-n. Hm-tcm a-c--v ap-n-epw \mn-bn-cn-p- t]-cp-I ]-Xn- -m-UpI. H-pw c-pw tem-I a-lm-bp---fnepw hn-b-v-\mw, sIm-dn-b bp---fn-epw
cm-Py-n-\p-th-n bp-w sN-bv-Xv ho-c-ar-

bpkvamcIw

Xyp h-cn- ssk-\n-I-cp-sS t]-cm-Wv A-Xn

F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-p--Xv. Hm-tcm c--km-nI-fp-tS-bpw Hm-a-bv-m-bn Hm-tcm a-c-.
am-{X-a-, \-S-m-X-I-fn-se Np-m-p I-nepw A-h-cp-sS t]-cp-I B-te-J-\w sN-bvXn-cn-p-p. Iq-Sm-sX ]m-n-\p G-I-tZ-iw
\-Sp-hn-em-bn H-cp kv-ar-Xn-a--] kv-Xq-]w.
A-Xn-\p Np-p-ap-v c--km-n-I-fp-sS t]cp-I. K-X-Im-e-n-s sIm-Spw-]o-U-I
A-b-hn-d-n Hm-tcm t]-cp-I-fpw Xp-dn-v t\mp--Xp-t]m-se. Po-hn-v sIm-Xn-Xo-cm-sX
a-c-W-s h-cn--h. A-h-cp-sS {]-W-bw,
]n-Xr-Xzw, hm--eyw F-mw Im-e-s kmn-bm-n H-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. A-Sp-n-bSp-n sh-n-b ]m-X-tbm-c--fn \n-pw \Zn-bp-sS a-t\m-l-c Zr-iyw A-\p-`-hn-m-\mbn R- Ip-d-p-t\-cw A-hn-sS I- s_p-I-fn \-Zn--`n-ap-J-am-bn-cp-p. \-Zn-p-dw \-K-c-n-s {]-Im-i [-h-fn-a. kmy-cm-K--fn Xp-Sp-v \n-p- A-cb---fp-sS \-Zn. \-Zn-n-cp-h-i-hpw k-mc-tbm-Ky-am-b \-S-m-X-bpw ssk-n ]mX-bpw. {In-kv-a-kv Im-e-am-b-Xn-\m Iq-
{In-kv-a-kv a-c- Zo-]m-ew-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-pp. Rm-\m-Zyw kw-i-bn-p {In-kv-a-kv a-c Ir-{Xn-aa
- m-tWm F-v. A-Sp-p sN-tm-gm-Wv hn-kv-Xr-X-am-b Im--tm-sSbp- Po-h-\p- a-c-am-W-sX-p a-\-n-emb-Xv. tZ-h-Zm-cp--fpw {In-kv-a-kv a-c--fpw
Hm-pw P-{Im--bpw ]m-X-tbm-c--sf hiykp--c-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. \n-d-sb C-fw h-be-v ]q-p-e-I t]-dn-b P-{Im- aq-h-n
t\-c-v ho-Yn-I-fn h-Wm-`-am-b in-tcmh-kv-{X-a-Wn--h-sf t]m-se tXm-n p.C-cp ]-c-n-pw k--i-I-cp-sS h-c-hv

cp Ihn-X-I-
jlodm \ko

Fgp-tIm tPmbv{]-kmZv

]oen-p-p-I
A-c-sh-fnw sXfn-bpam {iotIm-hn-en
\Ww A{ip-_n-p--fm IpXnnv
cp kwhkcw sImgn-bp-p-sh-nepw
\n a-lmkw ambp-Ino ]pWy-`q-an-bn
]qfpw ]pkvX-I-m-fnse ]pg-Ifpw
D X samp IY-bnse Xbpw
A{`-]m-fn-bn I {`a-chpw
]oen hnSn-bm-Snb abnepw ag-hnpw
am{X-am-bn-cp-n-t-sbs s]mtm-at\
\nnfw a\-nse Pohn-X-m-gvN-I
Hcp \nanjw sImm ]pn-cn-q-ncn
DuXn-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-sc--dn-bn
hn[ntbm Ae-kamw a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jvtam?
IY-b-dn-bm-Xp-d-n-bm-q-\n-em-p-ntbm
Cu Ipnfw Im]mSv ambp--Xn apt
]ntbpw tIp _kn-\p-nse Ipcp-Xn-I
Rm\p-samcp _knse ]np-Ip-p- X
ssI ]nSn-n-d-p te_ hnk-m-c
AS-n Pme-I-hm-Xn-ep-Ip-n-em
bn\n-bpsamcp Poh ]nS-b-cp-tXmpI
Ah-fpv Nmcv tNn X {]mW-\mbv
Ctm Xgp-Inb kvt\l-n XW-embv
Ime-ap-W-m apdn-hp-am-bp-g-ep
Zp:Jm-Im-c-n imZz-e-`q-an-bn
Cu asN-cm-Xn-se-bn-n-cn-sh--ambv
Cu sImp-hm-p-I ImWptam Dbpw _mbpw?
Fhn-SmWm Ipgn-amSw Rm\pam kvarXn-am-S
S-hnse an-sem--an-pw-_n-tm-s.
(cp hjw apv CtX Znhkw Zam-anse
Hcp kvIq _kn-\-Iv shv izmkw apn acn
^nZ tamfpsS Hma-bvm-bn)

\n-e-n-n-. Hm-tcm h-j-hpw A--Xv e-tm-fw B-fp-I Cu ]m-n k--iI-cm-sb-m-dp--t{X. Ip-n-I-fpw am-Xm-]nXm--fpw I-an-Xm--fpw kp-lr-p--fpw
hr--cpw A-S-p- H-cp-]m-Sv a-\p-jy ]mn-s ]-e-bn-S--fn-em-bn Nn-X-dn \-S-pp-v. Np-cp-w Nn-e H--v \-Zn-bn-te-v
Zr-n ]m-bn-v G-Im--X B-kz-Zn-p-pv. H-cp ]-w s]-Ip-n-I D-d-s Nn-cnpw B-m-Zn-pw R--fp-sS A-Sp-v Imdn-\n-pw C-d-n. A-Xn-sem-cp-h a-cp-aI-s A-Sp-p h-v A-h-fp-sS Im-a-d \o-n
H-cp t^m-tm F-Sp-p sIm-Sp-m-\m-h-iys-p. Im-dn-\p ap-I-fn-epw t_m-W-n-epw Hs C-cp-p t]m-kv sN-bv-Xp. A-h-cn-semcp s]-Ip-n-bp-sS ss{_-U j-h BWp-t]m-epw A-v. (\-p-sS ssa-em-n-eym-Ww t]m-se-sbm-m-Wv ss{_-U jh). A-Xm-tLm-jn-m A-h sX-cs
- Sp--Xv C-cp-n B-m--fp-sS Zp-cq-l-X
\n-d- I-Y ]-d-bm sh-p- Cu D-Zym\-t-bpw. a-Wn-q-dp-I-tfm-fw ta-L--fpsS \n-g-en sN-e-h-gn--Xn-s sP-v-em-Kv
F- {]-Xn-`m-kw F-s X-f-m Xp-Sn. C-tm cm-hv X-s I-dp- I-f
- w Xmgv-hm-c-s ]p-X-n-n-cn-p-p. kp-jp-]v-Xnbn-te-v B Im-\-\w A-en-bpw ap-t] hosS-m-sa-v Hm-p. ]-d-p-Xo-m
C-\n-bpw H-cp ]m-Sp-s-v R--sf Hm-ann-p- hr-- Z-bm-]q-hw X-tem-Sn
R- ]-Xp-s R--fp-sS hm-l-\-n\-Sp-t-v \o-n. A-I-se c-p Im-p-Xmdm-hp-I Im-X-c-]q-hw sIm-p-cp-p--Xv
I-p. ]-cn-`-h-tam, kv-t\-l-tam F--dn-bm aq-I-{]-I-S-\w.

iq\yX
Hcn-g-b-Sp--n \ns

ssaemn
ssaemn aWap
s]n-s\-p-dn-m-Wbm Fgp-Xn-bXv
hcn-I-fn-e-{Xbpw \nd tNmns
hWNn{X
Hcp sagpIv tcJ-bn \op-sa-en
kzWta\n
Fnepw tNmc s]n-p
Ip\p apIp-an-fp-I
apdn-pn NSpt]mb
Ah-sf ssaem-nsb
]Sm\-dn-bmsX,
Xfm\-dn-bm-sX,
Abm XqenI \nd-s-gp-Xn.
Hcmbpns B-_w
hmpIv ssIh-cn-m-\m-Im-sX,
hoWpt]mb ]SpIfn
lrZbns hnc-ep-I tNmsX,
Ah-fn \npw thdn
asmcp ]SmImt\ Abmmbpp

apnepmbncpp Rm
{]Xo--bpsS kzWshfnw
P\-e-gn-I-fn hoWv apdn-th-Xv
C-se-I-fn Ftm \obpw
t\mn \nn-p-m-Imw
Fn-epw; Fs {]W-b-I-]-\-Isf
Nmcp-X-tbmsS hmcn \onb
Hmscm-Xp-Isf
Hcp sXfn\o XSm-I-ns
Ic-bn-e-en kz]v\ taL-sf
Fhn-sStbm ad
L\-iyma km^ey IpSp-p-I-fn
Rm\pw t\Zn-n-cp-p, Hcn-epw hncn-bm
A[\nao-en-X, ap aesam-p-I
Cn-hnSw ]mgvhoSns CS-\m-gn-I
Xoth
\n\v ]d--Sp-m, NndIv hncn-smcp
ag-m-es FXn-tc-m
\nd a\-ns Xfn Nn-sbm-n-Xm
\n\v am{X-ambv Xmgvncp-p-nv Rm.