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    3 views53 pages

    Galois Deform

    Uploaded by

    An VH

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 53
    Deforming Galois Representations B. Mazur for A. Mazur Given a continuous homomorphism Gas * Gla(Fp) where Ga,s is the Galois group of the maximal algebraic extension of Q ‘unramified outside the finite set S of primes of Q, the motivating problem of this paper is to study, in a systematic way, the possible liftings of 7 to Pradic representations, Gas 2 GlalZ,). We use the techniques of deformation theory. There have been numerous studies of the global variation of representations over C of finitely gener- ‘ted groups, ef. the memoir of Luboizky and Magid [L-M] or the recent preprint of Goldman and Milison [G-M]. The viewpoint we adopt here is similar, with the exception that in our context (our groups are profinite and our representations are p-adic) it makes sense only to consider formal deformations. We prove that if 7 is absolutely irreducible there is a univer- sal deformation of F, i., a complete noetherian local ring R = R(B) with residue field F,, and a continuous homomorphism Gas * GlA(R) (well-defined up to conjugation by an element in GL2(R) which reduces to the identity matrix modulo the maximal ideal in R) which is universal in an evident sense, Under the assumption that p > 2 and that S contains the primes p and oo, we show that the Krull dimension of R/pR is > 1 if det(7) is even, and it is > 3 if det(A) is odd, with equality holding if the deformation problem is unobstructed. Thave no examples where there is strict inequality above, or where Spec is not equidimensional, or where p is nilpotent on an irreducible component, of Spec R. It would be of great interest to have some better understand- ing of the basic geometric features of R, for all, or for a large class of 06 representations 7. The viewpoint of the present article is rather to focus on a very special class of representations, the structure of whose universal deformations can be analyzed in some depth. ‘We give a large number of examples where det(f) is odd, the image of 7 in GLa(F>) is isomorphic to the symmetric group on three letters, and the deformation problem is unobstructed. ‘These examples are instances of what we call special dihedral represen- tations in Chapter Il. If 7 is special dihedral, the universal deformation ring R is isomorphic to power series ring over Zp in three variables, and the universal deformation space X = Hom(R,Z,) is three-dimensional Qp-analytic manifold, whose points 2 € X correspond to representations pe: Gas — Gla(2Zy) lifting Z (but taken only up to conjugation by an el- cement in GLa(Zp) which reduces tothe identity matrix mod p). Chapter II is devoted to the ‘fine structure’ of X. We show that the locus of x € X such that the image of pis dihedral, ie, is contained in the normalizer of Cartan subgroup in GLa(Qj), is a smooth hypersurface in X. We show that the locus of inertially reducible p,'s is a union of two amooth hyper: surfaces in X. We show that the ordinary representations ps (ef. Ch. I, §7) trace out a smooth curve in X; they are approximable by representations attached to modular forms. Are all representations p, for 2 € X similarly approximable? ‘We show that the inertially ample locus (i«., the loeus of 2 € X for which the image of inertia under pe contains an open subgroup of finite index in ‘SL2(Z,)) is open and dense in X (Ch. Il, §7: the “approximation theerem”). ur analysis ofthe fine structure of X leaves open a number of questions, For example, what precisely is the inertially ample locus in X? How do the three hypersurfaces alluded to in the preceding paragraph intersect? ‘These issues and others will be dealt with for a certain subclass of special

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