‘ths inforsnation given in ots ‘bs communicated: either directly f°.CONTENTS DISTRIBUTION Royal Enginsers : Field units oe L of C and Tn units Survey, Postal and Movement Control 140 SEC 1, 2 3. 4. No@ OCTU ... oe on see ory IN’ 'TRODUCTION Reconnaissance CHAPTER 1.—GENERAL DATA British, metric, and American weights and measures . Mathematical tables Formula for strength of materials 5. Bearii ing pressures on earth, masonry, ete., and working stresses on iron, ateal, and tim! Himber . Weights of materials . . Winch and crane particulars, sor aule for ropes as and tackles .., Beaufort wind scale CHAPTER 2.—FIELD DEFENCES ‘actors governing design of Protective works racers governing effectiveness of tank obstacles .. * Toad tables far tools . Tools and wiring stores }. Constants of labour and nd working pasty times and stores a, CHAPTER 3.—BRIDGING. SEC 21, Classification of bridges and vehicles 22. Service bridging equipment .. “ oe 23. Bailey bridge ‘. see 24. Bailey pontoon bridge. ae 25. Folding boat equipment 26.\ Assault crossing equipment 27. Raft equipment . 29 Miscellaneous data CHAPTER 4.-DEMOLITIONS, MINES AND BOMB DISPOSAL 3 Explosives carried in the field we we we 683 $4. Hasty estimation and placing-of charges we 85 35. Miscellaneous information on explosives and equip- 91 . ment .. oo + oe “96. Drilling and.ctatering particulars |.) o4 87. Working parties and times for bridge demolition... ,96 3. Bemolition forms and conventional signs .. ve 98 ” Type and ‘suppiy of mines and eq ment -. we 101 42, Spacing. responsibility for, marking and recording . minefields... ~ 104 43. Working Parties and times for laying and “Clearing mines... ae se 107 44, Minebelt record profarma “ ow one we 109 45. Bomb Sisposal eee wee vee TEOa CHAPTER 5.--ROADS, AIRFIELDS, MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND CONCRETE Hastily constructed roads... ww» 1 Road reconnaissance, ‘maintainance and improve- ment ... ae . ve 115 50. Repair of craters o oe 118 Oe CPR oe Tae eg. wad calculations... we 120°SEC 52... oe oe wee 53... oo tes 54. Airfields, 1. 55. Mechanical uipment for removing earth... 3 Concrete “a an ae ane tee CHAPTER 6.—ACCOMMODATION AND’ WATER SUPPLY 58, Accommodation . 59. Water supply, responsibility ‘and sources 60. Purification”... 61, Water supply equipment -62. Distribution and storage 63. Water supply calculations CHAPTER 8.—TRANSPORTATION 70. Reconnaissance—general ... see wee a. 161 71, Reconnaissance of captured ports ... wl 16a 72, Railway reconnaissance reports... ... —«.. 161Fo . 1 ROYAL ENGINEERS egy RECONNAISSANCE POCKET BOOK oe : INTRODUCTION - Sgcrion 1.—RECONNAISSANCE 1, Stages . . (2) Early warning to those concerned, stating nature, . scope and time of recce. (0) Early briefing, preferably to recce Comd and 2 Ic, atid if possible from an OP, making quite clear :— \ (i) Situation calling for recce. . (ii) Object of recce and whether facts only or ‘opinions and recommendations are Tequired. (iii) Scope of recce, including specific questions to be answered. (iv) Time report required. (v) To whom and where to report. (vi) Protection arranged, and other matters * {c) Preparations by recce party, including :— (i) Briefing of whole party by Comd or 2 IC, . -including instructions regarding the get-away man, . (ii) Fixing order of command in case of casualties, (iii) Organization of personnel, equiprhemt, stores, * weapons, rations, and assistance. required. fiv) Collection of any further detailed information. (v) Contact with other units coaborating. (vi) Preliminary recce of ground, routes, etc. * (vii) Detailed planning, with priorities and time- table. (d) Execution, with particular reference to :— (i) Maintenance of objective. (ii) Conceaiment, ~ (iii). Timing. _-~ (iv) Keeping in touch with others taking part. (v) ing of infm as obtained (to avoid total “Toss ugh casualty) and the use of the ae ee ener{e) Reporting, with particular attention to :— (i) Submission by time appointed. (ii) Initial report—a concise outline, i specific questions and giving conclusions (if asked for) and other broad information af importance, . (iii) Sketches, (iv) Additional report, if required—an elaboration of detail which can be passed to the- officer detailed for the subsequent task, if it is decided to act on the results of the recce, 2. The following reconnaissance report forms have been Produced as aids to presentation of comple:e reports :— (a) Bridging recce (AF W4012A)—see page 75, (6) Demolition recce {AF W4012)—ses page 98. (c) Road recce—see page 115, (d) Airfield recce—see page 126B, . (e) Water recce—ses page 139. 8, Further details regarding recces will be found in Supple- mentary Pocket Book No. 1. 4, The above refers to special recces for particular purposes. Reports on permanent recces, which are the Tesponsibility of officers and NCOs at all times, will be submitted in whatever form is quickest and clearest, preferably diagram- matically or tabulated. :2 CHAPTER 1 . GENERAL DATA Section 2—BRITISH, METRIC AND AMERICAN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1, Weights and measures (a) Weights eer 16 drams = 1 oz 4 = lewt 16 oz = 1 Ib 20cwt = 1 ton - 28 Ib = Iqr 2,240 Ib = 1ton | re (8) Linear measure —_—_-_-— I2ins = 1 ft 110 fathoms = 1 furlong 3f = lyd 1,760 yds = 1 mile 2yds = 1 fathom 1 knot = I nautical - mile per hour=2.026-6 yds per hour=101 ft per min . - s (c) Surface measure —_———— 144 sq ins = 1 sq ft 4,840 sq yds = "1 acre 9sq ft = 1sy yd : (4) Capacity (cubic) 1,728 cu ins = Icuft | 27 cu ft = leuyd (e) Liquid measure 4gills = 1pint | 9gallons = J firkin 2 pints = =~ 1 quart 2 firkins e= I kilderkin 4 quarts = 1 gallon 2 kilderkins = 1 barrel {f) Shipping measure 1 shipping ton = 40 on ft3 Nore.—1 kilometreapprozimately § mile=1,100 yds. 3. American weights, measures and gradients The Americans us¢ the same system as the British except :— (i) The American hundredweight = 100 tb The American ton = 2,000 Ib . Gi) The American dry gallon = 268-8 cu ins The American wet gallon = 231 cu ins = 0°83 Imperial gals (iii) Americans give gradients in percentages, #.c. 20 per cent grade=1 in 5.a= 14-7Ibper sqin| °C '—32)x 5} Omen Sfaerone” MO R82) 519 (€) Force, work, and power iebar Fe pointe dynes Obms law: 356, Joutes b iam, EMF in volts borse power = Current in amperes =—————____ eve watts Pertec Resistance in ohms 1 caloriem4-2 joules Watts Voltsx " Joules Wattsx seconds 1 unlt=1 kilowatt-bour=1,000 watt-hours (s) Sound (k) Velocity Velocity of sound in airw= 60 mph=88 ft per second 1,089 ft per sec 1 knot=1-15 miles per hour () Area ‘Triangle=j ah Cone=mjxrth Circle= Sepcn et {Perimeter of a clreles2mr) Cylinder=xr2hSxcriow 3.-MATHEMATICAL TABLES 1. Natura] sines, tangents, etc . q@ tn = afc a Hoosee d sinc ante a= V/secd .tand = a/b = I/cotand TERETE: 9 89 88 87 86 8s a 83 a2 8h 80 p 7% 7 16. bid 4 3 v7) BES PEER EEESj[eteaeseecseveeusenere 0-9135 0-9063 048988 0-8910 0-8829 0-8746 0-8660 0-8572 0-8480 0-8387 0-8290 0-8192 0-8090 0-7986 0-780 0771 0-7660 0-7547 0-7431 0-7314 0-7193 0-7071 = S, ceeeerarersesa a! 1 * eseexrgres 3 {ss7 Section 4.—PORMULH FOR STRENGTH OF i MATERIALS a 1. Symbols used :— W = ttalload - a = area of one flange wo load per foot ran b= breadth of section L = ‘span * @ = affective depth of sectinn Fr = safe working stress F = shear force 1 = momentofinertiaofsection -Mif= marimnoy bending momemt Y A = distance from external ibre = Mr = moment of resistance neutral axis S = maximum intensity of shear = area of tection ' 2, Maximum bending moments and shear forces :— © Conditions . et __% w Sapported both ends + concentrated at * gentre . WwW Concentrated load dist- ‘ance X from one end x - and Y trom the other L . RUN Uniformly distributed @ PER FT. RU keed © PER FT. RUN uniformly distri- ‘buted over a distance X symmetrical about cengre of span cL Cantilever—concen- ~ trated load at ead. 7 L | @ PER FT.RUN L oli Uniformly distributed8 3. Moments of resistance and intensity of shear : Steet joistsSzction 5.—BEARING ‘PRESSURES OF EARTH, MASONRY, ETG., AND WORKING STRESSES ‘oe OF IRON, STEEL, AND TIMBER ‘ | 1. Safe bearing pressures of earth . - Tons/sq ft Marshy ground ... ae ve we wos Ft Alluvial earth, loam or silt... on 1 Mixed sand and clay a a 2 Fine sand... -s. . 2b Coarse sand and gravel ... 34 Solid clay... we wee wee wo 4 _ Compact gravel or chalk oon ws on 6 Avé earth, consisting of a mixture of loam and gravel, has a safe bearing pressure of from 1} to 2 tons/sq ft. ‘The above figures are for ground 6 ins below the surface. ‘They can be increased by 25 per cent for deep foundations. ‘ . 2, Safe’ bearing pressures of masonry, ete Tons/sq fe Second-class brick in PC mortar 12 Ordinary good sandstone oo oe w 13 First-class brick in PC mortar ... ase w. =—-20 Ordinary good limestone ae oe we 25 Portland cement concrete wee a v =—80 3, Safe working stress of steel and tron Medium carboo steel: > ‘Tension compression asd tranverte~... ++ _- Shear (on web plates, eto) a se10 4. Safe working atresses in dmber {@) For rough calculations in the field timb-r may bo divi into three groups, each containing timber of approximately equal strength, as follows :— . Group I—Oak. Ash, Teak. Longleaf pine, Southern pine or pitch pine. Donglas fir, Oregon Pine, or British Columbia Pine. Sal. Group 11.—Deodar. Chir. Poon. Western hem- Jock. — Larch. Northern pine, Baltic fir, cr Norway pine. Red and yellow-deal. Red pine. Elm. blolly pine. Shortleaf pine. Group III.—White deal.’ Kail. Eastern hemlock, Yellow pine or white Pine. Spruce. Red cedar. Some of the more common alternative names have been given. (>) Safe working stresses for green or partially seasoned timber in wet locations with ordinary structural defects :— :u Snerion 6—WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS IN LB/CU FT as 1. Stones, earth, etc. Chalk, solid. 12 Suction 7.—WINCH AND CRANE PARTICULARS, ANCHORAGES AND FORMULA FOR ROPES AND TACKLES . 1, Winch and crane particulars Se (a} Coles crake 2-ton Mk I.—2-ton winch, 70-ft cable. Crane-—Max load 2 tons at 7 ft 9 ins radius, 1} tons at 10 ft O:ins radius. 1 ton at 13 ft 0 ins (max radius). Lift— 16 ft 6 ins at minimum radius, 10 ft 9 ins at maximum radius. o Coles crane 3-ton, Mh III.—3-ton winch, 80 ft cable. Crane-—Max load 3 tons at 7 ft 9 ins radius. 24 tons at 9 ft 3 ins radius. . 2 tons at 11 ft 0 ins radius, 1j tons at 13 ft 6 ins radius. 1 ton at 17 ft 0 ins‘radius, Lift— 22 ft 6 ins at minimum. radius. | 8 ft 7} ins at maximum radius. (c) Winch vehicles 30-cwt—4-ton winch, 120-ft cable. 3-ton—4-ton winch, 120-ft cable. 2. Holding power of anchorages in average earth » (@) Park pickets, 5-ft driven 3.ft fe pull A Single picket . owt 1:1 picket holdfast we la ewt 2:1 picket holdfast on Ll ton iv) 3:2:1 picket holdfast —... (v) Log with series of 1: 1 picket hold- fasts +. (per holdfast) ... 12 cwt (vi) Log with ‘series of 2: : 1 picket hold- .. (per boldfast) ... 18 cwt @) Ordnance pattern hold fast. —Safe pull 1 ton at angle not exceeding 30 degrees above ground. In using a number of ordnance pattern holdfasts to.form one anchorage the limiting factor is the sirength of the shackle, which will take a safe load EYEao - 1B 3. Formuls in connection with ropes and tackles Application f ‘Average weight of cordage. | Approximate weight of SWR. Safe load on cordage. Safe load ob SWR. For cordaye or SWR if taken round ‘any sharp bend. Sale stress = $ of calculated stress. | For cordage lashings of more than 4 returns. Safestress = 9 of calculated stress. | For SWR lashings of more than ernie Safe loed in tons = hy (number of | Approx formula for chaina eighths of an inch in the dis- , Fings, and shackles, meter of iron)’. Pull in sach arm of a sling = For all slings: @ should not nos- Ww. mally exceed 60 degrees. Zcos 82 ~ Pull ip each atm of a sbbet sling For short stings the angle is not more Calculating gain in tackles. than 80 Nore.—Serials 3 and 4; low figure is for old used: rope ; high figure for best quality new rope. Formula used must be obtained by estimation betw two.14 Sgction 8.—BEAUFORT WIND SCALE Wind velocity Description of effects in miles |, ‘on land per bour ‘Less than 1| Calm; smoke rises vertically. 1-3 | Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but aot by wind vanes, 7 Wind | felt on face; leaves rustle ; ordinary vanemove by wind, &12 Leaves and small twigs in con- stant motion; wind extends light dag, 15-18 | Raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved, 19-24 | Small trees in leaf begin to sways Crested wavelotiora in inland waters, 25-31 arge branches in motion : whistling heard ia telegraph wires; umbrellas used wit dificulty, 32-38 | Whole trees In motion; in- convenience felt when walk, ing against wind, 39-46 | Breaks twigs off trees; gener- ally impedes progress, 41-34” Bry pos aad css . (chimney pots and slates 53-63 | Seldom sapeead Inland ; trees uprooted; consider: ablestructural damage occurs,| 4-75 Very rarely, experienced, ac- compamed by widespread damage,15 _ CHAPTER 2 FIELD DEFENCES Daren 18—FACTORS GOVERNING DESIGN OF PROTECTIVE WORKS 1. Maximum heights over which weapons can be Max beigbt 1 2. 2 < anding iit eins . st 5. PLAT'lin lowest position) «.. Bins & MING (rer 0 er Atk Hon) zh le pr, OF L7+pr gun . it. 8 Fila arty (25-pr) -.- we . ase a. | 2 ft ins RTRs 2. Protection from small arms fire Safe thickness in ins against armour piercing LMG fire up to 7-92 millimetres (burst of 20 rounds) or, splinters from 100-Ib bombs bursting not less than 30 ft away. Chalk asin parapets... Clay.asin parapets sew Sand, loose-or between boards . Shirigle, between boards “ Brick rubble confined between boards Coal between boards we oe Road metat 1}-in to 2-in between boards eet eee ie) y {b) earth road i shingle sand -16 . Section 14—FACTORS GOVERNING EFFECTIVENESS OF TANK OBSTACLES L. Artifical obstactes : (6) Ditch Width W at least L414 tt. 7 2 - Height of bank H greater than height h of top of tank’s track where it Passes over leading sprocket or idler wheel. (8) Vertical or nearly vertical face H greater than h as above. 7 Height H of 5 ft effective against all tanks.17 (e) Steep slope C A theoretical open slope of 60 degrees ig necessary tostopa tank. but if slope is wet, crumbly, or or covered trees or boulders, 35 degrees or even 25 Tirecs may be saficient. Tf tank can approach ai t speed, the slope must be at least 40 ft long. . o ash away.- 1 / (2) “ Bellying” obstacle An obstacle which “ bellies ” the tank so that its ks cannot grip the ground—A tree stump 2 ft 6 in high, not less.than 18 ins dia. > ) Veditch ‘Width W at least ett ft (suggested 18 ft)19 2, Natural tank obstacles : Conditions for effective tank obetacles to stop $6-ton tanks . Slopes, ditches | Conditions as given above = @ and banka . . Tf perfect entry and firm bottom, at least 60 ft Water wide with minimum depth of 5 ft for 26 ft, Conditions can be relaxed for soft bottom or bad entry or exit : Swamps, bogs, | Soft going in which the tank would sink 2 ft 6 ins marshes is usually effective. Depends on weight of ‘Tree stumps... | Five yows, minimum 18 ins dia, 2 ft to 2 ft 6 ins high, 5 ft to"? ft apart ~ - “Troes Singly, 24 ins dia. In depth, minimum 5 rows, 12 "ine dis, 5 ft to 7 ft apart. _ 3. Performance figures for tracked vehicles Capability of vehicle Type Width of trench | Vertical face Ponting {a) () © @ German Mk 2 wf 6 3 ft 3h German M3. we | 7 att - 3 ft6in att. 3 ft stom ft Submersible 3ft aft at 3 ft aft ft aft: || 3 t6in Eft” af 1itéin at German G-wheelarmdcar | 3ft6in | 1 ft6in 3H German 8-wieel armd car 4 2 1fteins SR6in20 . : - Sxction 15—TOOLS AND WIRING STORES 1. Infantry battalion toold . . ve Shovels, GS 210 - Saws, cross ent, 5 ft 9 : Axes, pi 130 Saws, hand 16 Axes, felling: 26 Crowbars © 10 Axes, hand 19, 2. Divisional reserve of tools carried by Field Park Axes, felling 38 Mania 12 Axes, hand ° 38 Shovels, RE 50 Axes, pick . 515 Shovels, GS 860 Hooks, reaping 12 Spades z 3. Stores—Standard Loading of wiring stores carried by corps troops, RASC .2t 7 SreTIon 16.—CONSTANTS OF LABOUR AND WORKING PARTY TIMES ‘ $}$ 1; Constants of labour for common labours of dally OF oc: : AauwnuD > exca we Filing Gartows widh ca) yorstony earth =... Filling barrows with educt 15 per cent from items 7 to 9 ior iting ul Wheeling 25 yy, depating. am Teturning . (Bach foot of rise equals 2 yds on Seon ~ Smygry, Sa obSayny 20 - 21 , 22 23 2 | Spreading 25 | Spreading chipping 26 Laying tone seta aod grouting 27 =| Concrete measuring: |. | “Gepositing in layers ttnixing by ‘twice twice wet) . t 2B Leadon lorries, etc, with extavated earth: hardcore, ete... os os 2 29 | Brickwork rough finish ‘Sin wall ta cetivent 1% 0 pacino ‘rough ‘finda! Sik " 7 31 Baekmork fogh fish Y3h-in “wall in. ‘coment . || mortar aS 5 33 of22 2. Working party times for digging and wiring | Digging hasty type Width of slit Weapon alive oe 2 ft 3 ins ‘ 6 ft 6 ins run of slit ” ” oe Standard triple con- certina fence with 100 yds23 Aah. és srnatinacledll S88B88 Section 17.—LOAD TABLES | RaMTMOMMAQIAGSseoRaR BAIA24 lorry No. @ venpiiift Fe ced OF A*gsegageseeeeg '48* agaea® wet 3 Stlitiitivess |) "BSN 111 L1F85 ogg . We Section 17,-LOAD TABLES (contd) a: rit 3 2... “8: s F fie ie fi % gidl PEtigi ati Pt ige igedtddnad | ge ra8 8 2S cB. fend cf a BS ee hy fan He gaia a aay iil stl Wil eens EE 27 28 2 30 3 x 35 36 37 38 3 v SVIeesseseanaay. . . 6 i 7 CHAPTER 8 . BRIDGING $action. 21——CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES VEHICLES 1, General | oy (a) Strength of bridge —Find out type of bridge (para 2: - and classify o shown for that type, normally 2 single ling traffic. Where double line trafic is fequired modify the classification as shown below. (0) Condition ~ (i) Natural (e.g. cracks, corrosion, rotten timber). (ii) Damage by enemy action. In this section all weights are in tons. . In formule mall Jetters indicate inch units, and capitals fest units. . 2, Types of bridges (2) Deck bridges—With beams or girders running length- ways, supporting the bridge roadway. (i) Estimate the number of girders () under 12 ft width of roadway. (If the overall depth road- ‘way is less than | ft, take girders under 10 ft width of roadway.) (ii) Find safe waiformly distributed load (UDL) for one girder from the appropriate formula given in 3. : (iii) Subtract the dead weight of the ler and of the roadway supported by it 5) and iv) cTmultiply the rest by Ny. ) (iv) pare this with EUDD: table (¢) in para 4 and obtain load class; ~ ‘ (v) For double line traffic if the longitudinal girders are spaced at 4 ft or over and the bridge floor and roadway depth is not less than 1 ft, multiply the EUDDL found by 2/3 and com- pare again with the table. When the girders are spaced at less‘than 4 ft the bridge, if wide ‘ enough, will be of the ‘same joad class for double as for single line traffic. In the former -case, if the width of roadway permits, an “jsland” strip about 4 ft wide may be improvised to separate the two traffic lines, #0 that the classification need not be reduced for two-way traffic. . a gyn Leama ‘cea ween & fa)() Through bridges. —With two main girders, the load being transmitted by cross decking.~ {i) Check the main girders by finding the safe UDL for one girder (para 3) and multiplying by 2. Subtract weight of bridge. Divide by factor 14+ 2<* where G—roadway width, Fe overall width of wheel track, S= girder spacing. (Wheel tracks: assume 7 ft up to Class 24, 8 ft Class 40, 9 ft Class 70.) is gives the total EUDDL of the bridge which can be compared with EYDDL table (a); para 4. (ii) Check the decking which will often be the weakest part. Check the stringers from method given in 2(a) above. ‘ind safe UDL for one cross girder from appropriate formula in para 3. Subtract dead weight of girder and roadway supported by it. Multiply by span factor in table (c) para.4 and find load class by reference to table (b) in para 4. (iii) For double line traffic compare the bridge class of the main girders with table (d) in para 4. (c) Arch bridges (i) Use table in para 3 (f) for or brick - arches. For concrete arches see’ sub-pazas below table. (ii) For double line traffic ; if it is wide enough and the arch ring continuous, the bridge wil! take double line traffic of the same load class as single. {iii) Arch bridges-can be tested by running increas- ingly heavy loads over and watching for signs of defarmation. Cracks underneath will open, 3. Formule for different types of beams and bridges (a) Steel girder bridges.—(Look out for cracks, corrosion, and rust.) (i) Plate or lattice givdoy Safe UDL per girder in tons =. @ == sectional area of one flange (sq ins) L= 3 span (ft). . 4 * d = effective depth (ins) .¢., depth between + centre of gravity of flan; te Sad- 27 (ii) RSJe . Safé UDL per joist in tons = 5% eo Z = Section modulus from table at para 5 (a). (0) Cast tron girders —(Look out for rust). (i) Umencased. Sao UDL — ©2324 por girder.* C =‘actor'from table. ap=atea of bottom flange (sq ins) ag marea of top flange (sq ins), d = depth of girder (ins). L=span (ft). Values of C —— Ratio ap/ar ... 3 4 0G oi 19°] 1-7 1-58 4 ’ If area of top flange and depth cannot be fneasured,assume formula as safe UDL=5/6 aa per girder.® (ii) Encased by jack arches. In this case the load due toa single line of traffic may bé assumed Spread over a width of 18 ft.of roadway. . The number of girders and the dead load in this width must be used in finding the . are t Dres/e girder.* fe UDL=5/6 an per girder. If the jack arch cannot be measured for dead weight, it can be assumed as a Sin prick ring backed with cencrete. (0) Reinforced concrete T-teams.—Take the safe UDL as the lower of the following values. (i) For bending, saie ‘UDI of one beam= 217 P2! (i) For shear at ends, UDLef one beam = eee, dae rib from top of slab (ins), ° -swhere 4S Tabaepth (is) (ine a Fib breadth, (ine) (ins) p = eps -beams {ins) Le open te) ~“~ eho so ia lees than 6 or Gepth greater then 1/20 strength 0 ee eT, nea ee eerie ® © This formals 1 buned ou the worvt cases lely to occar, namely:—C = 14- 28 it may be assomed that the slab spanning between the beams will take the same class of load as the beams. Where the beams are * Continuous over two or more spans. increase the safe UDL for bending (but NOT that for shear) by 25 per cent, no (@) Reinforced concrete bowstring girder bridges —Apply formule above to deck system and assume the main girders will take the Toad class thus found. (¢) Reinforced concrete slabs without beams (i) Table showing load classes for. different spans and slab thickness up to 12 ft span. ot Ze The above figures allow for a minimum depth of filing above the slab ‘(i) For slab of over 12 # span apply formula Safe UDL on 12 ft: width 3 of roadway=5 tons, Where d= total depth of slab (in). Le-span (ft). . Subtract dead weight for this width and compare with EUDDL, table “a” in para 4, _ROADWAY _ “SPAN carrying capacity (clase) of brick arch bridges. . Load ches W) 4 Table. i w masonry or31 {iii) Reinforced concrete arches (rib type).—These so should be calculated for floor * a applying the T-beam formula or the slab eS . table given before. It can normally be S assumed then that if the floor system is of a certain capacity the whole ‘structure will be - of the same capacity. (g) Timber (look for rotting, dryness, splitting). Zz (i) Safe UDL for timber =e per beam L = Span in feet Z = Section modulus (Sec 4) ~ r = Compressive stress of type of timber ~ (Sec 5); (ii) Shear in capaill, if required, can be checked ) from Sec 4. _ rea (iii) Safe loads on trestle legs or piles.Saeed usous sof suop us TaGAg (e)\—s21G% ‘TaGAa ¥2 “asojeq oredaroo ‘peunbax * *wojeq 10308) Aq (9)Z Bed OF TGaAa oun qqnop 3 ‘saSpiiq y8norg 201 (p) Aydeyinen “33 0% wosy UOIRIP HI () wods of 03 ‘sspasd ssosa sof suos up TATA (9)“34 . Data for estimating dead weight . (a) Size, weights, and section moduli (2) of RSJs - (c) The approximate weight of a plate girder may be taken as [2a Ib per ft run where a is the area of one flange in sq ins. (@) Weight of wrought iron plate I-in thick=40 Ib per 4 eq ft. For steel add 2 per cent. to above. (e) Weight of various materials for dead weight calcula- tions are given in Chapter 1. Sec 6. 6. Approximate leading. dimensions and bridge ehicles classification data of typical v 2) 3-1on torry — Length 22 ft. width 7 ft 9 ins. Height _ ‘ + 10 f G ins. Turning circle 65 ft diameter. Bridge * classification 9. (b) Infantry division requires class 9 bridge (except "an eqpt in field park}.35 (c) Armoured division requires class 9 and class 30 bridges {except as in (¢) below). . (d) Infantry division with infantry tanks attached requires 9 and class 40 mee? na {e) Bridge classification, mechanical equipment. (Fot dimensions and weights see Sec 53}. Class 4 tractor with angle dozer ... Bridge class 9 Class 2 tractor with angle dozer Bridge class 18 Trailer, 18 ton 8-wh loaded wi one Class 2 or two Class 4 tractors, : or 18 tons (including towing vehicle) is... .. «+ +++ Bridge class 40 (f) Bridge classification for tanks Cromwell... on oe «. Bridge class 27 Churchill... wee .. Bridge class 40. - Sherman... wee 7 . Bridge class 33 - Carrier a ory ane +. Bridge class 5 (g) Turning circles of towed All guns approximate turning circle 60 ft diameter, except 7-2-in how with heavy artillery tractor 70 ft diameter. (h) A transporter for medium tanks Length (including trailer) 49 ft 8 ins, width 9 ft 6 ins. Turning circle 81 ft diameter. Loaded with Sherman, height 14 ft 6 ing and bridge class 70. (3) A transporter for heavy tanks (Diamond—T) Length Gnctuding trailer) 54 ft. Width 9 ft 6 ins. Turnjng circle 71 ft diameter. Loaded with Churchill, height 11 ft 6 ins and bridge class 70. (j) Double classification : Tractor or towing vehicle :—- - Upper number is class of complete train, lower number that of tractor alone. Upper number is additional load class it imposes on train when in tow, lower number is its own classification. Tank transporter with rigid body or semi-trailer :-— Upper number is laden classification, lower number is unladen classification. Tank transporter with detachable trailer :— ‘Towing vehicle—Upper number is class pf com- plete train laden; lower number is class of towingvehicle alone. Name is type of trailer which it is designed to tow. . Trailer—Upper number is class of trailer laden ; . 2 lower number is class of trailer unladen, Nene @ of trailer. . @ load classification of a vehicle towing a trailer other than that shown on the classification sign of the tractor, is found by adding the lower number on the tractor to the upper number on the trailer, if laden, or to the lower number, if unladen,Section 22.—SERVICE BRIDGING EQUIPMENT ® "4, Provisional distribution of bridging equipment in Division . o - “ 1 recce boat per RE field; unit officer. 12 recce boats per Div Récce Regt. 80 ft of Balley bridge clase 40 in Fd Park Units. 8 tanks bridge-laying Covenanter per armoured brigade. | 3 tanks bridge-laying ihurchill per tank brigade. eye 2. Bridge Coy RASC | : Consists of Coy HQ and ' variable number of self-contained ‘toons. - Number of such platoons depends on anticipated ing commitments. ‘Spacial Vehicles Trucks. L$ ewt 4x 2GS Lorries, 3 ton 4x 2G! Lorries, breakdown, ton 4x2 of 6x 2 ies, workabo 4 2 1 Py ton 4x2 or 6x2 2 atore, 2 1 2 ‘we , 3 ton “4x2 or 6x2 3 ton 6x4 ‘Trailers, 15 cwt, 2 wheeledINDEPENDENT PLATOONS Lorries, 3 ton 6x4 FEE Lorries, 3ton4x4GS 2 Trucks, 15cwt4x2GS 8 tors 4x 4 medium 20 Frais “2 ‘adios Pontoon 20 Lorties,3ton4x4 24 | * Plus one extra for, each pontoon platoon in the Coy,38a 3. Capabilities of platoons of the Bridge Coy (a) One Batley section can make one 40-ft class 40 bridge ; Pith one bea lorry can make one 40-ft class 70 - (8) Two Bailey sections can make one 80-ft class 40 40 bridge ; panel lorry HQ-and Peay ree ea ee em acon Hi Stace hale both with 20-ft ramps. (One Batty pawn nae ake 190 class 40 bridge, (d) Oe erie ee cam Gas ome Meaty increment can make ~ (8) One Pontoon platoon plus ons Bailey platoon can make : the folowing Class 40, '908 ft (with one-third floating spares). One pontoon platoon Be platoon a heavy pontoon i: increbuon! Plus one Kesey Seiden wasn ment can make the following bridge :— Class 70. ‘276 ft (with one-third floating spares). (g) Ons FBE section has eight boats, can make :— or sree docked rafts clase § with two landing stages or one decked raft class 9 with two landing stages or 120 ft. of class 9 bridge (with. one-third spares and using two trestles). ' (A) One FBE platoon bas four sections, (i) Assawlt platoon, (Ses Sec 26.) as‘Coaversion, Cl 40 to Cl 70 decking, Weight in tobs per bay: 0-41, 3. Roller und baseplate detail . wipxe 7 8q ft) “Fieght of Dering irom bottom of baw to Up of Found(i) Deck to bottom of baseplate 2 ft 4 ins, (ii) Deck to bottom of ramp pedestal 1 ft 5 ins. (iii) Deck to bottom of ramp at end 6 ins, ” on tan edge ot sags lan roller "template 4 ft 7% ins by stringer between angle cleat (i) Taner cage of inner template for double pea robes 8 ft 11 ins, Stringer cannot be used unless rotiers (e) Construction rollers . ®) Construction roller positions—27 ft, 82 ft, 77 ft, and 102 ft back from centre-line of bankseat rollers, {il) Single rollers at 27 ft for all bridges,” (ii) Double rollers at, 52 ft for DS and TS over 80 ft and for all double and triple storey iv) Si rollers at 77 ft for sin bridges over ) I Alles at 77.1, for single storey bridges ove ft, Double rollers at 102 ft for double and triple storey bridges over 120 ft. ‘ + triple (@ Launching rollers (i) Plain rollers for bridges under 60 ftDS, ~ rocking rollers for bri sprer 90 4 DS, @ Powe 70KTS, 90 ft D D, and 80 it (6) Landing rollers Rocking rollers f Per DS and 60 TS. ® rollers may be used for shorter : () Daub Fckng rae ovr 10D Band 10 t “T D and -when launching nose is double trussed. -(f) Position of transoms in front @ Diy Bailey—Transoms it of verticals except Class 40 @) except when oy nae eas, Behind vs (ii) End footing and floating bays.—Transoms in front (iv) Rafts—Transoms in front: of verticals first three bays, bebind tat’ three bays, double ia" middie ted transoms in front in all ba: except thote inshore ‘of inshore’ link. Toasede placed on each launching link. (@) Jacks.—74 tous on tos of jack.’ e41 o Stores layout.—Lay stores out in enclosures parallel. to and 25 ft away on each side of bridge contre line, os starting level with launching rollers len; che of enclosures - as follows :—Smail stores, 12 ft (one-half accessory lo: . on each side), Panels, 20 ft (two panel lorries ac! side); remaining stores for bridge longer than 80 ft in same order (for heavier pee ae than D/8 repeat layout behind on each side). re end sway- braces at end of bridge at length of nose Some pls 2 25 ft from gap when launching se ‘constructed. Ramp stores remain on lorry. 5. Widths and helghts.—width between ribands 10 ft 9ins, rie between girders 12 ft 4 ins. Headroom with overhead rt 14 ft 6 ins, Headroom with transoms under bop dof triple storey 12 ft 2 ins, 6. Spans and Joad classes (a) Normally | constructed bridges (isubject to confirmation - y teat = MAX SPANS IN FEET ~ [se [8 [a8 [om [tor] ea i cof Po [er [or [ne | [a]7. LAUNCHING DATA. “Ty 4 {a) GENERAL NOTES APPLYING TO THIS - |& PAI Yd Bridges launched complete except where ention (it). Rocking rollers 3 ft 6 ins In front of base ” i igiven is at tip of launching nose. WS bracing must be fixed and tightened before launching ; Including bracing frames on D/S nose and on any Incom- plete part of bridge. ”) Total lengeh launching nose Is S/S, D/S and 7/$ or D,D added together In cases where this applies. (vl) Class 70 decking system marked *. (vil) If for any reason (excepting as given in these tables) footwalks are omitted frém bridges during the launch, up to 1 ton counterweight may be necessary on the tall In cases marked t¢ (will) USE OF LINKS Launching Nose Mks I & Il Distance of Links from Resulting Vertical Tip of Launching Nose Lift of Tip of Nose NOUbRON=