Chin tranh Thi Bnh Dng bng n

M kin quyt phn i vic Nht tin vo ng Dng, iu ny khin cho quan h Nht-M tr nn gay gt v cng thng. Trn Trn Chu cng Ti thi Bnh Dng, M c hm i Thi Bnh Dng ( sau ny gi l hm i 7 ), chi phi ton b khu vc Thi Bnh Dng v c chu ( v v tr M nm rt xa v bt tin cho vic kim sot tnh hnh chu -chu mu m v mi mt nn cn chn mt v tr gn chu lm cn c qun s ng thi l con mt gip M phng c mi s tn cng bt ng ), cn c ti Trn Chu cng. Nhng cn c ny b Nht bt ng tn cng vo ngy 7-12-1941, khin cho M phi ri b Thi Bnh Dng, Nht dnh th ch ng lm ch thi Bnh Dng, thc hin chin tranh vi tham vng chim ton b chu v cng phat xit c lm ch chu u cng lm b ch Th gii. Th nhng trn Trn Chu cng lm M thc s ni gin v tuyn b tham chin mt cch chnh thc. M cho qun v v kh vo cuc khi m cn c qun s quan trng ca mnh b bt ng ginh mt ko theo nhiu s thit hi v nhiu mt.

LN TH 2
Lc 11 gi 01, vo pht cui cng, my t qung trn bu tri Nagasaki cho php s quan th bom trn chic Bock's Car, Kermit Beahan, nhn thy sn vn ng thnh ph bng mt qua lp my mng. Qu bom "Fat Man", mang li khong 6,4 kg Plutonium 239 c th xung thung lng cng nghip ca thnh ph. 43 giy sau, n n 469 mt cch mt t, gia xng thp v v kh ca Misubishi xng thy li ca Misubishi-Urakami. V n c ng lng 21 kiloton, nhit cao nht t c l 3.871C (7.000 Fahrenheit) v sc gi khong 1.000 km/gi (624 mph). Lc bom n, c khong 200 ngn ngi trong thnh ph. Qu bom th vi vng n on gia hai mc tiu chnh, xng thp v v kh pha bc v xng thy li pha nam. Nu bom ri chch v pha nam, vng thng mi v dn c ca thnh ph c th b thit hi nng n hn nhiu. y l yu t ch yu l gii v sao qu bom ny vi ng lng n ln hn qu "Little Boy" Hiroshima nhng gy thit hi t trm trng hn. [1] Theo mt s ngun c tnh, 70.000 ngi trn tng s 240.000 dn c Nagasaki cht ngay v 60.000 ngi khc b thng. Bn knh v n l 1,6 km, nhng m chy tri di t phn bc ca thnh ph cho n 3,2 km cch v n v pha nam. Mt s lng khng tnh ton c nhng ngi sng st t v n Hiroshima s tn n Nagasaki v li b nh bom y.

qu bom th nht c nm xung Hiroshima (Nht Bn) vo ngy 6 thng 8 nm 1945 c tn l Little Boy v c lm t uranium; qu sau c tn l Fat Man v c nm xung Nagasaki, cng Nht Bn ba ngy sau , c lm t plutonium.

Cu to bom nguyn t

V kh ht nhn n gin l ly nng lng t qu trnh phn hch (cn gi l phn r ht nhn). Mt vt liu c kh nng phn r c lp rp vo mt khi lng ti hn, trong khi pht mt phn ng dy chuyn v phn ng gia tng theo tc ca hm m, gii thot mt nng lng khng l. Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng cch bn mt mu vt liu cha ti hn ny vo mt mu vt liu cha ti hn khc to ra mt trng thi gi l siu ti hn. Kh khn ch yu trong vic thit k tt c cc v kh ht nhn l m bo mt phn ch yu cc nhiu liu c dng trc khi v kh t ph hy bn thn n. Thng thng v kh nh vy c gi l bom nguyn t, cn gi l bom A. Qu bom nguyn t th xung Hiroshima ngy 06/08/1945 c ng lng n 13 kiloton(13 nghn tn TNT) ( tng ng vi sc ph hy ~ 8,4 x 1013 J) Trong bom nguyn t th cn nhiu hn, phi c lng uranium 235 chim gn ht, tc l khong 99%. Nhng bnh thng, uranium 235 bnh thng khng bng lng uranium 235 trong cc ngnh cng ngip v vy ngi ta c phng php lm giu uranium 235( lm giu urani ). V nguyn l lm vic, u tin ngi ta cho cc electron bn ph cc nguyn t uranium 238(phn ny gii thch sau v sao chn uranium 235 m khng chn uranium 238). Khi cc nguyn t uranium 235 b bn ph, chng s b tch ra v to ra mt lng nhit rt ln ng thi to ra t 2 n 3 electron khc v chng c tip tc bn ph nh vy s to ra lng nhit cc k ln lm khng kh gin n khng kp to ra ting n ln Cn gi l gii thch vic ti sao ngi ta li dng uranium 235 m khng dng uranium 238. Bi v khi b cc eletoron bn ph, ch c cc nguyn t uranium 235 l b tch ra cn uranium 238 th khng. Vy, gio ta bit thm v bom nguyn t, nu c ch no sai comment cho mnh nha. Qu bom nguyn t th xung Nagasaki Plutonium l cht phng x pht ra tia alpha. V sc xuyn thu ca tia alpha yu nn c th chn c thm ch ch bng mt t giy. V th, vic che chn tia alpha kh n gin. nh hng ca Plutonium ng ngi nht l khi vo bn trong c th. Nhim x tia alpha c th gy ung th phi, xng, gan. ***In essence, the Little Boy design consisted of a gun that fired one mass of uranium 235 at another mass of uranium 235, thus creating a supercritical mass. A crucial requirement was that the pieces be brought together in a time shorter than the time between spontaneous fissions. Once the two pieces of uranium are brought together, the initiator introduces a burst of neutrons and the chain reaction begins, continuing until the energy released becomes so great that the bomb simply blows itself apart. ***FAT MAN: The initial design for the plutonium bomb was also based on using a simple gun design (known as the "Thin Man") like the uranium bomb. As the plutonium was produced in the nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, it was discovered that the plutonium was not as pure as the initial samples from Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory. The plutonium contained amounts of plutonium 240, an isotope with a rapid spontaneous fission rate. This necessitated that a different type of bomb be designed. A gun-type bomb would not be fast enough to work. Before the bomb could be assembled, a few stray neutrons would have

been emitted from the spontaneous fissions, and these would start a premature chain reaction, leading to a great reduction in the energy released. Seth Neddermeyer, a scientist at Los Alamos, developed the idea of using explosive charges to compress a sphere of plutonium very rapidly to a density sufficient to make it go critical and produce a nuclear explosion.
Khong 27.000 ngi cht ngay lp tc sau khi qu bom c nm xung V n cui nm 1945, c thm 70.000 ngi khc thit mng

DIN BIN
HIRO: Hiroshima l mc tiu u tin (s hai l Kokura v mc tiu d b l
Nagasaki) ca nhim v tn cng nguyn t ngy 6 thng 8 nm 1945. Chic B-29 "Enola Gay" ca phi on 509, c trng i t Paul Tibbets, xut pht t North Field cn c khng qun trn o Tinian ty Thi Bnh Dng, cch Nht Bn khong 6 gi bay. thi im bom ri, thi tit tt v phi hnh on cng thit b hot ng tri chy. d cc thit b an ton ca qu bom 30 pht trc khi ti mc tiu. Cuc tn cng c thc hin ng nh k hoch, qu bom ri cao thp nht l 600m Khong 1 gi trc cuc tn cng, ngi Nht pht hin bng radar mt s my bay ca M tip cn lnh th pha nam Nht Bn. Bo ng c pht ra v vic pht thanh ngng nhiu thnh ph, bao gm c Hiroshima. Lc 8 gi sng, trm radar Hiroshima thy rng s lng my bay ang tin vo rt t khng hn 3 chic v b lnh sn sng t kch bng khng qun .

NAGA Sng ngy 9 thng 8 nm 1945, pho i bay B-29 Bock's Car, c trng
Thiu t Charles W. Sweeney mang qu bom nguyn t "Fat Man" vi mc tiu s mt l Kokura, mc tiu s hai l Nagasaki. Hai chic B-29 bay trc 1 gi kim tra thi tit v hai chic B-29 khc bay cng Bock's Car vi nhim v o c v ghi hnh. Sweeney ct cnh vi qu bom sn sng v thit b an ton vn bt. Khi my bay ca Sweeney n im gp g trn khng ngoi khi Nht Bn, chic B-29 th ba c nhim v ghi hnh khng n c im hn ny. chm 30 pht so vi k hoch, Sweeney quyt nh bay i Ti lc n Kokura khong na gi sau, my che ph 7/10 thnh ph, ngn cn tm nhn theo yu cu. Sau ba ln bay qua thnh ph, vi nhin liu ca chic Bock's Car gim do vic bm nhin liu t bn d tr khng hot ng sau khi ct cnh, h bay v mc tiu th hai, Nagasaki. Quyt nh a ra lc l nu Nagasaki cng b my che ph, h s mang qu bom tr v Okinawa v tr n xung bin trong trng hp cn thit. Vo lc 7 gi 50 pht gi Nht Bn, bo ng my bay vang ln Nagasaki nhng sau bo yn lc 8 gi 30 pht. Khi ch c hai chic B-29 bay n lc 10 gi 53 pht, ngi Nht cho rng l nhng my bay do thm v khng pht lnh bo ng na.