Phao Đe Cuong HCM

CHNG 1: C/s, q/trnh h/thnh v ptr tt HCM I, C/s h/thnh tt HCM. 1. Bi cnh l/s h/thnh tt HCM.
+ Bi cnh l/s VN cui TK XIX u TK XX. HCM sinh ra v ln ln trog h/c /nc v TG c n` b/ng. Trog nc c/quyn triu Ng~ ln lt k kt cc hip c u hng, tha nhn nn bo h of TD P trn ton ci VN. n cui TK XIX, cc cuc k/ngha v trang di khu hiu Cn Vng cui cng cg tht bi. H tt p/kin t ra li thi trc cc n/v l/s. Cc cuc k/thc thuc a khin nc ta c s bin chuyn v phn ha, g/cp c/nhn, tng lp tiu TS v TS b/u x/hin y chnh l tin bn trog cho p/tro y nc gp d/tc VN cui TK XX. Cng thi im cg c rt nhiu p/tro y nc n ra nhng u tht bi v do cha c hg i /n. V vy m p/tro cu nc of nd ta mun ginh c t/li fi i theo con g mi. + Bi cnh qt TG trog g/on ny cg ag c n~ bin chuyn to ln. CN~ TB t cnh tranh t do chuyn sang c quyn xc lp quyn thng tr of chng trn phm vi ton TG. CN~ quc tr thnh k th chung of cc d/tc thuc a. Chnh v vy dn n cc cuc /tranh si ni of c/nhn chng lai s b/lt of chng. Ln n nh im l CMT10 Nga nm 1917 lt N/nc TS, thit lp c/quyn X Vit, m ra 1 t/k mi trog l/s loi ng. Vs t/li nhiu d/tc thuc a of quc Nga c t do, c hng quyn t quyt, h/thnh nn cc q/gia /lp. 2. Ngun gc h/thnh tt HCM. (Cu 1) II. Q/trnh h/thnh v ptr tt HCM. TT HCM k h/thnh ngay 1 lc m tri qua = q/trnh tm ti, kho nghim, xc lp, ptr, h/thin, gn vs q/trnh h CM p/ph of Ng. TT HCM h/thnh v ptr qua 5 g. 1. T/k trc 1911: h/thnh tt yu nc v ch hg cu nc. y l t/k HCM ln ln v sng trog ni au of ng dn mt nc, c s g/dc of g,qu hg, d/tc v lng yu nc thg dn; sm t/gia p/tro /tranh chng P; bn khon trc n~ tht bi of n~ s phu yu nc chng P; ham hc hi, mun hc hi n~ VH tin tin of cc cuc CM d/ch chu u. Trog t/k ny, HCM h/thnh TT yu nc, thg dn, tha thit b/v n~ g/tr t/thn tr/thng of d/tc, ham hc hi n~ TT tin b of nh/loi. Nh trang b n~ p/cht v kin thc trn HCM c s la
chn ng v con g tm g cu nc sau ny. 2. T/k 1911-1920: tm thy con g cu nc, g/p d/tc. 1911, Ng~ Tt Thnh ri T quc sang phg ty tm g cu nc. l vic lm mi m # vs cc bc tin bi, Tip tc n nhiu nc chu u, chu M, chu Phi, sng v h vs n~ ng dn b p bc phg ng v n~ ng lm thu phg Ty. 1919, thay mt n~ ng VN yu nc ti P, Ng~ i Quc gi bn yu sch of nd An Nam ti hi ngh Vecxay, i c/ph P tha nhn cc quyn t do, d/ch v bnh ng of nd VN. 7/1920 Ng c S tho ln th nht n~ lun Cg v v/ thuc a of Lenin ng trn bo LHumanit. Vs vic biu quyt tn thnh tam Quc (Qt III), t/gia t/lp CS P(12-1920), nh du bc chuyn bin v cht trog tt Ng~ i Quc. y l t/k HCM c s chuyn bin vt bc v tt; t gic ng CN~ d/tc tin ln gic ng CN~ Mac-Lnin, t 1 chin s chng TD Ptr thnh 1 chin s CS VN. 3. T/k 1921-1930: h/thnh c bn tt v CM VN. HCM c t/k h thc tin v l lun si ni, p/ph trn a bn P(1921-1923), LX(1923-1924), Trung quc(19241927), Thi Lan(1928-1929) Trog t/gian ny,tt HCM v CM VN h/thnh c bn. N~ t/phm of Ng c tnh l lun: Bn n ch TD P (1925), g cch mnh (1927), Cg lnh /tin of (Chnh Cg vn tt, S/lc vn tt, C/trnh tm tt) (1930) N/dung cn bn of cc t/phm trn; + B/cht of CNTD l n cp, git ng.V vy CNTD l k th chug of cc d/tc thuc a, of g/c c/nhn & nd l TG. + CM gp d/tc trog th/i mi fi i theo con g CM VS l 1 b/phn of CM VS TG. Gp d/tc gn lin vs nd l, gp g/c c/nhn. + CM gp d/tc thuc a v CM VS chnh quc c mqh khng kht vs nhau, nhng k ph thuc vo nhau. + CM thuc a trc ht l mt cuc d/tc cch mnh nh ui bn ngoi xm dnh /lp t do. + Ng dn l LL ng o nht b quc, PK b/lt nng n. V vy, cn fi thu phc li cun nd i theo th CM mi dnh t/li, xd khi cng nng lin minh lm LL cho CM. + CM mun t/cng trc ht fi c l/o. + CM l s/nghip of q/chng nd, v vy cn fi tp hp, gic ng, t/c tng bc t thp ln cao. 4. T/k 1930-1945: vt qua th thch, kin tr gi vng lp trng CM.
Trn c/s tt v con g CM VN h/thnh v c bn, trog my nm u of n~ nm 30, HCM kin tr gi vng q/im CM of mh, vt qua khuynh hg t ag chi phi Qt CS. Thc tin chng minh q/im of Ng l ng. T/k 1936-1939 ta chuyn hg /tranh, thit lp m/trn nd phn g Dg (T3-1938) i thnh m/trn d/ch g Dg v t nm 1939 t v/ gp d/tc ln hng u. 28-1-1941 sau 30 nm h nc ngoi Ng~ i Quc tr v T quc, ti hi ngh ln th 8 (10-19/5/1941) hp ti Pc B ( Cao =) di s ch tr of Ng~ i Quc, BCH TW CS g Dg hon chnh vic chuyn hg c/lc of CM VN. CMT8 t/li, Ngy 2-9-1945 Ng c tuyn ngn /lp khai sinh ra nc VN DC CH. y l mc l/s k ch nh du k nguyn t do, /lp m l bc ptr m rng TT dn quyn v nhn quyn of CM t sn thnh quyn t do, /lp of cc d/tc trn TG. L s t/li of CN~ Mc Lnin c v/dng, ptr st ng vs hon cch VN. 5. T/k 1945-1969: tt HCM tip tc ptr, h/thin. 23-9-1945 P np sau qun i Anh quay li x/lc nc ta gy gn Nam B. MBc, hn 20 vn qun Tng ko vo hng t/hin m mu tiu dit ta. HCM cho li con thuyn CM VN vt qua thc ghnh him tr ti b bn t/li. 19-12-1946 HCM pht ng cuc k/c ton quc chng TD P, Ng ra g li va k/c va kin quc, t/hin k/c TD trng k t lc cch sinh. 1951 TW v Ch Tch HCM triu tp H i biu ton quc ln th II of , a ra h cng khai vs tn L VN. 1954 di s l/o of TW v Ch tch HCM cuc k/chin chng TD P kt thc t/li. Sau hip nh Gionev nm 1954, MBc hon ton gp nhng nc nh vn b chia ct bi m mu gy chin v x/lc of quc M v b l tay sai. Lc ny HCM cng vs TW sm x k th chnh of nd VN, ra cho mi MNam , MBc 1 n/v c/lc # nhau. Xp MBc vo p/tro CM XHCN. MNam vo p/tro CM TC nd.
III. Gtr tt HCM. 1. TT HCM soi sng con g gp v ptr d/tc a. Ti sn t/thn v gi of d/tc VN TT HCM l sn phm of th/i, n trng tn bt dit, l ti sn v gi of d/tc ta. Ch tch HCM cn dn L lun k fi l mt ci g cng nhc, n y tnh s/to, l lun lun cn c b/sung = n~ kt lun mi, rt ra t thc tin sinh ng Nt c sc trog TT HCM l n~ v/ xung quanh vic gp d/tc v nh hg cho s ptr of d/tc. TT of Ng gn lin vs CN M-L v thc tin CM nc ta b. Nn tng TT v kim ch nam cho hnh ng of CM VN TT HCM soi ng cho v nd ta trn con g t/hin m/tiu dn giu nc mnh, XH cng =, d/ch, v/minh. TT HCM l nn tng vng chc ta vch ra g li CM /n, l si ch dn ng cho ton , ton qun, ton dn ta i ti t/li. 2. TT HCM i vs s ptr TG a. P/ k/vng of th/i C.Mc k/qut Mi th/i XH u cn n~ con ng v i of n v nu k c n~ con ng v i nh th th th/i s s/to ra n~ con ng nh th. HCM l nhn vt l/s v i, k ch l sn phm of d/tc, of g/c c/nhn VN m cn l sn phm of d/tc, of nh/loi tin b b. Tm ra cc gii P /tranh gp loi ng /gp ln nht of HCM i vs th/i l t vic x con g cu nc /n cho d/tc n vic x c 1 con g CM, 1 hg i, mt pp thc tnh hng trm triu con ng b p bc. N~ TT of HCM , ag v s mi l chn l sng ngi, g/phn vo s kin to & ptr of nh/loi. l 1 s tht l/s c. C v cc d/tc /tranh v n~ m/tiu cao c Trog lng nd TG , H Ch tch l bt dit. Bn b nm chu khm phc v coi HCM l lnh t of TG th ba. Tuy Ng mt nhng TT ch o of Ng vn mi mi soi sng cuc /tranh cho ti khi tt c bn x/lc v bn p bc b nh bi hon ton Ch tch HCM ngy nay l ngi sao trn bu tri CM XHCN, of cc d/tc thuc a v ph thuc, ag ch ng cho c/ta = /s of CN M-L. Trog s/nghip of c/ta nht nh Ng s sng mi.
CHNG 2: tt HCM v d/tc v CM gp d/tc. D/tc VN c tr/thng yu nc, sn sng x thn v /lp, t do of T quc. Trog l/s hnng ngn nm dng nc v gi nc, ng cha ta nhiu ln fi ng u vs k th x/lc mnh hn mh gp bi v t thc tin /tranh chng ngoi xm, c kt c nhiu k/nghim v bi hc qu bu. Tr tu nh gic, gi nc l 1 trog n~ nh cao of tr tu VN. Ra i tm ng cu nc, HCM mang theo hnh trang tr/thng, bn lnh v tr tu of d/tc. Ng n vs CN M-L, tm hiu thm TT of mt s nh yu nc li lc trn TG, nng ln tm cao mi of th/i, gn quyn thnh TT gp d/tc, gp g/c, gp con ng. I. TT HCM v v/ d/tc C/s l lun: Q/im of C.Mc v Ph.ngghen: V/ d/tc gn lin vs q/trnh h/thnh CNTB, cho nn c xa b i khng g/c th mi xa b c i khng d/tc. D/tc ny i p bc d/tc khc cg do s i khng g/c m ra. Q/im of Lnin: Trog g CN quc, v/ d/tc thc ra l v/ d/tc thuc a, do CM gp d/tc tr thnh 1 b/phn of CM VS (Bi v q/trnh CN quc t/hin s g/gi nhau v KT gia cc d/tc k trn c/s d/tc m = con g c/tranh x/lc, tc ch lm cho mi x/t d/tc ngy cng tng ln. Ch c CM VS mi g/quyt s thng nht gia cc d/tc trog nn KT TG trn c/s t nguyn, bnh ng.) Tuy c C.Mc, ngghen, Lnin u nu ln mqh b/chng gia v/ d/tc v v/ g/c, nhng thc tin of CM VS chu u lm cho cc ng vn t/trung nhiu hn v/ g/c. C/s thc tin : Thc tin /tranh of cc d/tc thuc a trog c VN chng CN TD, quc n~ nm cui TK XIX, u TK XX. V/dng s/to l lun M-L cho p/hp vs thc tin cc nc thuc a, HCM a ra n~ lun im q/trng v v/ d/tc. 1. V/ d/tc thuc a a. Thc cht of v/ d/tc thuc i - /tranh chng CN TD, gp d/tc. HCM k bn v v/ d/tc ni chung. X/pht t nhu cu k/quan of d/tc VN, of th/i, Ng dnh s q/tm n cc thuc a, vch ra thc cht of v/ d/tc thuc a l v/ /tranh chng CN~ TD, xo b ch thng tr, p bc b/lt of
ng nc ngoi, gp d/tc, ginh /lp d/tc, t/hin quyn d/tc t quyt, t/lp N/nc d/tc /lp. Trog nhiu t/phm nh Tm a TD, Bnh ng, Vc thm thuc a, C/cuc khai ha git ng... HCM t/trung t co CN TD, vch trn ci gi l khai ha v/minh of chng. Ng vit: che y s xu xa of ch b/lt git ng, CNTB TD lun2 im trang cho ci huy chg mc nt of n = n~ chm ngn l tg?: Bc i, Bnh ng,... Nu li hnh hnh theo kiu Lins of n~ bn ng M hn h i vs n~ ng da en l 1 hh g v nhn o, th ti k cn bit gi vic n~ ng u nhn danh i khai ha m git hg lot ng dn chu Phi l ci g na. Trog n~ bi c tiu g Dg v nhiu bi #, Ng ln n m/m ch cai tr h khc, s b/lt tn bo of TD P g Dg trn cc l/vc c/tr, KT, VH, g/dc. Ng ch r s i khng gia cc d/tc b p bc vs CN /quc TD l m/thun c/yu thuc a, l m/thun k th iu ha c. Nu nh C.Mc bn nhiu v cuc /tranh chng CNTB, Lnin bn nhiu v cuc /tranh chng CN /quc, th HCM t/trung bn v cuc /tranh chng CN TD. C.Mc v Lnin bn nhiu v /tranh g/c cc nc TB CN, HCM bn nhiu v /trah gp d/tc thuc a. Trog nhiu t/phm, nht l g cch mnh, Ng p/bit 3 loi CM: CMVS, CMTS v CM gp d/tc, x t/cht v n/v of CM thuc a l gp d/tc. - La chn con g ptr of d/tc. gp d/tc cn x 1 con g ptr of d/tc, v phg hg ptr d/tc quy nh n~ y/c v n/dung trc mt of cuc /tranh ginh /lp. T thc tin p/tro cu nc of ng cha v l/s nh/loi, HCM k phg hg ptr of d/tc VN trog bi cnh th/i mi l CNXH. H/nh con g ptr t CM gp d/tc ln CM XHCN l mt v/ ht sc mi m. T mt nc thuc a i ln CNXH fi tri qua nhiu g c/lc # nhau. Trog Cg lnh c/tr /tin of CS VN, HCM vit: lm t sn dn quyn CM v th a CM i ti XH CS. Con g k/hp c n/dung d/tc, d/ch v CNXH, xt v thc cht chnh l con g /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH. i ti XH CS l hg ptr lu di. T sn dn quyn CM l g c/lc gp d/tc, hon thnh n/v chng quc, ginh /lp d/tc (cha tin hnh trit cuc CM rung t). Th a CM k nm trog cuc CM t sn dn quyn, m l 1 g c/lc vs n/v ch yu l CM rung t. i ti XH CS li l g ptr k tip tng bc t m/tiu cui cng. Mi g c/lc c 1 n/v c/lc trug tm v trog mi g c th lm trc 1 phn n/v of g sau, or l lm nt n/v of g trc li.
S h/nh con g ptr d/tc of HCM l b/chng v k/quan, k nhp 2 n/v chng /quc v chng PK vo 1 cuc CM t sn dn quyn. N p/hp vs h/c l/s c th thuc a. cg l nt c o, # bit vs con g ptr ln CNTB cc nc phg Ty. b. /lp d/tc- n/dung ct li of v/ d/tc thuc a - Cch tip cn t quyn con ng. HCM ht sc trn trng quyn con ng. Ng tm hiu v tip nhn n~ nh/t v quyn con ng c nu trog Tuyn ngn /lp 1776 of M, Tuyn ngn nhn quyn v dn quyn 1791 of CM P, nh quyn bnh ng, quyn c sng, quyn t do v quyn mu cu hp. Ng k/nh: l n~ l fi k ai chi ci c. T quyn con ng, HCM k/qut v n/cao thnh quyn d/tc tt c cc d/tc trn TG u sinh ra bnh ng, d/tc no cg c quyn sng, quyn s/sng v quyn t do. - N/dung of /lp d/tc. + /lp t do l k/vng ln nht of cc d/tc thuc a. HCM ni: T do cho ng bo ti, /lp cho t quc ti, y l tt c n~ iu ti mun; y l tt c n~ iu ti hiu. Nm 1919, thay mt n~ ng VN yu nc, Ng~ i Quc gi ti Hi ngh Vcxy bn Yu sch gm tm im, i cc quyn t do, d/ch cho nd VN. Nm 1930, Ng~ i Quc son tho Cg lnh C/tr /tin of , mt Cg lnh gp d/tc /n v s/to, m TT ct li l /lp, t do cho d/tc. T 5-1941, HCM ch tr Hi ngh ln th tm BCH TW , vit th knh bo ng bo, ch r: trog lc ny q/li d/tc gp cao hn ht thy. Ng ch o t/lp VN /lp ng minh, ra bo VN /lp, tho Mi c/sch of Vit Minh. T8-1945, HCM c kt ch /tranh cho /lp d/tc, t do of nd ta trog cu ni bt h: D hy sinh ti u, d fi t chy c dy Trng Sn cg fi kin quyt ginh c /lp. CMT8 t/cng, Ng thay mt c/ph lm thi c Tuyn ngn /lp, long trng k trc TG: Nc VN c quyn hng t do /lp. Ton th d/tc VN quyt em tt c t/thn v LL, tnh mng v of ci gi vng quyn t do, /lp . + /lp, t do l quyn thing ling, bt kh xm phm of tt c cc d/tc. Trog cc th v in vn gi ti Lin hp quc v c/ph cc nc sau t/gian CMT8, HCM trnh trng tuyn b: Nd c/ti thnh tht mong mun h/bnh. Nhng nd chng ti cg kin quyt chin u n cng b/v n~ quyn thing ling nht: ton vn lnh th cho T quc v /lp cho /nc.
Cuc k/c chng TD P bng n, HCM ra li ku gi: K! C/ta th hy sinh tt c, ch nht nh k chu mt nc, nht nh k chu lm n l. Khi quc M in cung m rng c/tranh, t em qun vin chinh nh ph MNam, ng thi ph hoi MBc, HCM nu ln chn l ln nht th/i: K c g qu hn /lp, t do. + /lp t do l m/tiu chin u, l ngun s/mnh lm nn c/thng of d/tc VN trog th k XX, mt TT ln trog th/i gp d/tc. K c g qu hn /lp, t do l khu hiu hh ng of d/tc VN v cg ng thi l ngun c v m/m cho cc d/tc b p bc trn ton TG ag /tranh chng CN TD.. c. CN d/tc- Mt /lc ln of /nc. - Khi chuyn sang g CN~ quc, cc cng quc TB phg Ty ra sc tin hnh c/tranh x/lc thuc a, thit lp ch thng tr of CN~ TD vs n~ c/sch tn bo. - T n~ nm 20 of th k XX, Ng~ i Quc nhn thy s p bc, b/lt of CN quc vs cc d/tc thuc a ngy cng nng n, th phn ng of cc d/tc b p bc cng quyt lit. - HCM k: i vs cc d/tc thuc a phg ng, CN d/tc l /lc ln of /nc. Ng kin ngh v Cg lnh hnh ng of Qt CS l: Pht ng CN d/tc bn x nhn danh Qt CS khi CN d/tc of h t/li nht nh CN d/tc y s bin thnh CN Qt. - HCM thy s/mnh of CN d/tc vs t cch l CN yu nc chn chnh of cc d/tc thuc a. + Theo HCM: Chnh do t/thn yu nc m qun i v nd ta kin quyt xd mt nc VN /lp, d/ch, t do, ph cng, 1 nc VN d/ch mi. + HCM nh gi cao s/mnh of CN d/tc. M n~ ng CS fi nm ly v p/huy v Ng cho l 1 c/sch mang tnh hin thc tuyt vi. 2. Mqh gia v/ d/tc v v/ g/c a. V/ d/tc v v/ g/c c qh cht ch vs nhau HCM rt coi trng v/ d/tc, cao s/mnh of CN yu nc, nhng Ng lun ng trn q/im g/c nhn thc v g/quyt v/ d/tc. S k/hp v/ g/c v v/ d/tc of HCM th hin: + K v/tr l/s of giai cc c/nhn v quyn l/o d/nht CS. + C/trg K d/tc r/ri trn nn tng lin minh c/nhn, nng dn v tng lp tr thc di s l/o of CS. + Sd bo lc CM of q/chng chng li bo lc phn CM of k th. + Thit lp c/quyn N/nc of dn, do dn v v dn. + Gn kt m/tiu /lp d/tc v CNXH.
b. Gp d/tc l v/ trn ht, trc ht, /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH - Khc vs cc con g cu nc of ng cha, gn /lp d/tc vs CN p/kin (cui TK XIX), or CNTB (u TK XX), con g cu nc of HCM l /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH. - Nm 1920, ngay khi q/nh phg hg gp v ptr d/tc theo ng of CM VS, HCM c s g/b thng nht gia d/tc v g/c, d/tc v qt, /lp d/tc v CNXH. - Nm1960, Ng ni: ... ch c CNXH, CN CS mi gp c cc d/tc p bc v n~ ng l trn TG khi ch n l. TT HCM p/ quy lut k/quan of s/nghip gp d/tc trog th/i CN quc, va p/ mqh khng kht gia m/tiu gp d/tc vs m/tiu gp g/c v gp con ng. HCM ni: ... nc c /lp m dn k c hng hp t do, th /lp cg chng c ngha l g. Ng k: Yu T quc, yu nd fi gn lin vs yu CNXH v c tin ln CNXH th nd mh mi ngy mt no m thm, T quc mi ngy mt giu mnh thm. c. Gp d/tc to tin gp g/c HCM g/quyt v/ d/tc theo q/im g/c, nhng ng thi t v/ g/c trog v/ d/tc. Gp d/tc khi ch thng tr of CN TD l k gp g/c v th l/ch of g/c fi phc tng l/ch of d/tc. T 5-1941, Ng cng vs TW k: ... trog lc ny q/li of b/phn, of g/c fi t di s sinh t, tn vong of q/gia, of d/tc. Trog lc ny cg k i li c. d. /lp cho d/tc mh ng thi tn trog /lp of cc d/tc khc. - L 1 chin s qt chn chnh, HCM k ch /tranh cho /lp of d/tc VN, m cn /trah cho /lp of tt c cc d/tc b p bc. - Nu cao t/thn /lp t ch, t/hin n/tc v quyn d/tc t quyt, nhng HCM k qun ngha v qt trog vic ng h cc cuc /tranh gp d/tc trn TG ra khu hiu gip bn l t gip mh, v c/trg fi = t/li of CM mi nc m /gp vo t/li chung of CM TG. - TT HCM v v/ d/tc mang tnh KH v CM s/sc, th hin s k/hp nhun nhuyn gia d/tc v g/c, CN yu nc chn chnh vs CN qt trog sng.
mnh cuc /tranh gp d/tc. V vy, cuc CM g Dg trog g hnay l mt cuc CM d/tc gp. - T/li of CMT8 nm 1945 cg nh n~ t/li trog 30 nm c/tranh CM VN 1945 - 1954 trc ht l t/li of g li CM gp d/tc /n v TT /lp, t do of HCM. II. TT HCM v CM gp d/tc. 1. M/tiu of CM gp d/tc a.T/cht v n/v of CM thuc a - T/cht of cuc CM thuc a + HCM nhn thy s phn ha g/c cc nc thuc a phg ng k ging nh cc nc TB phg Ty. H u chung mt s phn mt nc, gia h vn c s tng ng ln, h u chung s phn l ng n l mt nc. + M/thun ch yu trog XH thuc a phg ng l m/thun gia d/tc b p bc vs CN TD. Chnh v vy m t/cht cuc /tranh CM cc nc thuc a trc ht l fi tin hnh cuc /tranh gp d/tc. + i tg of CM thuc a l CN TD v tay sai phn ng. + Y/c bc thit of nd cc nc thuc a l /lp d/tc ... v/ c bn of CM thuc a l v/ nng dn, v c/trg nhn mnh v/ rung t, nhn mnh /tranh g/c. - N/v of cuc CM thuc a + Trog t/ph g cch mnh, Ng nhn mnh t/cht v n/v of CMVN l CM gp d/tc v ng t/h n/v CM chnh l nng dn. + Cg lnh C/tr /tin of do Ng~ i Quc son tho x n/v v c/tr, KT, VH, XH, ni ln hng u l n/v chng quc ginh /lp d/tc. Trog bao hm c gp g/c v gp con ng. + Hi ngh ln 8 BCHTW (5/1941) do HCM ch tr kin quyt ging cao ngn c /lp d/tc, nhn mnh l n/v bc thit nht, c/trg tm gc khu hin CM rung t, v ch tin hnh n/v 1 mc thch hp nhm p/v cho n/v gp d/tc. + Trog n~ bi ni, bi vit t/k k/c chng P, chng M, HCM tip tc nhn mnh n/v gp d/tc. b. M/tiu of CM gp d/tc - CM gp d/tc nhm nh ch thng tr of CN TD, ginh /lp d/tc v thit lp c/quyn of nd. - M/tiu cp thit of CM thuc a cha fi l ginh li q/li ring bit of mi g/c m l q/li chung of ton d/tc. - Thng 5 - 1941, Ng~ i Quc ch tr Hi ngh TW ln th tm c/trg: thay i c/lc t nhn mnh g/c sang nhn 2. CM gp d/tc mun t/li fi i theo con g CM VS. a. Bi hc t s tht bi of cc con g cu nc trc khi Ng~ i Quc ra i tm ng cu nc - gp d/tc khi ch thng tr of TD P, ng cha ta sd nhiu con g gn vs n~ khuynh hg c/tr # nhau, sd n~ th v kh TT # nhau song u tht bi. - /nc lm vo ... tnh hnh en ti tng nh k li ra. l tnh trng k/hong v g li cu nc VN TK XX. - Sinh ra trog cnh nc mt nh tan, nd fi chu cnh lm than HCM chng kin cc p/tro yu nc of ng cha. Chnh v th, mc d rt khm phc t/thn cu nc of ng cha, nhng HCM k tn thnh con g of h m quyt tm ra i tm mt con g mi. on tuyt vs s ptr theo con g of CN PK, HCM n nhiu q/gia v chu lc trn TG. b. CM t sn l k trit - Trog khong 10 nm vt qua cc i dng n vs nh/loi cn lao ag tranh u nhiu chu lc v q/gia trn TG, Ng~ i Quc k/hp tm hiu l lun vs thc tin nht l 3 nc TB ptr: Anh, P, M. - Ng nhn thy: Cch mnh P cg nh cch mnh M, ngha l cch mnh TB, cch mnh k n ni, ting l cng ha v d/ch, k thc trog th n tc lc cg ng, ngoi th n p bc thuc a. Bi l , Ng k i theo con g CM TS. c. Con g gp d/tc - HCM thy c CMT10 Nga k ch l 1 cuc CM VS m n cn l mt cuc CM gp d/tc. N nu tm gng sng v s gp cc d/tc thuc a v ... m ra trc mt h th/i CM chng quc v CM gp d/tc. - Ng hon ton tin theo Lnin v Qt th ba v ... bnh vc cho cc d/tc b p bc. Ng thy trog l lun of Lnin 1 phg hg mi gp d/tc: Con g CM VS. - Vt qua s h/ch v TT of cc s phu yu nc v cc nh CM c xu hg TS ng thi, HCM n vs h/thuyt of CN M-L v la chn xu hg c/tr VS. Ng k: Mun cu nc gp d/tc k c con g no khc con g CM VS., ch c CNXH v CN CS mi gp c d/tc b p bc v n~ ng l trn TG khi ch n l.
3. CM gp d/tc trog th/i mi fi do CS l/o a. CM trc ht fi c - Ng~ i Quc p/tch: Phm lm vic g cg vy, bt k ln b, bt k kh d, nu k ra sc chc k t/cng..., Vic gp gng cm n l cho ng bo, cho nh/loi l vic to tt nn fi gng sc .Mun lm CM th fi bn gan, ng ch, ng lng v bit quyt tm, li fi bit cch lm th mi chng. - Nhng mun lm cch mnh, trc fi lm cho dn gic ng fi ging gii l lun v CN cho dn hiu. CM fi hiu phong triu TG, fi by s/lc cho dn Vy nn sc CM fi t/trung, mun t/trung fi c cch mnh. - Trog t/ph g cch mnh, Ng k: Trc ht fi c cch mnh trog th v/ng t/c q/chng, ngoi th lin lc vs d/tc b p bc v v sn PK mi ni. c vng cch mnh mi t/cng cg nh ng cm li c vng thuyn mi chy. b. CS VN l ng l/o d/nht - u 1930, Ng sng lp CS VN, 1 chnh of g/c c/nhn v d/tc VN, ly CN M-L lm ct c t/c cht ch, k lut, nghim minh v mt thit lin lc vs q/chng. - HCM xd c 1 CM tin phong, p/hp vs thc tin CM VN, g/b vs nd, vs d/tc, 1 lng phng s T Quc, phng s nd c d/tc ta tha nhn l i tin phong of mh. - Ngay t khi mi ra i, nm ngon c l/o d/nht i vs CM VN v tr thnh nh/t hng u b/m mi t/li of CM. 4. LL of CM b/gm ton d/tc a. CM l s/nghip of dn chng b p bc HCM tip thu CN M-L v k tha tr/thng thn dn cu d/tc, Ng /bit coi trng v/tr CM of q/chng: Gc c vng cy mi bn Xy lu t/li trn nn nd + T 1924 HCM ngh n cuc k/ngha v trang ton dn, cuc k/ngha fi c chun b trog q/chng. + HCM nghim khc p/phn vic ly m st c nhn v bo ng non lm phg thc hnh ng v k ... cch mnh l vic chug of c dn chng ch k fi vic ring of 1 hai ng. + Trog q/trnh ch o v h CM, HCM lun ly nd lm ngun gc s/mnh, q/im ly dn lm gc x/sut q/trnh ch o c/tranh of Ng: c dn l c tt c, ... d trm ln k dn cg chu, kh vn ln dn liu cg xong. + HCM nh gi rt cao v/tr of q/chng nd trog k/ngha v trang. Ng coi s/mnh v i v n/lc s/to v tn of q/chng l then cht b/m t/li: ... dn khi mnh th qun lnh no, sng ng no cg k chng li ni b. LL of CM gp d/tc b/gm ton d/tc
- Di ch cai tr of TD P, XH VN t PK thun ty tr thnh XH thuc a na PK. Tt c mi mt of s XH u fi t trog qu o chuyn ng of XH . Ngoi g/c c/nhn v nng dn, g/c TS d/tc v 1 b/phn a ch va v nh mc d c mt h/ch trog qh vs q/chng nhg h cg l ng VN chu ni nhc mt nc. k fi l g/c thng tr m tri li c k/nng t/gia p/tro gp d/tc. - HCM p/tch D/tc cch mnh th cha phn g/c ngha l s, nng, cng thg u nht tr chng li cng quyn. - Trog Cg lnh C/tr /tin, Ng x LL CM b/gm c d/tc: i b/phn g/c c/nhn, nng dn, t sn, tr thc, trung nng. - Trog LL ton d/tc HCM nhn mnh: + /lc of CM l g/c c/nhn v nng dn, Ng p/tch c/nhn v nng dn c s lng ng nht nn c s/mnh ln nht. H li b p bc, b/lt nng n nn ... lng cch mnh cng bn, ch cch mnh cng quyt. + Cng nng l gc cch mnh. y l 1 v/ ht sc mi m of Bc so vs cc nh y nc trc . Tuy vy Ng k coi nh v/tr k/nng t/gia s/nghip gp d/tc of cc g/c v tng lp khc. Ng coi tiu t sn, t sn d/tc v mt b/phn a ch l ng minh of CM. 5. CM gp d/tc cn c tin hnh ch ng s/to v c k/nng ginh t/li trc CM VS chnh quc a. CM gp d/tc cn c tin hnh ch ng, s/to + Khi CNTB chuyn thnh CN quc th thuc a tr thnh mt trog n~ ngun sng of CN quc. + Ng~ i Quc k ... tt c sinh lc of CNTB u ly t cc x thuc a. Ng ch r ... nc c v sc sng of con rn c TB CN ag t/trung cc thuc a. + Ng thng thn ph bnh mt s CS nh Anh, P k thy c v/ q/trng . HCM k: trog cuc /tranh chng CN quc, CN TD, CM thuc a c tm q/trng /bit. Nd cc d/tc thuc a c k/nng CM to ln. Theo HCM ... fi lm cho cc d/tc t trc n nay vn cch bit nhau, hiu bit nhau hn v /kt li t c/s cho 1 lin minh phg ng tng lai, khi lin minh ny s l mt trog n~ ci cnh of CM VS. + Ti H V Qt CS (1924), Ng~ i Quc p/phn cc CS: Anh, P, H Lan, B v cc CS cc nc c thuc a cha thi hnh c/sch tht tch cc trog v/ thuc a. + Trog khi y/c Qt CS v cc CS q/tm n CM thuc a, HCM vn k: c/cuc gp nd thuc a ch c th t/hin = s n lc t gp.
+ V/dng cng thc of C.Mc: ... s gp of g/c c/nhn l s/nghip of bn thn g/c c/nhn Ng i n lun im c/cuc gp a e ch c th t/hin c = s n lc of bn thn a e + Ng nh gi cao s/mnh of mt d/tc vng dy chng TD v Ng c/trg p/huy n/lc ch quan of d/tc, trnh li. Mt d/tc k t lc cnh sinh m c ngi ch d/tc khc gip th k xng ng c /lp. b. Qh gia CM thuc a vs CM VS chnh quc + HCM cho rng gia CM gp thuc a v CM VS chnh quc c mqh mt thit, t qua li ln nhau trog vic chng k th chung l CN quc nhng l mqh bnh ng ch k fi qh ph thuc. + Nhn thc v/tr, v/tr c/lc of CM thuc a v s/mnh d/tc, Ng~ i Quc cho rng CM gp thuc a c th ginh t/li trc CM VS chnh quc. y l lun im s/to c gtr l lun v tin tin, mt cng hin q/trng of ch tch HCM vo kho tng l lun CN M-L. Thc t t/li of p/tro gp d/tc trn ton TG gn mt TK qua l hon ton /n. 6. CM gp d/tc fi c tin hnh = con g CM bo lc a. Tnh tt yu of CM bo lc - Tnh tt yu: + Cc th lc quc dng bo lc x/lc v thng tr thuc a, n p d man cc p/tro yu nc V th con g ginh v gi /lp ch c th l con g CM bo lc. + nh gi ng b/cht cc k phn ng of bn quc v tay sai, HCM ch r: Cn dng bo lc CM chng li bo lc phn CM, ginh ly c/quyn v b/v c/quyn. + Qun trit q/im of CN M-L, HCM cho rng bo lc CM l bo lc of q/chng nd. + Trog t/k 1940 1945 Ng cng TW ch o xd c/s of CM bo lc gm: LL c/tr q/chng v LL v trang nd. M/trn Vit Minh chnh l ni tp hp, gic ng v r/luyn LL c/tr. - H/thc CM bo lc. Gm c /tranh c/tr v /tranh v trang nhng fi ty tnh hnh kho k/hp cc h/thc /tranh v trang v /tranh c/tr ginh t/li. + Trog CMT8 bo lc CM th hin = k/ngha v trang vs LL c/tr l ch yu. + Trog c/tranh CM LL v trang v /tranh v trang v /tranh v trang gi v/tr q/nh trog vic tiu dit LL qun s ch. Nhng /tranh v trang k tch bit /tranh c/tr. b. TT bo lc CM g/b hu c vs TT nhn o v h/bnh
TT HCM v CM bo lc # hn TT hiu chin of cc th lc quc x/lc, x/pht t tnh yu thg, qu trng con ng. + Vic tin hnh c/tranh ch l gii P bt buc cui cng khi k cn k/nng ha hon khi k th ngoan c. + TT bo lc CM v TT nhn o h/bnh thng nht b/chng vs nhau yu thg con ng, yu chung h/bnh, t do, cng l, tranh th mi k/nng h/bnh g/quyt xung t nhng 1 khi k th trnh khi c/tranh th fi kin quyt tin hnh c/tranh, kin quyt dng bo lc CM, dng k/ngha v c/tranh CM ginh, gi v b/v h/bnh v /lp, t do. c. Hnh thi bo lc CM Theo HCM, trog s/nghip k/c, kin quc LL chnh l dn. Ng c/trg tin hnh k/ngha ton dn v c/tranh nd. - X/pht t tng quan LL ly nh nh ln, ly t nh nhiu, HCM c/trg pht ng c/tranh nd da vo LL ton dn, c LL v trang lm nng ct theo phg chm: ton dn, t/din, lu di v da vo sc mh l chnh. - Ton dn k/ngha, ton dn ni dy l nt /sc trog TT HCM v hnh thi bo lc CM. + Trog c/tranh qun s l vic ch cht nhng ng thi fi k/hp cht ch vs /tranh c/tr. + /tranh ngoi giao cg l mt m/trn c ngha c/lc, c td thm bn, bt th HCM c/trg na nh, na m. + /tranh KT l ra sc tng gia SX, thc hnh tit kim, ptr KT of ta, ph hoi KT of ch. + C/tranh v VH cg rt q/trng. + Trc n~ k th ln mnh, HCM c/trg nh lu di. + T lc cnh sinh l mt phg chm c/lc rt q/trng nhm p/huy s/mnh ch quan, trnh trng ch, li p/huy n mc cao nht mi n lc of d/tc, cao t/thn /lp, t ch. KT LUN TT HCM v v/ d/tc v CM gp d/tc c n~ lun im s/to, /sc c gtr l lun v thc tin ln: 1. Lm p/ph hc thuyt M-L v CM thuc a - V l lun CM gp d/tc + HCM k rp khun trog n~ nguyn l, l lun c sn, l lun /tranh g/c vo k l/s thuc a, m c s k/hp hi ha gia v/ d/tc vs v/ g/c + L lun CM gp d/tc of HCM b/gm h/thng n~ q/im s/to, c o. L lun fi tri qua n~ th thch ht sc gay gt. + HCM ag gp rt ln vo kho tng l lun CM of th/i, lm p/ph thm CN M-L v CM thuc a.
- V pp tin hnh CM gp d/tc. Pp tin hnh CM gp d/tc of HCM ht sc c o v s/to, thm nhun tnh nhn vn. + X/pht t k thc tin of mt nc thuc a, HCM xd nn l lun v pp k/ngha ton dn v c/tranh nd + HCM lun bit nh gi ng LL gia ta v ch. P/huy s/mnh ton d/tc, da vo dn tin hnh k/ngha v trang v c/tranh nd, k/hp cc quy lut k/ngha v c/tranh l im c o. + S v/dng s/to v ptr hc thuyt of Lnin v CM thuc a b/gm: g li, c/lc, s/lc v pp l mt di sn qun s v gi m ng li cho v nd ta. + TT khi thm nhp vo p/tro c/nhn v p/tro yu nc VN lm cho cc p/tro chuyn sang qu o CM VS. + HCM tp hp v truyn b CN M-L cho cc thanh nin yu nc. Dn dt h theo con g m ng tri qua: t CN yu nc n vs CN M-L tiu biu nht l t/c Tn Vit t lp trng t sn sang lp trng v sn. 2. Soi ng t/li cho CM gp d/tc VN - T/li of CMT8 1945 + Mc d c/lc gp d/tc c th hin trog Cg lnh c/tr /tin (3-2-1930) b ph nhn bi Lun Cg C/tr (101930) nhng n c k tr li trog t/k 1939-1945. + Theo l lun gp d/tc HCM, c/trg thay i c/lc, kin quyt ging cao ngn c gp d/tc, t n/v chng quc ln hng u, g/quyt v/ d/tc trog khun kh tng nc g Dg, t/lp M/trn Vit Minh. Di s l/o of M/trn Vit Minh nd ta xd LL v mi mt v tin hnh tng k/ngha t/cng trog c nc. - T/li 30 nm c/tranh CM 1945 - 1975 + Trog k/c chng P, qun dn ta anh dng ng ln vs t/thn th hi sinh tt c ch nht nh k chu mt nc, nht nh k chu lm n l. Tng bc nh bi LL ch tin ln ginh t/li q/nh cuc tng tin cng c/lc 1953-1954 nh cao l chin dch in Bin Ph buc P fi k hip nh Ginev (21/7/1954). + Trog k/c chng M: vs t/thn K c g qu hn /lp t do. Qun dn 2 min ln lt nh bi cc c/lc of M lm lung lay ch x/lc of quc M buc chng fi k hip nh Pari (27-1-1973) tin ti cuc tng tin cng v ni dy 1975 v ginh t/li hon ton. N~ t/li c/lc of CM VN trog TK XX chng t hng hn gtr KH v thc tin of TT HCM v CM gp d/tc.
- Trog c/cuc i mi hnay, c/ta fi bit khi dy s/mnh of CN yu nc v t/thn d/tc ngun /lc m/m xd v b/v /nc ; g/quyt v/ d/tc trn lp trng g/c c/nhn, chm lo xd khi K d/tc, g/quyt tt mqh gia cc d/tc anh em v trog c/ng cc d/tc VN.
CHNG 3: TT HCM v CNXH v con g qu ln CNXH VN. Th/i ngy nay CNXH l hin thc hay ch l nguyn vng ch quan of n~ ng CS. c nhiu q/im # nhau v v/ ny: K th c/ta cho rng, y l s p t ch quan of n~ ng CS. N~ ng CS LX cho rng, s sp of CNXH l do s phn bi of Goc Ba Chp. Vo ma Thu nm 1999 khi c mi dy Ancada, Goc Ba Chp nhc i nhc i nhc li nhiu ln, m/ch of ti l tiu dit CNXH LX v cc nc, lm vic ng ta c nhiu ng h tr nh Xvtntde, Iacplp. ta vn k s la chn con g CNXH cho s ptr /nc l s la chn mang tnh l/s, l s la chn d/nht ng of of HCM v c d/tc ta t n~ nm 20 of TK 20. I. TT HCM v CNXH VN. 1.Tnh tt yu of CNXH VN - HCM tip thu, v/dng s/to l lun hnh thi KT- XH of ML v s ptr tt yu of XH loi ng. Ng k: tin ln CNXH l bc ptr tt yu of VN sau khi nc nh c /lp theo con g CM VS. CNXH- K/qu tt yu of CM VN : ** V l lun: Cn c vo q/im CM k ngng of Lnin. CM k ngng : T CM thng 10 Nga , Lnin nhn nh : - Cuc /tranh of g/c c/nhn v t do, d/ch v CNXH. - Cuc /tranh of nng dn i rung t v quyn dn sinh d/ch ti thiu. - Cuc /tranh of cc d/tc i bnh ng v t quyt d/tc. - Cuc /tranh of nd ng o i chm dt c/tranh v to lp 1 nn h/bnh vng chc Nh vy, v/ h/bnh, dn sinh, d/ch tr thnh mu s chung of tt c cc tro lu . Theo Lnin, tt c n~ iu biu l n~ du hiu v sn l cuc CM d/ch t sn
kiu mi do g/c c/nhn l/o. S hon thnh trit cuc CM c ngha l to lp chic cu trc tip chuyn sang CM XHCN. ** V thc tin : L/s cho php CN CS thm nhp d dng vo Chu hn l Chu uDa trn n~ tr/thng VH TT, k KT, XH v s thng tr tn bo of CNTB ti thuc a chu . N/dung CM XHCN mang t/cht trit v nhn o. Nh cuc CM nd l lm ch nc nh , n~ d/tc nh b ginh c /lp, rung t v tay dn cy. (Trog khi cch mnh P cg nh cch mnh M ngha l cch mnh TB, cch mnh k n ni cch mnh 4 ln ri m nay cng nng P vn cn fi mu cch mnh ln na mi hng thot khi vng p bc. Di con mt HCM . CM thng 10 nh mt s ni tri, vt xa v # hn vs cuc CM XH tng din ra trog l/s trc . Trog TT HCM /lp d/tc mi ch l cp /tin . Gp v mt c/tr t bn thn n cha fi l c/cuc gp hon ton , /lp d/tc ch l tin /tin tin ln CNXH, i ti cs m no, t do, hp. *** CNXH l s la chn d/nht v /n of ,of Bc H v of d/tc VN S la chn da trn hai cn c ch yu: - Ch c CNXH mi gp c trit g/c v sn v nd l khi ch b/lt, p bc, bt cng, mi em li cs m no, t do, hp cho nd v a nd ln lm ch XH. /lp d/tc ch c gn lin vs CNXH th mi vng chc. - CM XNCH thng 10 Nga 1917 t/cng m ra th/i mi th/i qu t CHTB ln CNXH. Chnh t/cht of th/i mi to ra k/nng hin thc cho n~ d/tc lc hu tin ln CNXH. N~ k/nng hin thc ny em li nhn thc mi m v trit trog Q/nim cg nh gii P g/quyt v/ /lp d/tc. T/cht mi m v trit ny th hin n~ im mu cht: + /lp d/tc thc s /bo cho d/tc c quyn t quyt d/tc, quyn la chn ch c/tr, la chn con g v m hnh ptr, /lp c v KT, c/tr, VH. iu q/trng l /lp d/tc fi thc s /bo quyn lm ch of nd; nd c cs m no, t do, hp; con ng c ptr t/din, c n/lc v k lm ch. + /lp d/tc i hi fi xa b tnh trng p bc, b/lt, n dch of d/tc ny vs d/tc khc v KT, c/tr v VH t/thn. + S trao i, hp tc KT, VH gia cc nc da trn n/tc tn trng ch quyn of nhau, bnh ng v cng c li, v TG k c
c c/tranh, k c s honh hnh of ci c, of n~ s tn bo v bt cng, /bo co con ng sng trog an bnh v hp. Nh vy con g /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH l con g p/hp quy lut k/quan of CM nc ta, p ng nguyn vng hng ngn i nay of nd ta l /lp d/tc, t do, m no, hp cho nd. /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH, g li ny tri qua n~ g ptr vs n/dung v h/thc, bc i gn lin vs of mi g, to nn s/mnh k diu nh bi mi k th, ginh /lp v xd, b/v /nc t/li. - T/k /tranh ginh c/quyn (1930-1945) Ngay t khi ra i, trog Cg lnh c/tr of mh (chnh Cg vn tt v s/lc vn tt of 3/2/1930), x dt khot, r rng rng: CM VN l mt q/trnh CM k ngng v fi tri qua 2 g: CM d/tc d/ch g u, lm xong m/tiu c bn of cch mnh l ginh c/quyn th s chuyn sang g tip theo, g qu ln CNXH b qua g ptr TB CNTB. M/ch cui cng of l t/hin CNXH v CN CS trn /nc VN. Xc lp v/tr l/o of g/c c/nhn v gn lin vs n l xc lp s lin minh gia g/c c/nhn vs g/c nng dn v tng lp tr thc, y l v/ mu cht /bo cho CM ptr theo phg hg . Thm vo , CNXH mi ch l trin vng tin ln, cha fi l m/tiu trc tip, nhng n nh hg v c ngha vch th/i trog lch s CM VN. N q/nh trc tnh /n of ton b g li c/lc v s/lc of CM. N q/nh t/cht, /lc v mt phn pp tin hnh cuc CM d/tc d/ch. - T/k va k/c va xd ch mi (1945-1954) /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH l quy lut c bn of CM VN. Nhng mi t/k l/s, ta li rt l/hot, s/to trog g/quyt mqh gia m/tiu, c/lc v ch o c/lc, m/ch cui cng l t c /lp d/tc v CNXH. Khi K ton dn k/c chng TD P x/lc da trn nn tng p/huy lng yu nc of ton dn , va da trn n~ t/tu ban u of ch mi. Ch mi k ch l LL t/thn m cn l LL v/cht to ln, /bo k/c lu di, cng nh cng thng, cui cng nh bi cuc x/lc of TD P. - T/k c nc tin hnh ng thi hai c/lc CM, CM XHCN MBc v CM d/tc d/ch MNam (1954-1975). Bc vo t/k ny, g li c/lc k/hp /lp d/tc v CNXH c th hin mt cch /o, cha c tin l lch s v hon ton p/hp vs v y/c CM nc ta trog k nc ta tm thi b chia ct ra lm 2 min. l g li tin hnh ng thi 2 c/lc CM # nhau 2 min: CM d/tc d/ch MNam v CM XHCN MBc.
S k/hp ngn c /lp d/tc v CNXH trog t/k ny mang hnh thi # t/k trc. CNXH k ch l s/mnh t/thn, l trin vng m tr thnh s/mnh v/cht, s/mnh t/c, tr thnh hin thc trn 1 na /nc, s/mnh of 1 ch XH. T/k ny c 2 ngn c /lp d/tc v CNXH u l trc tip. Hin thc XHCN MBc thc y nd MNam tin ln gp MNam, thng nht T quc. Mt #, CM d/tc d/ch nd MNam thi thc nd MBc lm vic = 2 gp MNam. S k/hp 2 ngn c trog g ny cn l k/hp s/mnh of TG, of th/i. 2. /trng of CNXH VN. (Cu 5) 3. Q/nim of HCM v m/tiu v /lc of CNXH a. M/tiu: HCM thc c r rng g/tr of CNXH v mt l lun l q/trng, nhng v/ q/trng hn l tm con g t/hin n~ g/tr ny. im then cht, c ngha pp lun q/trng of HCM l ra cc m/tiu chung v m/tiu c th xd CNXH trog mi g CM # nhau nc ta. Thng qua q/trnh ra cc m/tiu , CNXH c biu hin vs vic t/mn cc nhu cu, l/ch thit yu of ng l theo cc nc thang t thp n cao, to ra tnh hp dn, nng ng of ch XH mi. + M/tiu chung of CNXH v m/tiu phn u of HCM l 1, l /lp t do cho d/tc; hp cho nd; ng bo ai cg c cm n o mc; ai cg c hc hnh. M/ch n/cao s ton dn c xem l tiu ch tng qut k v kim nghim t/cht XHCN of cc l lun CNXH v c/sch thc tin. Ch r v nu bt m/tiu of CNXH, HCM k/nh tnh u vit of CNXH so vs ch XH tn ti trog l/s, ch ra n/v gp con ng 1 cch t/din, theo cc cp : t gp d/tc, gp g/c, XH n gp tng c nhn con ng, h/thnh cc nhn cch ptr t do. + HCM x cc m/tiu c th of t/k qu ln CNXH trn tt c cc l/vc of s XH. - M/tiu c/tr: ch c/tr fi do nd l lm ch, N/nc l of dn, do dn v v dn. N/nc c 2 chc nng: d/ch vs nd, chuyn chnh vs k th of nd. 2 chc nng k tch ri nhau, m lun2 i i vs nhau. 1mt, HCM nhn mnh fi p/huy quyn d/ch v s/hot c/tr of nd; mt #, li y/cu fi chuyn chnh vs thiu s phn ng chng li l/ch of nd, chng li ch XHCN. p/huy quyn lm ch of nd, HCM ch r con g v bin P t/hin cc h/thc d/ch trc tip, n/cao n/lc h of cc t/c c/tr - XH of q/chng; cng c cc h/thc d/ch i din, tng
cng hiu lc v h/qu q/l of cc c quan lp P, hnh P v t P, x l v phn nh r chc nng of chng. - M/tiu KT: Theo HCM, ch c/tr of CNXH ch c b/m v ng vng trn c/s 1 nn KT vng mnh. Nn KT m c/ta ag xd l nn KT XHCN vs cng - nng nghip hin i; KH k thut tin tin; cch b/lt theo CNTB c b dn, s v/cht of nd ngy cng c ci thin, k/hp cc loi l/ch KT, trog ch khon c HCM rt q/tm. - M/tiu VH- XH: Xo nn m ch, ptr g/dc, n/cao dn tr, xd ptr VH ngh thut, t/hin np sng mi, thc hnh v sinh phng bnh, bi tr m tn d oan, khc phc tp qun lc hu; V b/cht of nn VH XHCN VN, Ng k/nh fi XHCN v n/dung. lm c iu fi p/huy vn c qy bu of d/tc, ng thi h/tp VH tin tin of TG, xd nn VH mi theo phg chm d/tc, KH, i chng. HCM nhc nh fi lm cho p/tro VH c b rng, ng thi fi c b su. HCM t ln hng u n/v of CM XHCN l /to con ng. V m/tiu cao nht, /lc q/nh nht c/cuc xd chh l con ng. Trog l lun xd con ng XHCN, HCM q/tm trc ht mt TT. Ng cho rng: Mun c con ng XHCN, fi c TT XHCN, TT XHCN mi con ng l kqu of vic h/tp, v/dng, ptr CN M-L, n/cao lng yu nc, yu CNXH. HCM lun nhn mnh n trau di, r/luyn /c CM, ng thi Ng cg rt q/tm n mt ti nng, lun to k mi ng r/luyn ti nng, em ti nng cng hin cho XH. Tuy vy, HCM lun gn ti nng vs /c. Cg nh vy, Ng lun gn p/cht c/tr vs tr/ hc vn, chuyn mn, nghip v, trog c/tr l t/thn, chuyn mn l th xc. 2 mt g/b thng nht trog 1 con ng. Do tt c mi ng u fi lun2 trau di /c v ti nng. b. Cc /lc of CNXH. (Cu 6) II. Con g, bin P qu ln CNXH VN. Hnay, t/k qu t CNTB trn phm vi ton TG vn ni chung ag tip din v con g ptr qu ln CNXH b qua ch TB CN ti cc nc CNXH ni ring cg c c/s l/s, thc tin su xa, vng chc, mang tnh quy lut k/quan, tt yu v hon ton kh thi. VN trog xu th chung of TG cg ag tin hnh qu ln CNXH. y l q/trnh lu di v cg c nhiu k/khn. T/k qu ln CNXH l t/k ci bin CM k ngng, trit v t/din t phg thc SX ny sang phg thc SX khc.T/k qu ln CNXH la tt yu k/quan vs mi nc i ln CNXH.Tuy
nhin vs cc nc c nn KT ptr th t/k ny din ra nhanh hn so vs n~ nc c nn KT km ptr 1. Con g a.Thc cht, loi hnh v of t/k qu C.Mc, Ph. ngghen, Lnin u k/nh tnh tt yu k/quan of t/k qu ln CNXH v ch r v/tr l/s, n/v c th of n trog q/trnh v/ng, ptr of hnh thi KT XH CS CN~. Theo Q/nim of cc nh kinh in of CN M-L: C 2 con g qu tin ln CNXH: - Con g qu trc tip ln CNXH t n~ nc TB ptr tr/ cao. - Con g qu gin tip ln CNXH n~ nc CNTB ptr cn thp or nh Lnin cho rng, n~ nc c nn KT lc hu, cha tri qua t/k ptr of CNTB cg c th i ln CNXH c trog k c th no , nht l trog k kiu mi of g/cp v sn nm quyn l/o v c 1 hay nhiu nc tin tin gip . V/dng l lun v CM k ngng, v t/k qu ln CNXH of CN M-L v x/pht t tnh hnh thc t VN, HCM k con g CM VN l tin hnh gp d/tc, hon thnh CM d/tc d/ch nd, tin dn ln CNXH. Nh vy, Q/nim HCM v t/k qu ln CNXH VN l hnh thi qu gin tip c th l qu t mt XH thuc a, na PK, nng nghip lc hu i ln CNXH b qua g ptr CNTB. y l mt thu tm / n~ m/thun, k/khn, p/tp, chi phi t/b tin trnh qu ln CNXH nc ta. Trog m/thun c bn of t/k qu , l m/thun gia nhu cu ptr cao of /nc theo xu hg tin b v thc trng KT - XH qu thp km of nc ta. b. N/v l/s of t/k qu ln CNXH VN Theo HCM, thc cht of t/k qu ln CNXH nc ta l q/trnh ci bin nn SX lc hu thnh nn SX tin tin, hin i. Thc cht of q/trnh ci to v ptr nn KT quc dn cg l cuc /tranh g/cp gay go, phc tp trog k mi, khi m nd ta hon thnh c bn CM d/tc d/ch, so snh LL trog nc v qt c n~ bin i. iu ny i hi fi p dng t/din cc h/thc /tranh c v c/tr, KT, VH, XH nhm chng li cc th lc i ngc li con g XHCN. Do n~ v t/cht quy nh, qu ln CNXH VN l 1 q/trnh dn dn, k/khn, phc tp v lu di. N/v to ln of t/k qu ln CNXH nc ta gm 2 n/dung ln : - Mt l, Xd nn tng v/cht v k thut cho CNXH, xd cc tin v KT, c/tr, VH, TT cho CNXH. - Hai l, Ci to XH c, xd XH mi, k/hp c/to v xd, trog ly xd lm trg tm, lm n/dung ct yu nht, ch cht, l/di.
Theo Q/nim of HCM thc cht of t/k qu ln CNXH nc ta l q/trnh ci bin nn SX lc hu thnh nn SX hin i. T/k ny y k/khn, phc tp, bi v : Th nht, y l 1 cuc CM lm o ln mi mt s XH, c LL SX v qh SX, c c/s h tng v k/trc thg tng. N t ra v i hi ng thi g/quyt hng lot m/thun # nhau. Nh trog di chc, HCM coi s/nghip xd CNXH l 1 cuc chin u khng l of ton , ton dn VN. "C/ta fi thay i trit n~ np sng, thi quen, ngh v thnh kin c gc r su xa hng ngn nm..." [HCM ton tp] Th hai, trog s/nghip xd CNXH, , N/nc v nd ta cha c k/nghim xd XHCN nht l trn l/vc KT. y l c/vic ht sc mi m i vs ta nn fi va lm, va hc v c th c vp vp, thiu st. Xd XH mi bao gi cg k/khn, phc tp hn nh XH c li thi. Th ba, s/nghip xd XHCN nc ta lun2 b cc th lc phn ng trog v ngoi nc tm cch chng ph. T vic ch r t/cht of t/k qu , HCM lun2 nhc nh c/b, vin trog xd CNXH fi thn trng, trnh nn nng, ch quan, t chy g. V/ c bn l fi x ng bc i v h/thc p/hp vs tr/ of LL SX, bit k/hp cc khu trung gian, qu , tun t tng bc, t thp ti cao. V vy xd CNXH i hi 1 n/lc l/o mang tnh KH, va hiu bit cc quy lut v/ng XH, li fi c ngh thut khn kho cho tht st vs tnh hnh thc t. c. Q/im of HCM v n/dung xd CNXH VN trog t/k qu . C/cuc xd CNXH nc ta l 1 s/nghip CM mang tnh t/din. HCM x r n/v c th cho tng l/vc. Trog l/vc c/tr: q/trng nht l fi gi vng v p/huy v/tr l/o of . fi lun2 t i mi v t chnh n, n/cao n/lc l/o v sc chin u, c h/thc t/c p/hp p ng cc y/c, n/v mi. Bc vo t/k qu i ln CNXH, ta tr thnh cm quyn. Mi q/tm ln nht of Ng v cm quyn l lm sao cho k tr thnh quan liu, xa dn, thoi ha, bin cht, lm mt lng tin of dn, c th dn n nguy c sai lm v g li, ct t mqh mu tht vs nd v cho CN~ c nhn ny n di nhiu h/thc. Mt n/dung c/tr q/trng trog t/k qu ln CNXH l cng c v m rng M/trn d/tc thng nht, nng ct l lin minh cng- nng v tri thc, do CS l/o; cng c v tng cng s/mnh ton b h/thng c/tr cg nh tng thnh t of n. Trog l/vc KT: Ng nhn mnh n vic tng nng sut l trn c/s tin hnh cng nghip ho XHCN. i vs c cu KT,
HCM cp c cu ngnh, c cu t/phn KT, c cu KT vng, lnh th. Ng q/nim ht sc c o v c cu KT nng-cng nghip, ly nng nghip lm m/trn hng u, cng c h/thng thg nghip lm cu ni tt nht gia cc ngnh SX XH, tha mn nhu cu thit yu of nd. i vs KT vng, lnh th, HCM lu fi ptr ng u gia KT th v KT nng thn. Ng /bit ch trng ch o ptr KT vng ni, hi o, va to k k ngng ci thin v n/cao s of ng bo, va /bo an ninh, quc phng cho /nc. nc ta, HCM l ng /tin c/trg ptr c cu KT nhiu t/phn trog qut t/k qu ln CNXH. Ng x r v/tr v xu hg v/ng of tng t/phn KT. Nc ta cn u tin ptr KT quc doanh to nn tng v/cht cho CNXH, thc y vic ci to XHCN. KT hp tc x l h/thc s hu tp th of nd l, Nh nc cn /bit k/ khch, hg dn v gip n ptr. V t/c hp tc x, HCM nhn mnh ng/tc dn dn, t thp n cao, t nguyn cng c li, chng ch quan, g p, h/thc. N/nc k xa b quyn s hu v t liu SX v of ci khc of dn, m hg dn h h lm li cho quc k dn sinh, p/hp vs KT nh nc, k/ khch v gip h ci to theo CNXH = h/thc TB nh nc. Bn cnh ch v qh s hu, Ng rt coi trg qh p/phi v q/l KT. Qun l KT fi da trn c/s hch ton, em li h/qu cao, sd tt cc n by trog ptr SX. Ng c/trg v ch r cc k t/hin n/tc p/ phi theo l: lm n` hng n`, lm t hng t, k lm k hng. Gn lin vs n/tc p/phi theo l, HCM bc u cp v/ khon trog SX, Ch lm khon l 1 k of CNXH, n k/ khch ng c/nhn lun2 tin b, cho nh my tin b. Lm khon l ch chung l li li ring..., lm khon tt thch hp v cng = di ch ta hnay Trog l/vc VH - XH: HCM nhn mnh n v/ xd con ng mi, /bit v/tr of VH, g/dc v KH k thut trog XH XHCN. Ng cho rng, mun xd CNXH nht nh fi c hc thc, cn fi hc c VH, c/tr, k thut v CNXH cng vs KH chc chn a loi ng n hp v tn. HCM rt coi trng vic n/cao dn tr, /to v sd nhn ti, k/nh v/tr to ln of VH trog s XH. 2. Bin P a. Phg chm CNXH c m/tiu, nguyn l chung ging nhau, nhng mi bc i, phg thc v bin P xd CNXH VN s c n~ nt c th ring. x bc i v tm cch lm p/hp vs VN, HCM ra 2 n/tc nh sau: Mt l, xd CNXH l 1 hin tg ph bin mang tnh qt, cn qun trit n~ nguyn l c bn of CN M-L v xd ch mi,
ng thi c th h/tp cc nc anh em. H/tp n~ k/nghim of cc nc tin tin, nhng k c sao chp, my mc, gio iu. HCM cho rng, VN c th lm khc LX, TQ v cc nc # v VN c k c th #. Hai l, x bc i v bin P xd CNXH ch yu x/pht t k thc t, d/tc, nhu cu v k/nng thc t of nd. Trog khi nhn mnh 2 n/tc trn y, HCM lu va chng vic xa ri cc ng/l c bn of CN M-L, qu tuyt i ha ci ring, n~ of d/tc, va chng my mc, gio iu khi p dng cc ng/l of CN M-L m k tnh n n~ k l/s - c th of /nc v th/i. b. Bin P. T 2 n/tc ny, HCM x phg chm t/hin bc i trog t/k qu ln CNXH l: dn2, thn trg tng bc, t thp ti cao, k ch quan nn nng v fi tn trng cc k k/quan quy nh. HCM: bc i of t/k qu VN l fi qua nhiu bc, bc ngn, bc di ty theo h/c nhng ch ham lm mau, ham rm r, i bc no vng chc bc y, c tin dn dn. HCM /bit lu n v/tr of cng nghip ho XHCN, coi l con g fi i of c/ta, l n/v trng tm of c t/k qu ln CNXH; nhng cng nghip ha k c ngha l xd n~ nh my, x nghip cho tht to, quy m cho tht ln, bt chp n~ k c th cho php trog tng g nht nh. Theo Ng cng nghip ha XHCN ch c th t/hin t/li trn c/s xd v ptr nn nng nghip t/din, vng chc, 1 h/thng tiu th cng nghip, cng nghip nh a dng nhm g/quyt v/ lng thc, thc phm cho nd, cc nhu cu tiu dng thit yu cho XH. Ng ch o 1 s bin P c th: - T/hin ci to XH c, xd XH mi, k/hp ci to vs xd, ly xd lm chnh. - K/hp xd v b/v, ng thi tin hnh 2 n/v c/lc 2 MNam-Bc # nhau trog phm vi 1 q/gia. - Xd CNXH fi c k hoch, bin P, quyt tm t/hin t/li k hoch - " ch tiu mt, bin P mi, quyt tm hai mi". - Trog k nc ta, bin P c bn, q/nh lu di trog xd CNXH l em of dn, ti dn, sc dn, lm li cho dn di s l/o of CS. - Fi bin s/nghip xd CNXH thnh s/nghip of ton dn do l/o. V/tr l/o of cm quyn l tp hp LL, ra g li, c/sch h/ng v k/thc trit cc ngun lc of dn, v l/ch of q/chng l. III. V/dng vo c/cuc i mi
1. Trog i mi fi kin tr m/tiu /lp d/tc v CNXH trn nn tng CN Mac-Lnin v TTHCM. = kinh nghip xng mu c/ta thy rng ch TD PK, quc km hm nc ta trog vng ngho i, lc hu, ti tm. Thm nhun li dy of Bc: Nc c /lp m dn vn c i, vn c rt th /lp t do cg chng c ngha l g. Mun cho dn giu, nc mnh k c con g no khc l fi tin ln CNXH, ch c CNXH mi t/hin c ham mun tt bc of Ng v k/vng ngn i of d/tc ta. /lp d/tc l k xd t/cng CNXH, v CNXH l c/s b/m cho /lp d/tc vng bn. Ngy nay, i mi l nhm m/tiu dn giu, nc mnh, XH cng =, d/ch, v/minh. hon thnh m/tiu trn, i mi k bao gi l thay i m/tiu XHCN. T do t sn ch l ci bnh v m LX v ng u fi tr gi, quyt k fi l s la chn of c/ta. Tuy nhin xd CNXH b qua ch TBCN 1 nc ngho nn lc hu l 1 n/v cc k k/khn phc tp, c/ta fi khn ngoan, s/to, fi bit v/dng cc cng c KT t/trng p/v cho CNXH, sao cho t m/ch, nhg k chch m/tiu nh. 2. i mi l s/nghip of dn , do dn, v dn, do fi p/huy quyn lm ch of dn, khi dy m/m ni lc CNH v HH /nc. K/thc trit mi ngun lc bn trog, nht l ngun lc con ng, fi thu ht tt cc ngun lc bn ngoi, fi ly ngun lc bn trog lm gc, fi sd c h/qu ngun lc bn ngoi. Fi qun trit q/im: T lc t cng, cn kim xd CNXH; CNXH l cng trnh tp th of ng dn, fi em ti dn sc dn lm li cho dn. To k kh d/ch trog XH, t/hin phg chm dn bit, dn bn, dn lm, dn kim tra, fi n/cao bn lnh cng dn, tng cng khi K ton dn i ln. 3. K/hp s/mnh d/tc vs s/mnh th/i C/cuc i mi of ta din ra trog lc cuc CM KHCN trn TG ptr m/m. Xu th ton cu ha, qt ha, t m/m v th cn tranh th ti a cc ngun lc bn ngoi ptr /nc. Giao lu hi nhp nhng fi gi gn b/sc d/tc, ha nhp nhng k ha tan, ha nhp vs TG k/thc tt c n~ g tinh ty nht, tt p nht. N/cao bn lnh tip thu VH nh/loi, chng VH c hi. 4. Xd , xd N/nc trog sch vng mnh, chng quan liu, tham nhng, lng ph, cn kim xd /nc Xd i ng c/b vin trog h/thng c/tr, trog cc doanh nghip trog sch, lim khit, tht s l y t of dn, x l n~ c/b thoi ha, tham nhng.
Cg c qh mu tht gia vs dn, xd N/nc tht s of dn do dn v dn, qun trit t/thn tit kim of Bc H: SX k tit kim th nh gi vo nh trng. . .
+ P/tro c/nhn k/hp c vs p/tro yu nc bi v 2 p/tro u c m/tiu chung: gp d/tc, lm cho VN c h/ton /lp, xd /nc hng cng. Hn na, p/tro yu nc c trc p/tro c/nhn, p/tro c/nhn xt v ngha no n li l p/tro y nc. + P/tro nng dn k/hp vs p/tro c/nhn. Ni n p/tro yu nc VN fi k n p/tro nng dn. G/c nng dn l 1 LL chim a s trog dn s VN. Mt #, trog t/k tranh chng gic ngoi xm, nd VN (/bit l g/c nng dn) c m/thun vs g/c pk nen pt nd c /lc m/m n ra.Nu pt CN k/hp vs pt nng dn th s /bo s t/cng of CMVN. Do gia ptro CN v ptro yu nc c mqh mt thit vs nhau. + Ptro y nc of tr thc VN (pt PBChu, PCTrinh, ng Kinh Ngha Thc...) l nt q/trng thc y s k/hp cc y/t cho s ra i of CS VN. Chnh n~ ng ny tr thnh n~ yu nhn of CS VN.Tuy ch l 1 LL nh b nhng li l 1 LL nhy bn, nng ng v c k/nng d bo c thi cuc. Do c th gip h/nh ra g li CM 1 cch /n & bn thn HCM cg l 1 ng tri thc c tip thu t cha mh c Ng~ Sinh Sc cg l 1 ng tri thc. 2. V/tr of trog tin trnh CM. + CS VN l nh/t q/trg hg u-n/t q/nh t/li of s/nghip CM. Theo Ng: CM l s/nghip chung of ton th nd. Song, s/mnh ch c c khi dn chng c thc tnh, gic ng v t/c, l/o. chnh l ng c n/v thc tnh, l/o nd ng ln lm CM. Mun t/li, th CM fi c 1 l/o. fi lm cho q/chng gic ng v u m h b p bc b/lt; fi dy cho q/chg hiu cc q/lut ptr of XH, h nhn r v m/ch g m /trah; ch r con g gp cho q/chg, c ng cho q/chg kin quyt CM; lm cho q/chg tin chc CM nht h t/li. + Mt #, Ng cho rng: CM l cuc /tranh rt gian kh. LL k ch rt mh. Mun t/li th q/chg fi t/c cht ch, ch kh fi kin quyt. V vy, fi c t/c v g/dc nd thh 1 i qun tht mh, nh k ch, tranh ly c/quyn. Nh c t/c, tp hp q/chng nd thnh 1 LL c s/mh tng hp mi c th h LL k ch mh hn gp ta n` ln. + CS l i tin fong of g/c CN. i din cho ton th dtc VN tranh ginh /lp t do, cho nn chim c uy tn trog nd v k r hn v/tr of mh. Q/im trn of HCM, trc ht k b/cht of mag b/cht g/c c/nhn, l CN M-L -1 h/thuyt CM v KH nht, l nh cao tr tu of nh/loi. Theo TT HCM, v/ g/c v v/ d/tc lun g/b cht ch, k tch ri nhau. Mi h CM of u ng thi g/quyt c v/ g/c v v/ d/tc. V vy, k n~ l of g/c
CHNG 4: TT HCM v CS VN I.Q/nim of HCM v v/tr, b/cht of CS VN. 1.V s ra i of CS VN: cp cc y/t cho s ra i of CS, x/pht t h/c c th of nc Nga v of p/tro c/nhn chu u, Lnin nu hai y/t, l s k/hp CN Mc v p/tro c/nhn. Khi cp n s ra i of CS VN, bn cnh 2 y/t l CN M-L v p/tro c/nhn, HCM cn k n y/t th 3, l p/tro yu nc. y l 1 q/im q/trng of HCM v s h/thnh CS VN, l s ptr s/to CN M-L trn c/s thc tin CM VN. HCM thy r v/tr to ln of CN M-L i vs q/trnh h/thnh of CS VN. ng thi Ng cg nh gi rt cao v/tr of g/c c/nhn VN v g/c ny c n~ sau: kin quyt,trit , tp th c t/c, c k lut, l g/c tin tin nht trog SX gnh tr/nhim nh CNTB v quc gy dng 1 XH mi, c th thm nhun 1 TT of CN Mc Lenin ng thi t/thn u trnah of hc /h v g/dc cc tng lp #. Nhng Ng nu thm y/t p/tro yu nc, coi n l mt trog ba y/t k/hp dn n vic h/thnh CS VN l v: + P/tro yu nc c v/tr, v/tr cc k to ln trog q/trnh ptr of d/tc VN. L gtr VH trng tn trog VH VN. P/tro yu nc lin tc v bn b trog hng nghn nm dng nc v gi nc kt thnh CN yu nc dng ln m/m ni tip nhau l nh/t ch o q nh s/nghip chng ngoi xm of d/tc ta.
c/nhn m cn of nd l v of ton d/tc c ngha ln i vs CM VN. i din cho l/ch of ton d/tc. iu lm cho ta ngy cg ln mnh, ta c nd coi l of mh. CS a ra 1 h/thng g li f hp vs thc tin CMVN & /bit l f hp vs nguyn vng of nd, gip nd thot khi s k/hong v g li cu nc. HCM ni rng, ch c th l CSVN mi x/ng vs v/tr l/o CM. S ra i, tn ti v ptr of CS VN p/hp vs quy lut ptr of XH . 3. B/cht of CS VN + HCM k: CS VN l of g/c c/nhn, i tin phong of g/c c/nhn, mang b/cht g/c c/nhn. HCM k b/cht g/c c/nhn of ta da trn c/s thy r s mh l/s of g/c c/nhn VN, tuy c s lg t so vs d/s nhg c / p/cht v n/lc, g trug tm of th/i, c tr/nhim l/o /nc t/hin n~ m/tiu of CNXH. N~ n/dung quy nh b/cht g/c c/nhn of ta b/gm: vin xut thn t ng dn, nn tng l lun v TT of cn t ti l CN CS m g u l l CNXH; tun th 1 cch n/tc, cht ch n~ n/tc t/c v s/hot theo n~ ng/l v xd kiu mi of g/c VS of Lnin. + ko n~ l of g/c c/nhn m cn l of nd l v of ton d/tc c ngha ln vs CM VN. i din cho l/ch of ton d/tc. Trog t/phn of mh, ngoi CN, cn c n~ ng u t trog g/c nng dn, tr thc v cc t/phn #. lun g/b mt thit vs g/c CN, nd l v ton th d/tc trog tt c cc t/k of CM. lun ch trng tnh thng nht gia y/t g/c v y/t d/tc. S/mnh of ko ch bt ngun t g/c CN m cn bt ngun t cc tng lp nd l #. 4. Q/nim v CS VN cm quyn a. l/o nd ginh c/quyn, tr thnh cm quyn HCM- ng CS /tin of VN- sm x /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH l con g tt yu of CMVN.T l tng cao c y, Ng thy cn fi c 1 CS l/o p/tro CM, t/hin m/tiu ni trn.Ti nm 1930, CS VN ra i nh du 1 trang mi trog l/s d/tc ta. + CM c v/tr v/tr q/trng, l nh/t /tin q/nh s t/li of CM. Dn fi c t/c, c l/o th mi tr thh LL to ln, mi l ch, l gc CM c do t/hin c iu ny trc ht fi c cch mh, trog th v/ng v t/c dn chg, ngoi th lin lc vs d/tc b p bc v v sn g/cp mi ni. Ng cho rng: CM VN mun t/cng fi i theo CN M-L. + CS VN l CM chn chnh, mang b/cht of g/cp CN. du dt g/cp VS, l/o g/c VS, l/o CM VN l em li /lp cho d/tc, t do, hp cho nd, phn vinh cho n v a c
nc i ln CNXH. Vs g li c/tr /n, t/c cht ch, l/o ton th d/tc ginh c/quyn, t/lp nc VN DCCH. cg l thi im CS VN tr thnh cm quyn. b. Q/nim of HCM v cm quyn L ng sng lp, t/c v r/luyn ta HCM q/tm /bit n c/tc xd . Trog n~ di sn TT m Ch tch HCM li, n~ lun im of Ng v xd l b/phn cc k q/trng. N~ TT v of HCM ht sc p/ph, t/din, s/sc, s/to trog Ng /bit q/tm n v/ cm quyn. T n~ k/nghim thc tin cng vs s tip thu v/dng v ptr CN M-L, /bit l nm n/tc xd kiu mi of Lnin, HCM tun theo n~ n/tc y v t/c t/lp CS VN. Theo HCM, CM mun t/cng fi c of CM chn chnh,1 lng 1 d p/v nd. S l/o /n of CS l nh/t q/nh mi t/li of CM VN. VN, l sp of s k/hp of CN y nc vs p/tro y nc, l i tin phog of g/c c/nhn, p/v cho c i b/phn g/c c/nhn. Tuy g/c c/nhn cn nh b nhg c k/ng l/o CM. CN M-L l nn tg TT of , b/cht g/c c/nhn of th hin CN M-L, s k/nh m/tiu /lp d/tc v CNXH. T CMT8 1945 cho n cui i trn Cg v ng u N/nc, ng u 1 cm quyn, Ng cng tp th l/o g/quyt k bit bao nhiu v/ ln q/gia trn tt c cc l/vc KT, c/tr, VH, qun s, ngoi giao, n~ v/ of cuc k/c kin quc, of CM d/tc d/ch nd, of CM XHCN MBc v s/nghip gp MNam thng nht nc nh. Trog v/ cm quyn bao gi cg l trung tm then cht nht c Ng q/tm ch . HCM q/nim cm quyn l tip tc l/o s/nghip CM trog k l/o q/chng nd ginh c quyn lc N/nc v trc tip l/o b my N/nc tip tc hon thnh s/nghip /lp d/tc v CNXH. Trog TT of HCM, tiu chun of 1 cm quyn trc ht l fi c l lun tin tin, CM v KH. Ng cho rng: mun vg th fi c CN ng ct, trog ai cg fi hiu, ai cg fi theo CN y. Ng k m k c CN cg nh ng k c tr khn, tu k c bn ch nam, By gi h/thuyt n`, CN n`, nhng CN chn chh nht, c/chn nht, cch mh nht l CN Lnin. Nm l lun CN M-L tc l 5 lp trg g/c c/nhn- lp trg CM trit , l q/im CM v KH; l pp d/vt b/chg t thc hnh ng v s/to l lun CN Lnin trog h thc tin. Tiu chun th 2 y/c fi c g li /n, st hp. l g li p/ c m/tiu of d/tc, p/ c xu th ptr of d/tc v th/i. N g/quyt c hi ha mqh l/ch of cc tng lp, cc g/c trog
XH, g/quyt c n~ v/ bc xc of s XH. M/ch, l tng of cm quyn: Gp g/c, trit gp con ng, xd c/sng m no cho nd v tin ln CNXH.Ng vin CS fi ton tm ton p/v nd. ta k c l/ch no khc ngoi l/ch of T quc of nd. l m/ch, l tng cao c ko bao gi thay i trog sut q/trnh l/o CM VN. cm quyn va l ng l/o, va l ng y t trung thnh of nd ( Cu 7) cm quyn, dn l ch Chc nng q/trng nht, ct li nht of mt cm quyn l fi l/o c c/quyn N/nc b/m cho N/nc thc s l of dn, do dn v v dn, thit lp v cng c quyn lm ch of nd. Dn lm ch, l/o, fi ly dn lm gc. Bn cnh fi l/o c cc t/c c/tr XH, ng thi cm quyn fi gi c mqh cht ch vs nd, fi tht s g/b mu tht vs nd v c/s XH of l lin minh c/nhn-nng dn v tng lp tr thc. t/c v h theo n/tc t/trung d/ch, d/ch r/ri i i vs k lut cht ch, t/hin nghim tc tp th l/o c nhn ph trch, fi l 1 mi /kt thng nht t TW n c/s, t c/trg n hnh ng, ph bnh v t ph bnh l quy lut ptr of . Mt #, dn mun lm ch thc s th fi theo .Mi ng dn fi bit l/ch v bn phn of mh t/gia vo xd c/quyn II. TT HCM v xd VN trog sch, vng mnh TT HCM l k/qu of s v/dng s/to CN M-L trog k c th of nc ta v tr thnh 1 ti sn tinh thn qu bu of v of d/tc. Trog ton b TT of Ng th TT HCM v CS l mt b/phn q/trng, l s k tha, b/sung v ptr, s/to TT of Mc nghen v nht l n~ n/tc v kin mi of Lnin trog k VN. c vng, CM mi t/cng, cg nh ng cm li c vng, thuyn mi chy. CSVN ra i l kqu of s k/hp CN M-L vs p/tro c/nhn v p/tro yu nc. m nhn s mnh l/o CM VN, /ng c y/c KQ of XH VN lc by gi ag k/hong g li cu nc. TT HCM v xd cm quyn trog sch v/mnh chim 1 v/tr /bit q/trg trog t/b di sn TT of Ng.. 1. Xd Quy lut tn ti v ptr of Vs Ng, xd l mt n/v tt yu, thg xuyn hon thnh v/tr chin s tin phong trc g/c, d/tc v nd. Xd c HCM t ra nh 1 n/v va cp bch, va lu di. Tnh tt yu k/quan of c/tc xd, chnh n theo Ng da vo cc cn c sau: + Xd, chnh n b ch nh bi q/trnh ptr lien tc of s/nghip Cm do l/o.S/nghip CM do l/o l 1 qu tnh b/gm nhiu t/k, nhiu g, mi g li c nhng m/tiu, n/v c
th v n~ y/c ring.Trc din bin of kk k/quan, bn than fi t chnh n, t i mi. + sng trog XH, l 1 b/phn hp thnh c cu of XH, mi c/b, vin u chu /h of mt XH, cc qh Xh, c ci tt v ci xu, ci tch cc tin b v ci tiu cc, lc hu.Do , mi vin fi thng xuyn r/luyn; nagr fi thng xuyn ch n vic chnh n , + Xd, chnh n l c hi mi c/b, vin t r/luyn, g/dc v tu dg hon thnh n/v m v nd giao ph, lm cho mi c/b, vin hiu r v thc hnh tt q/im, g li c/sch of . Mt # gip h nhn li mh, p/huy mt tt, loi b mt xu vn c trog mi con ng.Trn bnh din ptr c nhn, xd, chnh n theo TTHCM tr thnh nhu cu t h/thin, nhu cu t lm trog sch nhn cch of mi c/b vin. + Trog k tr thnh cm quyn, vic xd chnh n li c HCM coi l cv cng fi tin hnh thng xuyn hn of . fi /bit q/tm n vic chnh n v i mi hn ch ngn chn, y li v ty tr mi t nn do thoi ha, bin cht gy ra trog k l/o c/quyn N/nc. Nhn 1 cch tng qut theo HCM, Xd chnh n mang tnh quy lut v l nhu cu tn ti v ptr of .Chnh n v i mi lm cho thc s trog sch, v/vng v c/tr, TT v t/c, lm cho i ng c/b vin k ngng n/cao p/cht v n/lc trc n~ i hi ngy cng cao of nhu cu CM. 2. N/dung c/tc xd CS VN a. Xd v TT, l lun - Mun t/hin c v/tr chc nng of mt cm quyn, hon thnh c s mnh m g/c v d/tc y thc, ta fi c trang b l lun tn tin, CM v KH. HCM k: mun vng th fi c CN lm ct, trog ai cg fi hiu, ai cg fi theo CN y. m k c CN cg nh ng k c tr khn, tu k c bn ch nam; CN y l CN M-L. S la chn l hon ton /n. CN M-L l mt hc thuyt CM v KH ch ra TG quan v pp lun /n g/c c/nhn v nd cc d/tc thuc a ng ln lm CM ci to TG gp cho g/c, cho d/tc khi mi s p bc b/lt. S /n of g li CM do ta vch ra ngay t bui u mi t/lp bt ngun t vic HCM qun trit s/sc CN M-L. Mt s lu trog vic tip nhn v v/dng CN M-L: + Vic h/tp ngin cu, tuyn truyn CN M-L fi lun2 p/hp vs tng i tg + Vic v/dng CN M-L fi lun p/hp vs tng h/c + Trog q/trnh h, ta fi ch h/tp k tha n~ k/nghim tt of cc CS #, ng thi ta fi tng kt k/nghim of mh
b/sung vo CN M-L. + ta fi tg cg /tranh b/v s trog sg ca CN M-L. b. Xd v c/tr Theo HCM, g li c/tr l mt v/ ct t trog tn ti v ptr of . Xd g li c/tr tr thnh mt trog n~ v/ cc k q/trng trog xd ta. CS VN cm quyn c v/tr nh hg ptr cho ton XH. t/hin v/tr l/o c/tr of mh ch yu = vic ra Cg lnh, g li c/lc, phg hg ptr kt- xh cg nh s/lc v quy nh n~ m/tiu ptr of XH theo hg lu di cg nh of tng g. mun xd g li ctri /n th cn fi coi trng n~ v/: g li c/tr fi da trn c/s l lun of CN M-L v/dng vo h/c c th of nc ta; fi tht s l i tin phong dng cm , l b tham mu s/sut of g/c CN, of nd l v of c d/tc.HCM lu cn fi g/dc g li, c/sch of , thng tin thi s cho c/b vin h lun kin nh lp trng, gi vng bn lnh c/tr.ng thi Ng cg cnh bo nguy c sai lm v g li c/tr gy hu qu nghim trng i vs vn mnh n, sinh mnh c.tr of hng vn vin cg nh of hng triu nd l. c. Xd v t/c, b my, c/tc c/b - H thng t/c of : HCM k/ sc mn of nt ngun t t/c, mt t/c tin phong chin u of g/c CN.H/thng t/c of t TW n c/s fi tht cht ch, c tnh k lut cao.S/mnh cc t/c lien quan cht ch vs nhau; mi cp t/c c chc nng, n/v ring.Trog h/thng t/c HCM rt coi trng v/tr of cho b.Chi b l t/c ht nhn, q/nh cht lng l/o of , l mt tu dng, r/luyn v cg l ni gim st vin; chi b c v/tr q/trng trog vic gn kt gia vs q/chng nd. Cc n/tc t/c s/hot : (Cu 8) d. Xd v /c Mt chn chnh CM fi c /c. /c to nn uy tn, s/mnh of , gip t cch l/o, hg dn q/chng nd. V thc cht, /c of ta l /c mi, /c CM. mang b/cht of g/c Cn, cg l /c M-L, CSCN n n/dung ct li l CN nhn o chin u.HCM ch r: ta l 1 cm quyn.Mi vin v c/b fi tht s thm nhun /c Cm.C /c CM trog sng, ta mi l/o nd /tranh gp d/tc , lm cho T quc giu mnh. G/dc /c Cm l 1 ND q/trng trog vic tu dng, r/luyn of c/b, vin.N gn cht vs cuc /tranh chng CN c nhn di mi h/thc nhm lm cho lun trog sch. /bit q/tm n v/ /c, gn n vs t cch of 1 chn chnh CM,HCM g/phn b/sung, m rng, ptr q/im of CN
M-L v n/dung c/tc xd , p/hp vs tr/thng VH, l/s of cc nc phg ng trog c VN. KT LUN: N/dung TT HCM v CSVN ni chung v v xd cm quyn trog sch vng mnh la rt p/ph,l bc ptr hc thuyt M-L v CS vo VN. Trog s/nghip CNH HH /nc ta hnay, n~ q/im of Ng c ta v/dng v xem l v/ then cht trog s/nghip i mi /nc. H VII of x : fi vng mnh v c/tr, TT v t/c, fi thng xuyn t i mi, t chnh n. ta fi t/hin tt n~ n/tc t/c xd , fi xd cc t/c c/s trog sch vng mnh, i ng c/b vin fi /bo n/cao cht lng, s lg trog sch v /c, l/sng. Ging cao ngn c TT HCM trog c/cuc i mi hnay, c/ta fi kin tr m/tiu CNXH, CN CS, n/cao v/tr l/o of , b/v v ptr hc thuyt v TT HCM, /tranh chng DBHB, chng a nguyn a i lp, ph nhn quyn l/o tuyt i of CSVN V nhn thc, TT c/tr fi kin nh m/tiu XHCN, trung thnh vs CN M-L v TT HCM, k v/tr l/o of , k ngng cng c nim tin, l tng cho c/b vin v nd. fi ra g li /n, s/sut, st hp vs t/hnh /nc v xu th of TG. V t/c: cng c sp xp li b my t/c trn c/s tun th cc n/tc t/c v xd , ng thi lm tt c/tc c/b of , tng cng c/tc ptr vin, i i vs n/cao cht lg vin. V /c l/sng: trc tnh trng suy thoi, bin cht v /c, l/sng mt b/phn k nh of c/b vin, ta cn fi tng cng c/tc g/dc c/tr TT, r/luyn /c l/sng, tc phong cho c/b vin, t/hin c n np vic ph bnh v t ph bnh, y mnh cuc /tranh chng CN c nhn, TT c hi, thc dng, t tham nhng, quan liu lm trog sch i ng c/b vin. Tm li, c th ni n~ q/im, TT of Ch tch HCM v cm quyn v c n~ vic lm, tm gng /c hng ngy of Ng tht s l n~ /gp q/trng vo vic ptr hc thuyt M-L v CS, v xd ni chung v /bit l cm quyn. i vs nc ta, n~ q/im TT c v/tr cc k q/trng trog q/trnh r/luyn, xd ta trng thnh nh ngy nay v vn gi nguyn gtr trog k l/o c/cuc i mi /nc theo m/tiu dn giu, nc mnh, XH c bn, d/ch, v/minh
CHNG 5: TT HCM v i /kt d/tc v /kt qt. TT K of HCM l 1 h/thng n~ lun im, n~ n/tc, n~ pp g/dc v tp hp t/c LL CM, nhm p/huy vs mc cao nht s/mnh of d/tc v s/mnh of th/i vo s/nghip /tranh v /lp d/tc v CNXH. K d/tc l 1 c/lc CM c HCM ra t rt sm, tr thnh TT ch o x/sut tin trnh CM VN, l ci ngun s/mnh lm nn mi t/li of CM VN, 1 /gp q/trng vo l lun CM TG. I. TT HCM V I /KT D/TC /kt trog nc (ton dn) l nh/t q/nh t/li of CM, /kt ton dn l /kt tt c n~ ng VN yu nc, k p/bit tn gio, sc tc, phi, la tui th hin trog g li tp hp LL, x LL CM rt r/ri, b/gm k ch nd, c/nhn, nng dn m cn c tiu t sn, tr thc, trung nng, ph nng, trung a ch, tiu a ch, TS d/tc c biu hin thng qua li ku gi ton dn (/bit l li ku gi ton quc k/c). 1. C/s h/thnh TT HCM v K d/tc. TT K HCM c h/thnh trn c/s tr/thng /kt, nhn i, t/cm trog l/sng t nhin v trit l nhn sinh of ng VN. /kt
da vo dn l t duy c/tr v l k sch gi nc of ng cha ta (biu hin trog th cc vn hc), v HCM k tha c chn lc n~ TT VH of phg ng c gtr hp l nh: TT nhn i, TT i ng, t/thn t bi bc i v n~ tro lu d/ch TS phg ty v TT t do bnh ng, bc i. Mt # HCM tip thu v v/dng s/to n~ ng/ l c bn of CN M-L v /kt v tp hp LL. Ng thm nhun q/im CM of Mc: CM l s/nghip of q/chng, nd l ng s/to ra l/s, nn CM mun mnh fi /kt cc d/tc, cc g/c v cc tng lp # thnh LL hng mnh chng TD quc v p bc bt cng. N~ q/im ny c c kt thnh cc k/hiu trog p/tro CS nh GCVS v cc d/tc b p bc trn TG /kt li. X/pht t thc tin XH VN vo cui TK XIX, u TK XX lc ny XH b p/ha s/sc, cc g/c # th c thi # nhau i vs vn mnh of d/tc, TD P dng c/sch chia r t lm cho m/thun XH g/gt thm. P/tro q/chng chng P of VN lc ny rt si ni nhg u tht bi (h TT PK, TS d/ch PCTrih, PBChu..) HCM k/st t/hnh TG v i n k/lun rt q/trng gn lin vs TT K: trn TG c hai loi ng l ng b/lt v ng b b/lt, h c cg cnh ng, cng tm t nguyn vng. V vy, h /kt li vs nhau chng k th chung. HCM cho rng cc p/tro gp d/tc cha t/cng l do cc nc thuc a cha /kt trn phm vi ton TG, HCM n/cu cc cuc CM in hnh trn TG nh Cng x Paris (1871), v t/c k kho lo, k lin lc vs dn cy nn h b tht bi; cn cuc CMT10 Nga dy c/ta mun CM t/cng fi dn chg l gc. Mt # TT K HCM c h/thnh t n~ nh/t ch quan of Ng nh mi trng g/dc of gnh, t cht thng minh, bn lnh c/tr vng vng v tnh nng ng s/to of HCM, Ng sm tip thu vs cc nh tin bi yu nc (PCTrinh, PBChu), c t/thn phn u vn ln k ngng trog h/tp. Trog nm bt tri thc of Ng, HCM c b/cht nhn vn, /c trog sng, lng rng lng bao dung, lo cho dn, lo cho nc, yu thg con ng v c sc thu ht rt ln vs mi ng, thu ht c s/mnh K. 2. V/tr of K d/tc trog s/nghip CM a. K d/tc l v/ c ngh c/lc, q/nh t/cng of CM HCM ch ra rng, trog th/i mi, nh bi cc th lc quc TD nhm gp d/tc, gp g/c v gp con ng, nu ch c t/thn yu nc th cha ; CM mun t/cng th fi tp hp c tt c mi LL, xd khi K d/tc bn vng. Chnh v vy trog TTHCM, K d/tc l v/ c ngha c/lc, c bn, nht qun v lu di, x/sut tin trnh CM. HCM k/qut thnh nhiu lun im c tnh chn l v v/tr of khi K:
+ /kt lm ra s/mnh. /kt l s/mnh of c/ta. /kt cht ch th c/ta nht nh c th khc phc mi k/khn, ptr mi thun li v lm trn n/v m nd giao ph ; /kt l mt LL v ch of c/ta khc phc k/khn, ginh ly t/li + "/kt l im m: im ny m t/hin tt th ra con chu u tt". + /kt l then cht of t/cng. "/kt, /kt, K; T/cng, t/cng, i t/cng"... b. K d/tc l m/tiu, n/v hng u of , of d/tc K d/tc cn l n/v hng u of ton d/tc. Bi v CM l s/nghip of q/chng nd. T trog /tranh m ny sinh nhu cu k/quan v /kt, h/tc. c n/v thc tnh, tp hp, hg dn q/chng; chuyn n~ nhu cu, i hi k/quan, t pht thnh nhu cu t gic, thnh hin thc c t/c trog khi K, to thnh s/mnh tng hp to ln hon thnh cc m/tiu CM. M/ch of l VN c th gm trog 8 ch l: /kt ton dn, phng s T quc. K d/tc l n/v hng u of ng thi cg l n/v hng u of mi g CM.CM mun t/cng nu ch c g li ng cha m trn c/s of g li ng, fi c th ha thnh n~ m/tiu, n/v v pp CM p/hp vs tng g l/s li ko, tp hp q/chng, to thc lc cho CM.Thc lc chnh l khi K d/tc. 3. N/dung of K d/tc a. K d/tc l K ton dn K d/tc thc cht l K ton dn.Ni K d/tc cg c ngha l fi tp hp c tt c mi ng dn vo 1 khi trog cuc /tranh chung. K b/gm nhiu tng nc, nhiu cp cc qh lin kt qua li gia cc t/vin, cc b/phn, cc LL XH of d/tc t nh ti ln, t thp n cao, t trog ra ngoi, t trn xung di HCM ni: Ta /kt /tranh cho thng nht v /lp of T quc; ta cn fi /kt xd nc nh. Ai c ti, c c, c sc, c lng phng s T quc v p/v nd th ta /kt vs h". Ng cn ch r, trog q/trnh xd khi K ton dn fi ng vg trn lp trg g/c c/nhn, g/quyt hi ho mqh g/c-d/tc tp hp LL. Vs t/thn k r/ri nh vy, HCM nh hg cho vic xd khi K ton dn trog sut tin trnh CM VN, t CM gp d/tc ti CM d/ch nd v t CM d/ch nd ti CM XHCN. b. T/hin K ton dn fi k tha tr/thng yu nc - nhn ngha - /kt of d/tc; ng thi fi c tm lng khoan
dung, lng, tin vo nd, tin vo con ng. + xd khi K ton dn, fi k tha tr/thng yu nc - nhn ngha - /kt of d/tc. Tr/thng ny c h/thnh, cng c v ptr trog sut q/trnh dng nc v gi nc hng ngn nm of c d/tc, tr thnh gtr bn vng, thm su vo TT t/cm, tm hn of mi con ng VN, c lu truyn qua cc th h.Tr/thng l ci ngun s/mnh v ch c d/tc chin u v chin thng mi thin tai ch ha, lm cho n c trng tn, b/sc d/tc c gi vng. + Fi c lng khoan dung, lng vs con ng. Mi c nhn cg nh mi c/ng ddeuf c n~ u im, khuyt im, mt tt, mt xu..cho nn v l/ch of CM cn fi c long khoan dung lng th mi c th tp hp, quy t r/ri mi LL. l s tip ni v ptr long nhn i, bao dung of d/tc, t chnh m/tiu of cuc CM m Bc sut i theo ui, l 1 TT nht qun, c th hin trog g li, c/sch of i vs n~ ng lm vic di ch c v n~ ng nht thi lm lc bit hi ci. t/hin c /kt, cn xa b ht mi thnh kin, cn fi tht th hp tc v gip ln nhau cng tin b /gp vo s/nghip k/c kin quc of d/tc. + thc hnh /kt r/ri, cn c nim tin vo dn.Vs HCM, yu dn, tin dn, da vo dn, sng, /tranh v hp cu nd l n/tc ti cao, tip ni tr/thng of d/tc.Theo Ng, dn l ch da vng chc of , l ngun s/mnh v tn v v ch of khi K,q/nh t/li of CM, l nn, gc v ch th of M/trn. 4. H/thc t/c of khi K d/tc a. H/thc t/c of khi K d/tc l M/trn d/tc t/nht Khi K of c/ta l 1 tp hp cc LL XH c nh hg c/tr r rt v c t/c cht ch, t/c cao nht l m/trn d/tc thng nht c s l/o of CS VN. Ton d/tc ch tr thnh LL to ln, c s/mnh v ch trog /tranh b/v v xd T quc khi c tp hp , t/c li thnh 1 khi vng chc, c gic ng v m/tiu chin u chung v h theo 1 g li c/tr /n. M/trn d/tc thng nht l ni quy t mi t/c v c nhn yu nc, ni tp hp mi con dn nc Vit,ko ch trog nc m cn b/gm c n~ ng VN nh c nc ngoi, d bt c phg tri no nu tm long vn hg v qu hng n u c coi l t/vin of M/trn. Ty theo tng t/k, cn c vo y/c v n/v CM, Cg lnh v iu l of MTDTTN c th c n~ nt # nhau, tn gi cg c th # nhau: Hi phn ng minh, M/trn d/ch, M/trn Vit Minh, M/trn d/tc gp MNam VN, M/trn T quc VN. Song
thc cht ch l 1, l t/c c/tr- xh rng ln of nd VN, ni tp hp ng o cc g/c, tng lp, tn gio, phi, cc c nhn y nc phn u v m/tiu chung l /lp d/tc, thng nht T quc, t do v hp of nd. b. Mt s n/tc c bn v xd v h of MTDTTN (Cu 9) *** Mqh gia vs m/trn: va l t/vin va l ng l/o m/trn. - L t/vin t/gia m/trn bnh ng v c ngha v nh mi t/vin #. - l/o m/trn fi trog m/trn t/hin v/tr l/o = cch ra g li c/trg, c/sch /n p ng y/c nguyn vng v l/ch chnh ng of tng lp nd. - l/o m/trn thng qua cc t/c t/vin of m/trn v thng qua i din cp y t/gia y ban m/trn cng cp. chm lo b/dg c/b v gii thiu vin c p/cht, c tn nhim c n/lc lm c/tc m/trn. - l/o s phi hp v thng nht hnh ng gia cc t/vin, tn trng tnh /lp v t/c v h s/to of m/trn, lng nghe kin /gp of m/trn. S l/o of i vs m/trn l v/ c tnh n/tc, /bo cho m/trn ko ngng c cng c v m rng. - M/trn c n/v tuyn truyn g/dc c/tr TT v /c mi, ng vin cc tng lp nd t/hin t/li s CNH HH /nc. - M/trn c tr/nhim t/c v/ng nd t/hin c/sch of v N/nc trog vic xd mqh mt thit gia N/nc v nd. II. TT HCM V /KT Q/T TT /kt qt c HCM rt coi trng, mc d y/t ni lc l chnh, nhg cg fi /kt vs p/tro CS v c/nhn qt, p/tro gp d/tc v /kt vs p/tro h/bnh, d/ch TG. Bi v trog th/i mi, k th mang tnh qt, CM mi nc l 1 b/phn hu c of CM TG, cho nn LL CM k th l 1 LL of 1 d/tc m l fi c LL to ln of qt ng tnh ng h. 1. V/tr of /kt qt vs CM VN a. T/hin /kt qt nhm k/hp s/mnh d/tc vs s/mnh th/i, to s/mnh tng hp cho CM. T/h /kt qt tp hp LL bn ngoi, tranh th s ng tnh ng h v gip of bn b qt, k/hp s/mnh d/tc vs s/mnh cc tro lu CM th/i, to thnh s/mnh tng hp cho CM chin thng k th l 1 trog n~ nd ch yu of TTHCM v cg l 1 trog n~ bi hc k/nghim q/trng nht, mang tnh thi s s/sc nht of CM VN. S/mnh of d/tc VN l s tng hp of cc y/t v/cht v
t/thn, song trc ht l s/mnh of CN yu nc v thc t lc, t cng d/tc; s/mnh of t/thn /kt; of ch /tranh anh dng, b/khut cho /lp, t do... S/mnh gip cho d/tc ta vt qua mi th thch, k/khn trog dng nc v gi nc. HCM sm x CM VN l 1 b/phn of CM TG , CM VN ch c th t/cng khi t/hin /kt cht ch vs p/tro CM TG. Theo Ng, t/hin K d/tc fi gn lin vs /kt qt; K d/tc fi l c/s cho vic t/hin K qt to s/mnh tng hp cho CM c/thng k th.Nu K d/tc l 1 trog n~ nh/t q nh t/li of CM VN th /kt qt cg l 1 nh/t t/xuyn v ht sc q/trng gip cho CM VN i n t/li h/ton trog s/nghip gp d/tc, thng nht n v qu ln CNXH. b. T/h /kt qt, nhm g/phn cng nd TG t/h t/li cc m/tiu CM HCM ch ra rng, CN yu nc chn chnh fi c gn lin vs CN qt VS, K d/tc fi gn lin vs /kt qt; t/hin /kt qt k fi ch v t/li of CM mi nc m cn v s/nghip chung of nh/loi tin b trog cuc /tranh chng CN quc v cc th lc phn ng qt v cc m/tiu CM of th/i. Theo HCM mun tng /kt qt trog cuc /tranh v m/tiu chung, cc CS fi kin tr chng li mi khuynh hg sai lm of CN c hi,v k d/tc.., n~ khuynh hg lm suy yu s/mnh /kt, thng nht of cc LL CM TG. T/h /kt qt, k/hp c/ch CN y nc vs CN qt VS l nhm g/phn cg nd TG t/h t/li cc m/tiu CM of d/tc& th/i. Bi c/ta k ch c/u v /lp t do of n m` m cn v /lp t do of cc nc #, k ch b/v n~ l/ch sng cn of d/tc m` m cn v n~ m/tiu cao c of th/i l h/bh, /lp d/tc, d/ch& CNXH. 2. N/dung v h/thc of khi K qt a. Cc LL cn tp hp, tranh th, t/hin /kt qt + i vs p/tro CS v c/nhn TG - LL nng ct of /kt qt, HCM cho rng, s /kt gia g/c VS qt l 1 b/m vng chc cho t/li of CNCS. C/trg /kt g/c v sn cc nc, /kt gia cc cs trog TTHCM x/pht t tnh tt yu trog v/tr of g/c VS trog th/i ngy nay, th/i qu t CNTB ln CNXH trn phm vi ton TG.Trog h/c CNTB l k th chung of nd l ton TG th ch c s/mnh of s /kt, nht tr, s ng tnh ng h ln nhau of l ton TG mi c th chng li n~ m mu thm c of CN /quc TD. + i vs p/tro /tranh gp d/tc: T rt sm HCM p/hin ra m mu chia r d/tc of cc nc quc to s bit lp, i khng, th ght d/tc nhm lm suy yu p/tro /tranh gp d/tc cc nc thuc a.V vy cn lm cho cc d/tc thuc
ia hiu bit nhau hn /kt li to thnh 1 khi lin minh vng chc, tng cng /kt gia CM thuc a v CM VS chnh quc. + i vs cc LL tin b, n~ ng yu chung h/bh, d/ch, t do v cng l, HCM cg tm mi cch t/h /kt. Trog xu th mi of th/i, s thc tnh d/tc gn lin vs thc tnh g/c, HCM gn cuc /trah v /lp VN vs m/tiu b/v h/bh, t do cg l v bh ng tp hp v trah th s ng h of cc ll tin b trn TG. Gn cuc /trah v /lp of d/tc vs m/tiu h/bnh, t do v cg l HCM khi gi lng tri of loi ng tin b to nn ting ni ng h m/m t cc t/c q/chng, cc nhn s tr thc. b. H/thc t/c of khi K qt Da trn c/s cc qh v a l- c/tr v t/c c/tr XH trog k/vc v trn TG, cg nh t/hnh v n/v CM trog mi t/k, HCM tg bc xd & cg c khi /kt qt, trah th s g th ng h of cc tro lu CM th/i, g/phn t/h t/li cc n/v of CMVN. TT K v t/li CM of HCM nh hg cho vic h/thnh bn tng m/trn: M/trn K d/tc; M/trn /kt Vit - Min Lo; M/trn nd - Phi /kt vs VN; M/trn nd TG /kt vs VN chng quc x/lc i vs cc d/tc trn bn o g Dg l lng ging g/gi of nhau, c nhiu im tng ng v l/s, VH v cng chung 1 k th l TD P, Ng q/nh t/lp ring bit M/trn /lp ng minh tin ti t/lp gn Dng /lp ng minh.Trog 2 cuc k/c chng P, M HCM ch o vic h/thnh M/trn /kt Vit - Min - Lo phi hp v gip ln nhau cng chin u, cng t/li. M rng ra cc nc # Ng chm lo cng c mqh /kt hu ngh, hp tc nhiu mt vs TQ, t/hin /kt vs cc d/tc chu v chu Phi ag /tranh ginh /lp ng thi tm mi cch xd cc qh vs M/trn d/ch v ll ng minh chng phats xit nhm to th da cho CM VN. 3. N/tc /kt qt a. /kt trn c/s thng nht m/tiu v l/ch, c l, c tnh + i vs p/tro CS c/nhn, qt, HCM ging cao ngn c /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH, t/hin /kt thng nht trn nn tng of CN M-L v CN qt v sn, c l, c tnh. t/hin thng nht trog p/tro CS v c/nhn qt th /kt gia cc l k quan nht.S /kt fi ng vng trn lp trng g/c CN, qun trit s/sc n~ n/tc of CN qt v sn. - C l: fi tun th n~ n/tc c bn of CN M-L trn c/s v/dng s/to c h/qu vo h thc tin of nc ta, fi x/pht t l/ch chung of CM TG.
- C tnh: s thng cm, tn trng ln nhau trn t/thn, t/cm of n~ ng cng chung l tng, cng chung m/tiu /tranh.N i hi trog mi v/ fi ch i nhau cng nhn thc, cng hnh ng v l/ch chung. + i vs cc d/tc trn TG, HCM ging cao ngn c /lp, t do v quyn bnh ng gia cc d/tc. HCM k ch sut i /tranh cho /lp, t do of d/tc mh m cn /tranh cho /lp, t do of cc d/tc khc.Trog qh gia VN vs cc nc lng ging cg nh vs cc q/gia d/tc trn TG, HCM t/hin q/im c tnh n/tc: D/tc VN tn tringj /lp ch quyn, ton vn lnh th v quyn t quyt of tt c cc q/gia d/tc trn TG trog qh hp tc hu ngh vs VN trn c/s n~ n/tc . + i vs cc LL tin b trn TG, HCM ging cao ngn c h/bnh trog cng l. TT bt ngun t tr/thng ha hiu of d/tc VN k/hp vs CN nhn o CS v n~ g/tr nhn vn nh/loi.Ging cao ngn c h/bnh v /tranh b/v h/bnh l TT bt di bt dch of HCM. l nn h/bnh chn chnh xy trn cng bnh v l tng d/ch, chng c/tranh xm lc v cc quyn d/tc c bn of mi q/gia. Trog 2 cuc k/c, q/im h/bnh trog cng l, long thit tha h/bnh tn trng /lp v thng nht n of HCM v nd VN lm rung ng tri timn nh/loi, cm ha v li ko cc LL tin b TG ng v pha VN i chm dt c/tranh. b. /kt trn c/s /lp, t ch, t lc, t cng Trog /tranh CM, HCM lun nu cao khu hiu: T lc cnh sinh, da vo sc mh l chnh. Ng c/trg mun ng ta gip cho th trc mh fi t gip ly mh , em sc ta m gp ta. HCM ch r, mun tranh th c s ng h qt, fi c g li /lp, t ch v /n. Ng x: "Cc d ln d nh u /lp v bnh ng, ng thi /kt nht tr gip ln nhau". T/li of CM T8 1945 v k/c chng td P of VN l thng li of g li /n v sngs to of v ch tch HCM.Trog k/c chng M, vs g li /lp t ch ging cao 2 ngn c /lp d/tc v CNXH, k/hp hi ha l/ch d/tc v l/ch qt, ta tranh th c p/tro nd TG /kt vs VN to ra c ting ni chung v s ng h c h/qu of cc nc XHCN. ***** Lin h: Bc vo c.cuc i mi, CS VN ngy cng nhn thc /, s/sc ngha l lun v thc tin to ln of TT K HCM./bit l hn 15 nm i mi va qua cng cho php v nd ta nhn thc r rng, lc no, ni no TT K HCM c q/trnh v t/hin ng, th khi , ni CM ptr m/m thun
li; lc no, ni no xa ri TT K HCM th khi , ni CM gp nhiu k/khn, tn tht. g li, c/sch i mi of v N/nc ta th hin s/sc s q/trnh TT K HCM: t/hin K cc d/tc, tn gio, g/c, tng lp, t/phn KT, mi gii, mi la tui, mi vng of /nc, ng trog v ng ngoi , ng ag c/tc v ng ngh hu, mi t/vin trog i gnh d/tc VN d sng trog nc hay nc ngoi. P/huy s/mnh of c c/ng d/tc, tr/thng yu nc, ch t lc t cng v lng t ho d/tc, ly m/tiu gi vng /lp, thng nht, v dn giu, nc mnh, XH cng =, d/ch, v/minh lm im tg ng; tn trng n~ kin # nhau k tri vs l/ch chung of d/tc, xa b mc cm, nh kin, p/bit i x v qu kh, hg ti tg lai. Khi K ton dn trog m/trn T quc VN lun2 c cng c v ptr su rng trn c/s lin minh vng chc g/c c/nhn vs g/c nng dn v i ng tr thc. Xd khi K ton dn gn vs vic p/huy d/ch trog s XH di s l/o of d. T/hin d/ch trn cc l/vc c/tr, KT, VH, XH tt c cc cp cc ngnh. Hnay, c/ta ag ng trc n~ vn hi mi ng thi cg c n~ t/thc mi. N~ vn hi v t/thc t hng ngy hng gi n khi K d/tc. tin ln c/ta ch c con g l fi kin tr, vng vng, qun trit v t/hin TT K HCM , ng thi c/ta cg fi i mi, ptr n~ n/dung , pp K HCM cho p/hp vs s v/ng , bin i of s KT XH trog nc v TG. K tha, ptr TT K HCM trog s/nghip i mi i hi fi c s n/cu s/sc t/din tt c cc v/ c/tr, KT, XH v qt. Trog t/k y mnh CNH HH /nc cn lun2 qun trit v v/dng s/to TT HCM v K. CHNG 6: TT HCM v d/ch v xd N/nc of dn, do dn, v dn. I.QUAN IM CA HCM V DN CH. 1. Q/nim of HCM v d/ch: D/ch l k/vng mun i of con ng. Ng Q/nim d/ch c ngha l dn l ch v dn lm ch. Dn l ch c ngha l cp n v th of dn, cn dn lm CN l cp n n/lc v tr/nhim of dn. C 2 v ny lun i i vs nhau, th hin v/tr v/tr, quyn v trch nhin of dn. Q/nim of HCM p/ ng n/dung b/cht v d/ch. Quyn hnh v LL u thuc v nd.XH no /bo cho iu c thc thi th l 1 XH thc s d/ch. 2. D/ch trog cc l/vc of s XH: D/ch th hin vic b/m quyn con ng, quyn cg dn.
D/ch c th hin trn tt c cc l/vc c/tr, kt, VH, XH.. Trog d/ch th hin trn l/vc c/tr l q/trng nht, ni bt nht v c biu hin t/trung trog h of NN, bi v quyn lc of nd c th hin trog h of NN vs t cch nd c quyn lc ti cao. Q/nim d/ch theo HCM, cn biu hin phg thc t/c XH.Mun k/nh l 1 nc d/ch th fi c cu to quyn lc XH m ng dn, c trc tip c gin tip qua d/ch i din, mt h/thng c/tr do dn c ra v do dn t/c nn. Khi x/ quyn hnh v LL of XH, HCM cn vch r ngun gc, LL to ra quyn hnh l nd. l q/im gc Ng coi CM l s/nghip of q/chng nd; c/cuc i mi, xd, k/c kin quc l tr/nhim v cong cuc of dn. HCM k ch coi d/ch c ngha l 1 gtr chung , l sn phm of v/minh nh/loi, l l tng phn u of cc d/tc, k ch dng li vs t cch nh l 1 thit ch XH of 1 q/gia m n cong ngha biu th mqh qt, h/bnh gia cc d/tc. l d/ch, bnh ng trog mi t/c qt. 3. Thc hnh d/ch: a. Xd v h/thin ch d/ch r/ri D/ch VN mi c th hin v c /bo trog o lut c bn nht l cc bn Hin P do HCM ch tr xd v c Quc hi thng qua.Hin P nm 1946 t c/s P l /tin cho vic t/hin quyn lc of nd. - HCM k/ q/im /bo d/ch trog vic xc lp quyn lc of nd trog Hin P."Tt c cc c quan, NN u fi da vo nd, l/h cht ch vs nd, lng nghe kin v chu s k/sot of nd. Tt c cc nh/vin c/quan NN u fi trung thnh vs ch d/ch nd, tun theo Hin P v PL, ht lng ht sc p/v nd". - HCM ch trng /bo quyn lc of cc g/c, tng lp, cc c/ng d/tc trog th ch c/tr nc ta. + i vs g/c CN: HCM k/ c/nhn c quyn lc thc s trog x nghip v t lm ch v TLSX, h fi c lm ch trog qun l, trog vic phn phi sp lng. + i vs nng dn: Ng cho rng bao gi nng thn nng dn tht s nm c/quyn, nng dn fi c gp th mi c d/ch thc s. + HCM nh gi cao v/tr of tng lp tr thc trog tin trnh d/ch ha VN v l tr c c n/v rt q/trng trog s/nghip k/c kin quc. + Ng cg q/tm /bit n v/ gp ph n ph n bnh ng vs nam gii, thc s t/gia tch cc vo cc c/vic XH. Ng cg cao v/tr lm ch /nc of thanh, thiu nin. HCM q/tm n vic /bo quyn lm ch of tt c nd cc
d/tc v cho rng fi lm cho cc d/tc lm ch n, mau chng ptr kt', VH, t/hin cc d/tc bnh dng v mi mt. b. Xd cc t/c , Nh nc , M/trn v cc on th c/tr XH vng mnh /bo d/ch trog XH Trog vic xd nn d/ch VN, HCM ch trng ti vic xd vs t cch l cm quyn, l/o NN, l/o ton XH; vd NN of dn, do dn, v dn; xd M/trn vs v/tr l lin minh c/tr t nguyn of tt c cc t/c c/tr -xh v m/tiu chung of s ptr of n + C /bo v p/huy d/ch trog th mi /bo c d/ch of ton XH. tr thnh ht nhn c/tr of ton XH v l nh/t tin quyt b/m t/c d/ch of XH.D/ch trog , do , tr thnh y/t q/nh ti tr/ d/ch of ton XH. + NN th hin chc nng qun l XH of mh qua vic b/m thc thi ch of g/c c/nhn v nd l i vs s ptr of n.NN th ch ha ton b b/cht d/ch of ch . + Cc t/c M/trn v on th nd th hin quyn lm ch v t/gia qun l XH of tt c cc g/c, tng lp trog XH. Tt c cc t/c u c 1 m/tiu chung l t ti tr/ d/ch cao, d/ch XHCN. cg l /lc c bn nht cc g/c, tng lp, trog XH VN phn u trog s/nghip CM.Theo q/im of HCM, thc hnh d/ch r/ri l trn nn tng of khi K d/tc, nng ct l lin minh cng-nng-tr.
II.Q/IM HCM V XD NN CA DN DO DN, V DN TTHCM v NN of dn, do dn, v dn c gtr l lun v thc tin to ln, s/sc, nh hg cho vic xd v h/thin nn d/ch, NN kiu mi VN.HCM c q/im nht qun v xd 1 NN mi l 1 NN do nd l lm ch. y l q/im c bn nht of Ng , x/sut, c tnh chi phi ton b q/trnh h/thnh v ptr of NN CM VN. 1. TT HCM v mt NN of dn, do dn, v dn a. NN of dn - Theo TT HCM, NN of dn l NN c t/c sao cho tt c quyn lc trog nc l of ton th nd. iu 1 Hin P nm 1946, do Ng lm Trng ban son tho, k r: Nc VN l 1 nc DCCH. Tt c quyn bnh trog nc l of ton th nd VN, k p/bit ni ging, gi trai, giu ngho, g/c, tn gio.
- Quyn lc trog nc l of ton th nd, theo HCM, fi c th hin ch: + Dn lm ch v dn l ch. Dn l ch c ngha l x v th of dn,cn dn lm ch c ngha l x quyn, ngha v of dn. Dn c quyn lm bt c vic g m P lut k cm, ng thi c ngha v tun theo P lut. + N~ vic qh n vn mnh q/gia s a ra nd phc quyt (iu 32 Hin P 1946). + Sau khi ginh c c/quyn, dn u quyn cho cc i din do mh bu ra. ng thi, dn c quyn bi min i biu quc hi, i biu hi ng nd nu n~ i biu y t ra k xng ng vs s tn nhim of nd. - Y/c i vs NN of dn l: + Theo HCM, mun /bo c t/c nd of NN fi x c v t/hin c tr/nhim of c tri v i biu do c tri bu ra.C tri v i biu c tri bu ra fi c mqh cht ch vs nhau, khi k hon thnh n/v vs t cch l i biu of c tri th c tri c quyn bi min t cch i biu. + NN fi = mi n lc h/thnh c cc thit ch d/ch thc thi quyn lm ch of nd. + Cc v i din of dn, do dn c ra fi x r mh ch l tha u quyn of dn, l cng bc of dn. b. N/nc do dn NN do dn lp nn, do dn ng h, dn lm ch.Chnh v vy, HCM thng nhn mnh n/v of n~ ng CM l fi lm cho dn hiu, lm cho dn gic ng n/cao c tr/nhim lm ch , n/cao thc chm lo xd NN of mh. ND c k, c v P lut v thc t t/gia qun l NN. Theo TT HCM, N/nc do dn l: - Do dn la chn, bu ra t n~ i biu of mh vo cc c quan quyn lc of N/nc.Ton b cng dn bu ra Quc hi cq quyn lc cao nht of NN, cq d/nht c quyn lp P. Quc hi bu ra Ch tch nc, y ban thng v Quc hi v Hi ng c/ph. Hi ng c/ph l cq hnh chnh cao nht of NN, t/hin cc ngh quyt of Quc hi v chp hnh PL. - Do dn ng h, gip , ng thu N/nc chi tiu h. - Do dn ph bnh, gim st, xd. - Khi cc c quan NN k p ng c l/ch v nguyn vng of nd th nd s bi min n. HCM k: Nu C/ph lm hi dn th dn c quyn ui C/ph. c. NN v dn - Theo HCM, NNv dn l NN p/v l/ch v nguyn vng of nd, ly l/ch chnh ng of nd lm m/tiu,k c c quyn, c li, thc s trog sch, cn, kim, lim, chnh. HCM nhn mnh :
mi g li, c/sch u ch nhm a li q/li cho dn, vic g c li cho dn d nh cg c gng lm, vic g c hi cho dn d nh cg c gng trnh. Nh vy, theo Q/nim of HCM, ch c 1 NN thc s of dn, do dn t/c, xd v k/sot trn thc t mi c th l NN v dn. - Ng cho rng, trog NN v dn, dn l ch, l ng c p/v th c/b NN, t ch tch tr xung u l cng bc of dn, lm y t cho dn. lm tt v/tr of mh, xng ng vs s tn nhim of nd, HCM y/c c/b NN fi l ng y t p/v nd, c/b N/nc fi ng thi l ng l/o, ng hg dn nd. * Xd v h/thin N/nc P quyn XHCN nc ta hnay. - N/cao nhn thc v xd N/nc P quyn XHCN. - Tip tc i mi t/c, h of b my N/nc. - Xd i ng c/b, cng chc trog sch, c n/lc p ng y/c trog tnh hnh mi. - Tch cc thc hnh tit kim, phng nga v kin quyt chng tham nhng, lng ph. 2. TT HCM v s thng nht gia b/cht g/c c/nhn vs tnh nd v tnh d/tc of NN a. B/cht g/c c/nhn of NN HCM lun k b/cht g/c c/nhn of NN ta.Ng vit:NN ta l NN d/ch nd, da trn nn tng lin minh cg ng, do g/c c/nhn l/o. B/cht g/c c/nhn of NN biu hin ni bt ch: Mt l, NN do of g/c c/nhn l/o. - Trog q/im c bn xd 1 NN do nd lao dng lm ch, mt NN th hin t/cht nd r/ri,HCM nhn mnh nng ct cu nd l lin minh gia g/c c/nhn vs g/c nng dn v tr thc do g/c c/nhn m i tin phong of n l CS VN l/o.. - l/o NN = phg thc thch hp. + CS VN l/o NN = g li, c/trg, nh hg c/sch v l/o thng qua t/c, c nhn of mh trog Quc hi, C/ph v cc nghnh, cc cp of NN. + l/o NN = h of cc t/c v vin of mh trog b my, c quan NN. + l/o NN = c/tc kim tra. Hai l b/cht g/c of NN th hin tnh nh hg XHCN of s ptr n. Ba l b/cht g/c CN of NN ta th hin n/tc t/c c bn of n l n/tc t/trung d/ch. HCM nhn mh n vic p/huy cao d/ch g thi p/huy cao t/trung. NN fi t/trung t/nht quyn lc vo tay nd. b. B/cht g/c c/nhn t/nht vs tnh nd, tnh d/tc of N/nc - Theo HCM, b/cht g/c c/nhn of NN ta lun thng nht, hi ho vs tnh nd, tnh d/tc of NN. S d c s thng nht v
l/ch of g/c c/nhn thng nht vs l/ch of d/tc. G/c c/nhn nc ta k th gp c mh nu k t/gia v i u trog s/nghip gp d/tc v gp cc tng lp nd #. - S thng nht gia b/cht g/c c/nhn vs tnh nd, tnh d/tc of N/nc ta th hin ch: + NN ta ra i l k/qu of cuc /tranh lu di, gian kh of nhiu th h ng VN. Cui TK XIX u TK XX, d/tc VN ri vo k/hong g li CM. Trog cuc /tranh chng P trg k oanh lit nhng vn cha th em li /lp, t do cho d/tc.T u 1930, ta ra i th s ln mnh of g/c CN vs i tin phong of n l CS VN vt qua tt c v l/o t/li CMT8 1945, /tranh ginh c/quyn, lp nn NN d/ch nd /tin of ng Nam . + N/nc ta lun b/v l/ch of nd, ly l/ch of d/tc lm c bn. HCM k/ l/ch c bn of g/c CN, of nd l v ton d/tc l mt. NN ta k n~ th hin ch of g/c c/nhn m cn th hin ch of nd v of ton d/tc. + T/c b my of NN lun th hin tnh K d/tc.Trog tgian Ng l/o n, nh s/lc mm do cg nh Ng dung np nhiu nhn s, tr thc, quan li cao cp of ch c vo b my NN + Trog thc t, NN ta ng ra lm n/v ca c d/tc giao ph, l/o nd tin hnh cc cuc k/c b/v nn /lp, t do of T quc, xd 1 nc VN h/bnh, thng nht /lp, d/ch v giu mnh, g/phn tch cc vo s ptr tin b of TG. 3. TT HCM v 1 NN P quyn c h/lc P l m/m (Cu 10) 4. TT HCM v xd N/nc trog sch, vng mnh, h c h/qu a. phng khc phc n~ tiu cc trog h of N/nc: Xd NN of dn, do dn, v dn k bao gi tch ri vs vic lm cho NN lun trog sch, vng mnh.Trog t duy v hnh ng of HCM, vic xd N/nc lun i i vs vic chng li cc cn bnh lm thoi ho, bin cht b my N/nc. Ng ch ra 6 cn bnh cn phng : tri php, cy th, h ha, t tng, chia r, kiu ngo.Trog q/trnh l/o, xd NN VN, HCM thng ch r n~ tiu cc sau y v nhc nh mi ng phng v khc phc. - c quyn, c li: Xd NN trog sch, vng mnh i hi fi ty tr n~ thi cy mh l ng trog c quan c/quyn ca quyn, hch dch vs dn,lm quyn, ng thi v vt tin of, li dng chc quyn lm li cho c nhn mh. - Tham , lng ph, quan liu: HCM coi y l "gic ni xm", "gic trog lng", th gic nguy him hn gic ngoi xm.Ng ph bnh n~ ng "ly of cng dng vo vic t, qun c thanh lim, /c".
Lng ph c HCM x l lng ph sc l, lng ph th gi v tin of. Chng lng ph l bin P tit kim, mt v/ quc sch of q/gia. Quan liu l 1 cn bnh k n~ c cp TW, cp tnh, cp huyn m cn ngay c cp c/s. HCM p/bnh n~ ng v cc c quan l/o t cp trn n cp di k st cv thc t, k theo di v g/dc c/b, k g/gi q/chng.v c/vic th trng h/thc m k x/xt khp mi mt, k i su vo tng v/. y l bnh gc sinh ra cc bh tham , lng ph; mun tr sch bnh tham , lng ph th trc ht fi ty sch bnh quan liu. - "T tng", "chia r", "kiu ngo": n~ h ny gy mt /kt, gy ri cho c/tc.HCM kch lit ln n t ko b, ko cnh. Ng c ti c c, nhng k va lng mh th y ra ngoi. Qun rng vic nc l vic cng, ch k fi vic ring g dng h of ai. Trog c/quyn cn hin tg gy mt /kt, k bit cch lm cho mi ng h/thun vs nhau. Ngoi bnh cy th, c ng cn kiu ngo, c ch lc no cg vc mt quan CM", lm mt uy tn of C/ph. b. Tng cng tnh nghim minh of P lut i i vs y mnh g/dc /c CM HCM k/hp 1 cch nhun nhuyn gia ql XH = PL vs p/huy n~ tr/thng tt p trog /s c/ng ng VN c h/thnh qua hng ngn nm l/s. Trog vic thi hnh quyn hn v tr/nhim of mh vs Cg v l ch tch nc, HCM bao h cg th hin l 1 ng s/sut, thng nht h/ha gia l trid v t/cm, nghim khc bao dung, nhn i nhng k bao gi bao che cho n~ sai lm, khuyt im of bt c ai. K Cg, php nc thi no cg lun c cao v fi c p dng cho tt c mi ng. Do , HCM y/c PL fi thng tay trng tr n~ k bt lim, bt k k y a v no, lm ngh nghip g. Bn cnh , HCM dng s/mnh uy tn of mh cm ha n~ ng c li lm, ko h i vs CM, g/dc n~ ng mc khuyt im h trnh phm P. CHNG 7: TT HCM v /c, VH v xd con ng mi I. TT HCM v VH ta x: VH l nn tng t/thn of XH, l tm cao, chiu su v tr/ ptr of d/tc, k/tinh n~ gtr tt p nht trog qh gia ng vs ng, ng vs XH, ng vs th/nhin. VH l /lc, l m/tiu of s/nghip CM. Trog cc TT ch o xd nn VH tin tin, / b/sc d/tc th /lp d/tc gn lin vs CN XH l TT ch o hng u. N/quyt UNESCO k: s /gp q/trng v nhiu mt of ch tch HCM trog cc l/vc VH, g/dc v NT l k/tinh of tr/thng VH hng ngn nm of nd VN v n~ TT of Ng l
hin thn of n~ k/vng of cc d/tc trog vic k b/sc d/tc of mh v tiu biu cho vic th.y s hiu bit ln nhau. Ch tch HCM l hin thn of tinh hoa VH VN, danh nhn VH TG, k tha tr/thng VH kim, c, ng, ty, /bit l tip thu CN M-L, nh cao of TT nhn vn of nh/loi nh kt tinh Ng n~ gtr VH va d/tc, va hin i, va nhn vn. TT HCM v VH l 1 trog n~ di sn qu bu m Ng li cho c/ta hm nay. 1. N~ q/im chung of HCM v VH a. K/nim VH trog TT HCM Trog TT HCM, k/nim VH c cp n c ngha rng v ngha hp. + Theo ngha rng, VH c HCM nh ngha: V l sinh tn cg nh m/ch of cs, loi ng mi s/to v pht minh ra ngn ng, ch vit, /c, P lut, KH, tn gio, vn hc, ngh thut, n~ cng c cho s/hot hng ngy v mc, n, v cc phg thc sd. Ton b n~ s/to v pht minh tc l VH. VH l tng hp of mi phg thc s/hot cng vs biu hin of n m loi ng sn sinh ra nhm thch ng n~ nhu cu s v i hi of s sinh tn. Nh vy, VH c hiu theo ngha rng nht. l ton b n~ gtr v/cht v gtr t/thn m loi ng s/to ra nhm p ng nhu cu sinh tn, ng thi cg l m/ch cs of con ng. V mun xd nn VH of d/tc th fi xd trn tt c cc mt KT, c/tr, XH, /c, tm l of con ng,... + Theo ngha hp, VH c HCM x l s t/thn of XH, l thuc v kin trc thng tng of XH. y l q/im nht qun of HCM k t sau CMT8. b. Q/im v xd 1 nn VH mi. HCM a ra 5 im ln nh hg cho vic xd nn VH d/tc: 1.Xd tm l: t/thn /lp t cng 2.Xd lun l: bit hi sinh mh, lm li cho q/chng. 3.XD XH: mi s/nghip c lin quan n phc li of nd trog XH 4. XD c/tr: dn quyn. 5. Xd KT. Nh vy, ngay t rt sm, HCM q/tm n VH, thy r v/tr, v/tr of VH trog s XH. iu ny ct ngha v sao ngay khi dnh c /lp, HCM bt tay vo vic xd, kin to 1 nn VH mi VN trn tt c mi l/vc, t kt', c/tr, XH, /c n tm l con ng, sm a VH vo c/lc ptr n. Mt trog n~ n/dung c bn of TT HCM v VH l xd nn VH mi VN. Nn VH mi theo q/im of HCM cha ng nhiu n/dung
p/ph rng ln, lin quan ti cc v/ nh thc /lp t ch, t lc t cng, chng CN c nhn, lun bit t l/ch of nd, of t quc ln trn ht, trc ht; quyn lm ch, bnh ng, t do, hp tc l dn giu, nc mnh, XH cng =, v/minh. l mqh gia g/dc /c v P lut, k/thc tr/thng d/ch xm lng, xd mt XH mi, mt nn VH mi c iu hnh = lut. Trog XH mi, ng dn fi bit ngha v, q/li v bit hng hp, quyn d/ch m mh c hng. T x/hin 1 nn d/ch cao, tht s, cha ng qh tt p gia ng vs ng. K nn VH mi, ch mi, HCM vit: Ch trog ch XHCN th mi ng mi c c k ci thin s ring of mh, p/huy tnh cch ring v s trng ring of mh. K c ch no tn trng con ng, ch x/xt n~ l/ch c nhn /n v b/m cho n c tha mn = ch XHCN v CS CN. N~ v/ trn chnh l n/dung of mt nn VH mi c t/cht d/tc, KH v i chng trog t/k CM d/tc d/ch. Ngy nay n~ t/cht y k n~ c k tha m cn c n/cao thnh t/cht tin tin / b/sc d/tc. Ni tng qut v ngn gn, nn VH mi l xc lp qh gtr mi trn nn tng v k tc gtr tr/thng, b p n~ thiu ht n~ gtr tr/thng v to tin h/thnh gtr tng lai. C th ni VH l ton b n~ gtr v v/cht v t/thn do con ng s/to ra trog h thc tin l/s of mh. HCM cho rng VH l linh hn, l b/sc of d/tc. H/thng gtr t/thn of mi d/tc hitha nn b/sc of mi d/tc, VH thc cht l ci p/bit d/tc n vs d/tc khc. HCM cho rng fi gi gn v p/huy b/sc d/tc, ly VH xa bi p cho VH nay. Ng ca ngi tr/thng yu nc, thg ng, t/thn d/ch, t/thn qt, /kt, yu i, lc quan, nht l ca ngi cc anh hng v danh nhn VN. Ng g/dc dn ta fi bit s ta cho tng gc tch nc nh VN. ng thi Ng k khi p/huy vn c qu bu of VH d/tc tc l khi phc n~ g tt p, fi loi dn ra ci g l k tt, k p/hp. HCM cg ch ra l c/ta fi bit h/tp ci hay, ci tt of VH TG, trn c/s p/huy ci gc of VH d/tc. Nh vy xd nn VH mi tin tin / b/sc VH d/tc theo HCM l k/hp gia t/thn yu nc vs t/thn qt v sn. i vs HCM, bo tn v ptr VH d/tc, ng thi fi ty tr mi /h n dch of VH quc, tn trng phong tc, tp qun, VH cc d/tc t ng. Xd nn VH tin tin / b/sc VH d/tc cn l mt vic a KH vo c cu li nn KT, l vic xd nn VH P l mi ng sng v lm vic theo P lut. Xd nn VH mi b/gm c vic xd v sd tt i ng tr thc p/v cho s/nghip CM. Theo HCM fi xd nn VH mi, fi i i vs xd con ng mi con ng XHCN. HCM Q/nim VH l tt c n~ g k fi thin
nhin ngha l tt c n~ g do con ng, trog con ng v lin quan trc tip nht n con ng. ng dy V l/ch 10 nm trng cy, v l/ch trm nm trng ng, Mun xd CNXH trc ht cn c n~ con ng XHCN. Con ng mi l con ng k tha n~ tr/thng tt p of d/tc, con ng c VH, c /c, tr tu, sc khe, c n/lc lm ch bn thn v lm ch XH. c c n~ p/cht y, con ng mi cn c h/tp, /to c tr/ nht nh v chuyn mn, KH, /c, P lut,... Xd nn VH mi VN cn l xd s mi. T lc mi ginh /lp cho /nc (1945), HCM xng vic chng gic dt, chng thi quen lc hu, xd s mi, g/dc li nd = cch t/hin cn, kim, lim, chnh. Ng cn i tin phong trog li ni v vic lm t/hin trng cy gy rng, b/v mi trng sinh thi, b/v thin nhin. HCM cho rng xd VH l mt cuc CM of nd, do fi bit pht ng p/tro CM of nd. VH phng s nd, ly hp of nd, of d/tc l c/s l mt q/im x/sut trog TT HCM v VH. ng thi theo HCM q/chng l n~ ng k ch s/to ra of ci v/cht cho XH m cn l ng sng tc na. Di s l/o of , c/ta ag tin hnh s/nghip i mi, y mnh CNH HH /nc, trog c mt v/ q/trng l xd v ptr nch tin tin / b/sc d/tc. Ngh quyt hi ngh ln th V BCH TW kha VIII k: VH l nn tng t/thn of XH, va l m/tiu, va l /lc thc y KT XH. Ngh quyt ghi r Lm cho VH thm su vo ton b s v h XH, vo tng ng, vo tng gnh, tng tp th c/ng, tng a bn dn c, vo mi l/vc s/hot v qh con ng, to ra trn /nc ta t/thn cao p, tr/ dn tr cao, KH ptr, p/v c lc cho s/nghip CNH, HH v s/nghip dn giu, nc mnh, XH cng =, v/minh, tin bc vng chc ln CNXH. t/hin xd v ptr nn VH VN tin tin / b/sc d/tc theo t/thn ngh quyt hi ngh ln th 5 of BCH T kha VIII l s k tha v v/dng TT HCM v xd nn VH VN of ta trog k hnay. 2. Q/nim of HCM v cc v/ chung of VH. a. Q/nim of HCM v v/tr, v/tr of VH trog s XH. + Mt l, VH l s t/thn of XH, thuc kin trc thng tng. VH l mt mt hp thnh ton b s XH l c/tr, KT, VH, XH. Cc mt c qh cht ch vs nhau, trog KT c n~ q/nh s ptr vn hoa. - HCM x VH l mt trog bn v/ ch yu of s XH. Theo Ng, VH cg q/trng ngang hng vs c/tr, KT, XH.
- Ng cn ch r bn v/ c mqh cht ch vs nhau k th tch ri. C/tr, XH c c gp th VH mi c gp. Xd KT to diu kin cho vic xd v ptr VH. Ngc li, VH fi p/v n/v c/tr, thc y xd v ptr KT. Trog qh vs c/tr, XH: HCM cho rng c/tr gp s m ng cho VH ptr.Ng ni: "XH th no, vn ngh th y...Di ch TD v PK, nd ta b n l, th vn ngh cg b n l, bil ti tn, k th ptr c". VH ptr t do, fi lm CM c/tr trc. VN, tin hnh CM c/tr thc cht l tin hnh cuc CM gp d/tc ginh c/quyn, gp c/tr, gp Xh, t gp VH, m ng cho VH ptr. Trog qh vs KT: HCM ch r KT l thuc v c/s h tng, l nn tng of vic xd VH.T ,Ng a ra lun im: Fi ch trng xd kt', xd c/s h tng c k xd v ptr VH.Ng vit: "VH l 1 kin trc thng tng; nhng c/s h tng of XH c kin thit ri, VH mi kin thit c v c k ptr c. + Hai l, VH k th ng ngoi m fi trog kt' v c/tr, fi p/v n/v c/tr v thc y s ptr of kt'. Ng cho rng, VH c tnh tch cc, ch ng, ng v/tr to ln nh 1 /lc, thc y s ptr of kt' v c/tr.Ng ni: " Tr/ VH of nd n/cao s gip cta y mnh c/cuc khi phc kt', ptr d/ch.N/cao tr/ VH of nd cg l 1 vic cn thit xd nc ta thnh 1 nc h/bnh, thng nht, /lp , d/ch v giu mnh." + Ba l, VH fi trog KT v c/tr, c ngha l VH fi t/gia t/hinj n~ n/v c/tr, thc y xd v ptr KT.Q/im ny k ch nh hg cho vic xd 1 nn VH mi VN m cn nh hg cho mi h VH.VH k ng ngoi m trog cuc k/c thn thnh of d/tc.V cuc k/c tr thnh cuc k/c c tnh VH.Chnh iu ny em li s/mnh vt tri cho nd VN nh thng cuc c/tranh x/lc of t/d P v quc M. iu cg c ngha l KT v c/tr cg fi c tnh VH, iu m CNXH v th/i ag i hi.Ngy nay, trog c/cuc CNXH di a/s TTHC, ta c/trg gn VH vs ptr, c/trg a cc g/tr VH thm su vo KT v c/tr, lm cho VH thc s va l m/tiu, va l /lc of c/cuc xd v ptr n. b. Q/nim of HCM v t/cht of nn VH mi - Theo HCM, nn VH mi m c/ta c/trg xd l nn VH c t/cht d/tc, KH v i chng. + Tnh d/tc of nn VH th hin c tnh d/tc, ct cch d/tc of nn VH. N l k/qu of s k tha v p/huy n~ tr/thng VH tt p of d/tc, n~ gtr VH vt th v phi vt th c o of d/tc. Trog TT HCM, VH l linh hn, l b/sc d/tc. D/tc no cg mt chiu su v ci r, cs VH nht nh n c duy tr v ptr
qua cc th h tr thnh tr/thng thnh n~ gtr VH, thnh tinh hoa of d/tc. l CN yu nc, l t/thn t l, t cng, l bn lnh ct cch of d/tc. VH fi lm cho mi ng hiu bit s/sc v / n~ gtr tr/thng , fi h/ng s/mnh v i of cc gtr tr/thng hng my mi TK p/v cho s/nghip CM. H ch tch ch r n/v of ng c/b VH l fi dng VH tuyn truyn cho vic cn kim xd nc nh, xd CNXH MBc v u tran thng nht nc nh. Trog g/dc tr/thng, Ng thng cn dn Dn ta fi bit s ta, s ta dy cho ta n~ chuyn v vang of t tin ta, dn ta l con rng chu tin, c nhiu ng ti gii, nh Bc, dp Nam, yu dn tr nc ting mun i. HCM thng nhc nh cc nh VH fi chu kh hc, hiu su, k/thc, p/huy v ptr n~ ci c o ct cch v t tnh d/tc. Theo HCM fi gi gn v p/huy tr/thng d/tc, em vn hoa xa bi p cho VH nay, k/hp tr/thng vs hin i, k tha tr/thng tt p of VH d/tc i i vs tip tc c chn lc tinh hoa vs nh/loi l s th hin 1 nt b/chng q/trng TT HCM v VH. Qua TT of Ng, ta thy v/ t ra l fi xd nn VH / b/sc dn t, a VH VN tin kp VH hin i of TG , ng thi g/phn thc y VH nh/loi pht trin. + Tnh KH of nn VH th hin s p/hp of nn VH d/tc vs s tin ha chung of nn VH nh/loi, k/nng /gp of VH vo s/nghip ci to XH. + Tnh i chng of nn VH th hin ch nn VH do q/chng nd vun trng nn, q/chng nd va l ch th s/to va l ch th hng th n~ gtr of nn VH . - Nn VH m c/ta ag xd hnay l nn VH c t/cht tin tin, / b/sc d/tc. Thc cht nn VH ny l s tip ni v trin khai TT HCM v xd mt nn VH c t/cht d/tc, KH v i chng. Tin tin l KH, hin i, l XHCN, l bit tip thu tinh hoa VH of nh/loi. / b/sc d/tc l bit k tha, p/huy n~ tr/thng VH tt p of d/tc, ptr n~ tr/thng tt p y cho p/hp vs n~ k l/s mi of d/tc. *** T/cht, /trng, chc nng of nn VH mi. Ch tch HCM k n/v xd mt nn VH mi v ch r tnh cht, /trng v chc nng ch yu of nn VH . a. Ngay sau ngy Quc khnh 2-9-1945, Ch tch HCM cho t/lp y ban VH lm thi Bc b. Ti bui tip i biu of y ban ny ngy 7-9-1945, HCM ch r: Bn phn of cc ngi l l/o TT quc dn, /tranh cho /lp v kin thit mt nn VH mi. T , ty theo n/v of tng g CM, HCM v ta nhn mnh cc t/cht, /trng of nn VH , v p/hp vs
tin trnh CM, vs k/qu tng kt thc tin, HCM v ta tng bc /chnh, b/sung, hon chnh cc q/im c bn of mh. Song, tu trung, l nn VH bao hm cc t/cht d/tc, hin i v nhn vn to nn 1 nn VH mi a dng v thng nht - nn VH Vit Nanm tin tin, / b/sc d/tc c H i biu ton quc ln th VII (1991) of c kt v k. Theo TT HCM, yu nc l nc thang gtr cao nht of d/tc VN v of nn VH VN. K tc p/cht bn vng of VH d/tc trog qu kh, nn VH mi fi tip tc ptr vs n~ /trng mi. Theo HCM, chnh l s g/b mt thit v tr thnh mt b/phn of s/nghip CM, l s hi ha gia l tng /lp d/tc vs l tng XHCN trog nn VH , tr thnh n/dung ct li of n trog t/k mi. Nh vy, cha ng trog nn VH mi of c/ta, theo TT HCM, l n~ gtr bn vng, cao qu v n~ tinh hoa of VH v tr/thng d/tc cng vs n~ gtr mi c xy p v ptr trog t/k hin i of d/tc ta. C ngha l, tin tin, / b/sc d/tc l nh/t v p/cht ha quyn hu c trog nn VH, to nn tng th gtr of nn VH mi. V p/cht d/tc, / b/sc d/tc of nn VH mi, trc ht l nn VH gc r t d/tc, mang tm hn, din mo, c tnh v ct cch d/tc. l n~ gtr bn vng v n~ tinh hoa of c/ng cc d/tc VN c vun p qua l/s hng ngn nm /tranh dng nc v gi nc, l lng yu nc nng nn, ch t lc t cng d/tc, t/thn /kt, thc c/ng gn kt c nhn, gnh, lng x, T quc, lng nhn i, khoan dung, trng ngha tnh, o l; c tnh cn c, s/to trog l; dg cm, thng minh trog chin u, s tinh t trog ng x, tnh gin d trog l/sng; tnh ngha thy chung vs ng thn, bn b. Trog rt nhiu bi ni, bi vit of mh, Ch tch HCM n cn nhc nh c/ta fi gi gn v p/huy n~ tr/thng v b/sc tt p y of d/tc. Ng k, VH fi lt cho ht t/thn d/tc, p/huy ct cch d/tc... k ch chiu su of n/dung VH m cn th hin / trog cc h/thc, phg thc biu hin n/dung . Trog TT HCM v VH, ni gi gn v p/huy b/sc d/tc k ng ngha vs d/tc hp hi, ng ca, khp kn v cg hon ton xa l vs kiu bt chc, hc i, lai cng nh mt i ci c o, ci /trng of d/tc mh. Fi bit k tha, p/huy c chn lc n~ tr/thng VH tt p p/hp vs n~ k l/s mi, kin quyt p/phn v loi b n~ tp tc lc hu, c h, bn lnh m rng giao lu vs TG, tip thu c chn lc n~ ci hay, ci tt p, tin b of VH nh/loi, tnh to chng li s xm nhp of mi th VH c hi... Ty phg hay ng phg c ci g tt, ta hc ly to ra mt nn VH VN. Ngha l ly k/nghim tt of VH xa v VH nay, trau di cho VH VN tht
c t/thn thun ty VN. b. Nn VH mi, theo q/im of HCM, fi l 1 nn VH thm su p/cht nhn vn v d/ch, hp vs t/thn d/ch, m trc ht l s tn trng v yu thg con ng, g/phn cho s ptr t/din of con ng, /bit l b/dg n/cao s t/thn, TT, t/cm p/ph, cao p of con ng. y chnh l s mnh, l chc nng ch yu of VH. Trog Q/nim of mh v VH, Ch tch HCM thng xuyn nhn mnh 1 chc nng c v/tr /bit of VH l bm st v thu hiu cs, miu t v khm ph con ng, b/v v k, g/phn trc tip xd con ng mi ag h/thnh trog cuc chin u y hy sinh, gian kh v v i v s ra i v chin thng of XH mi. Thu hiu /trng v s/mnh ring of VH, Ch tch HCM lun2 c nim tin s/sc v k/nng of VH c th v cn fi nui dng, xy p cho con ng n~ l tng cao qu, n~ TT v t/cm ln, n~ p/cht tt p cho con ng gip con ng vn ti ci chn, ci thin, ci m v t con ng c n/lc v k/vng k ngng h/thin bn thn. Q/trnh t h/thin y chnh l q/trnh con ng vn ln ci tt p, ci tin b v /tranh vs ci xu xa, en ti, lc hu. V/tr cao qu of VH, vs t cch l /lc of s ptr, trc ht l thng qua chc nng ch yu v /trng ny of VH. HCM nhiu ln nhn mnh: Fi lm th no cho VH vo su trog tm l of quc dn, ngha l VH fi sa i c tham nhng, c li bing, ph hoa, xa x... VH fi lm th no cho ai cg c l tng t ch, /lp, t do... lm th no cho mi ng dn VN t tr n gi, c n ng v n b ai cg hiu n/v of mh v bit hng hp of mh ng c hng. Ni n VH l ni n p/cht, n gtr, ng thi cg l ni n tr/ of con ng. Nui dng cc p/cht, xy p cc gtr t/thn, TT, t/cm v n/cao tr/ dn tr l n~ chc nng k th tch ri of VH. Theo y/c of tng t/k of cuc /tranh CM, Ch tch HCM thng xuyn nhn mnh cc n/v ln lao trn of VH. C/ta fi bin mt nc dt nt, cc kh thnh mt nc VH cao v s ti vui hp. Ch tch HCM k nh vy ngay khi /nc ta kt thc cuc chin tranh chng TD P v MBc bt u bc vo t/k qu xd CNXH. Chnh t q/im m Ng lun i hi rt cao i vs cht lng of h VH, p ng cc nhu cu a dng of con ng - nhn thc, tip nhn, hng th VH v n/cao tr/ hiu bit t/din of mh thng qua VH, = VH. Ng nhc nh: P/tro VH c b rng, cha c b su, nng v mt gii tr m cn nh v mt n/cao tri thc of q/chng. S nhc nh cch y gn 40 nm, nhng c/ta thy nh l s ph bnh trc tip n~ thiu st, khuyt im of c/tc VH nc ta trog n~ thng ngy gn y nht.
Chnh do t/cht, /trng v c/nng /bit trn of VH, theo li dy v ch dn of Ch tch HCM, cn fi lm mi cch p/huy ti a s/mnh of VH lm cho cc nh/t VH thm su vo mi l/vc, trog mi phg din c/tr, KT, XH, P lut, k Cg... v mi qh of con ng vs t nhin, XH v vs chnh mh..., bin VH thnh 1 ngun lc ni sinh q/trng of ptr. c. Q/nim of HCM v chc nng of VH Theo HCM, VH c ba chc nng c bn: - Mt l, b/dg TT /n v t/cm cao p cho nd, loi b n~ sai lm v thp hn c th c trog TT, t/cm of mi ng. HCM /bit q/tm n vic xd n~ TT v t/cm ln c ngha chi phi s t/thn of mi ng v of c d/tc. TT ln nht m Ng y/c v nd ta fi xd l l tng /lp d/tc gn lin vs CNXH. N~ t/cm ln m HCM c/trg xd cho mi ng l lng yu nc, tnh yu thg con ng; yu ci chn, ci thin v ci m; yu tnh trung thc, thu chung, chn thnh, ght n~ thi h, tt xu, sa o, bin cht,v.v - Hai l, n/cao dn tr. l n/cao tr/ hiu bit, tr/ kin thc of ng dn. Tr/ fi t ch k bit ch n ch bit ch, t ch bit ch n ch hiu bit cc l/vc khc cn thit cho h cu mi ng nh KT, c/tr, VH, KH k thut, chuyn mn ngh nghip, thc tin VN v TG,. - Ba l, b/dg n~ p/cht tt p, n~ p/cch lnh mnh lun hg con ng vn ti chn, thin, m. N~ p/cht tt p lm nn gtr of con ng. Mi ng fi bin TT v t/cm ln thnh p/cht cao p. Mun t/gia vo vic to ra n~ gtr VH, ng thi bit hng th mt cch /n n~ gtr VH of XH, mi ng k ch cn c n~ TT /n, t/cm cao p, n~ hiu bit ngy cng c n/cao, m cn fi trau di cho mh n~ p/cht tt p, n~ p/cch lnh mnh. VH fi gip cho con ng bin n~ TT /n, t/cm cao p thnh p/cht v p/cch of chnh mh mi c th sd c kin thc t/gia vo vic to ra n~ gtr VH cho XH v bit hng th 1 cch /n n~ gtr VH of XH. Mi ng fi bit p/bit ci tt p, lnh mnh vs ci xu xa, h hng, ci tin b thc y s ptr XH vs ci lc hu cn tr mi ng v c d/tc tin ln pha trc. T , mi ng fi phn u lm cho ci tt p, lnh mnh ngy cng tng, ci tin b ngy cng nhiu, ci li thi, lc hu ngy cng gim bt, ci xu xa, h hng ngy cng b loi b khi s con ng v XH. 3. TT HCM v mt s l/vc chnh of VH a) VH g/dc (Cu 12) b) VH vn ngh (Cu 13) c) VH s
VH s thc cht l s mi c HCM nu ra vs ba n/dung: /c mi, l/sng mi v np sng mi. Ba n/dung c qh mt thit vs nhau, trog /c mi gi v/tr ch yu: + /c mi: thc hnh /c cn, kim, lim, chnh. HCM nhiu ln k:Nu k gi ng Cn, Kim, Lim, Chnh th d tr nn h bi, bin thnh su mt of dn, Nu cao v thc hnh Cn, Kim, Lim, Chnh tc l nhen la cho s mi + L/sng mi: sng c l tng, c /c, v/minh, tin tin, k/hp hi ho, tr/thng d/tc vs tinh hoa VH of nh/loi. Fi lm sao cho mi h of con ng u mang tnh VH + Np sng mi: np sng v/minh, l q/trnh lm cho l/sng mi dn dn tr thnh thi quen, phong tc tp qun tt p, k tha v ptr n~ thun phong m tc lu i of d/tc. s mi k fi ci g c cg b ht, k fi ci g cg lm mi. Ci g c m xu th fi b, ci g c m k xu, nhng phin phc th sa i. Ci g c m tt th fi ptr thm. Ci g mi m hay th fi lm, fi b/sung. Kt lun chung: Trog g i mi hnay, TTHCM v VH v ag l n~ nh hg l cho vic xd v ptr nn VH VN tin tin, / b/sc d/tc. va l n~ TT c ngha c/lc s/sc, va c td ch o c th trog h thc tin.Nn VH c xd trn c/s kin nh CN M-L v TT HCM vs t/thn ch o l CN yu nc VN. Fi xem VH va l nn tng t/thn, va l m/tiu va l /lc of s ptr KT XH. Fi nhn thc r nn VH VN l nn VH thng nht v a dng trog c/ng d/tc VN, cho nn cn p/huy v bo tn tng b/sc VH of mi d/tc. Fi thm nhun q/im xd VH l s/nghip of ton dn trog i ng tr thc do l/o c v/tr q/trng.
II. TT HCM V /C. 1. Q/im of HCM v v/tr v s/mnh of /c /c trog q/nim of HCM c coi nh "ci gc" of cy, "ci ngun"of sng, do , theo Ng, "ng CM fi c /c, k c /c d ti gii n my cg k l/o c nd". Nh vy, /c
m HCM q/nim h/ton # vs /c of ch TD PK "u ngc xung t, chn chng ln tri". /c m Ng hg ti l /c CM, /c of g/c c/nhn, t/hin cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng, v t, thc hnh nhn, ngha, tr, dng... chng quan liu, tham , lng ph. Cn ti l gii v k/thc chuyn mn v gii v cch thc, pp v/dng kin thc vo h thc tin, lm cho ch nc li dn. Ti k c ngha l k/thc hon chnh, tuyt i, khp kn, m l 1 k/thc m, "d bt bin, ng vn bin", lun c b/sung v ptr qua thc tin CM sinh ng. Do , theo Ng, h/tp CN M-L l "h/tp ci t/thn x tr mi vic... h/tp n~ chn l ph bin of CN M-L p dng mt cch s/to vo h/c thc t of nc ta". 2. N~ p/cht /c c bn of con ng VN trog th/i mi a. Trung vs nc, hiu vs dn + Trung, hiu l n~ k/nim c trog TT /c tr/thng VN v phg ng c HCM sd v a vo n/dung mi. Trog /c tr/thng VN v phg ng, trung l trug vs vua, tc l mi ng trug vs 1 con ng; cn hiu l hiu vs cha m. Ngc li, trog TT HCM, trung l trung vs nc, trug thnh vs l/ch of /nc, of nd; cn hiu l hiu vs nd, trog c cha m mh. + Theo Q/nim of HCM, th hin lng trung vs nc, hiu vs dn, mi c/b, vin v ng dn, trn mi l/vc c/tc v ngh nghip, fi lm tt c/vic chuyn mn, hon thnh tt quyn v ngha v cng dn of mh, nghim chnh chp hnh g li, c/trg of , c/sch, P lut of NN, sng g/gi, g/b vs n~ ng x/quanh mh, thn i, gip n~ ng gp k/khn, hon nn. i vs n~ ng l/o, HCM cn y/c fi nm vng dn tnh, hiu r dn tm, li fi t/xuyn q/tm n vic ci thin dn sinh, n/cao dn tr. T/h c n~ iu , nht nh ng l/o s c dn tin, dn yu, dn knh, nht nh s to c s/mnh to ln cho CM. b. Cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t - HCM k tha n~ k/nim cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t t /c phg ng v /c tr/thng VN. Ng gi li n~ n/dung tt p, lc b n~ n/dung k cn p/hp v a vo n~ n/dung mi p/hp vs y/c of s/nghip gp d/tc v xd /nc theo con g XHCN. - Ng gii thch: + Cn tc l l cn c, sing nng, l c k/hoch v t n/sut cao. Ng nhn mnh: fi thy r l l ngha v thing ling, l ngun sng, ngun hp of c/ta. + Kim tc l tit kim sc l, tit kim th gi, tit kim tin of of dn, of nc v of bn thn mh. + Lim tc l trog sch, k tham lam, k tham tin ti, danh
vng, a v. Lim tc l lung tn trng gi gn of cng v of dn, K xm phm 1 ng xu, ht thc of N/nc, of nd + Chnh ngha l thng thn, ng n, thy vic ng d nh cg lm, thy iu sai d nh cg trnh. i vs mh, k t cao t i, lun t k/im ptr iu hay, s/cha iu gi of bn thn mh. i vs ng , k nnh ht ng trn, k xem khinh ng di; lun gi thi chn thnh, khim tn, /kt, tht th; k di tr, la lc. i vs vic, vic cng ln trn, ln trc vic nh. ph trch vic g th quyt lm cho k c, k s k/khn, nguy him. + Ch cng v t l k ngh n mh trc, lun v , v T quc, v ng bo; l t l/ch of CM, of nd ln trn ht, trc ht. Thc hnh ch cng v t cg c ngha l fi kin quyt qut sch CN c nhn. - Theo HCM, cc c tnh cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t c qh mt thit vs nhau: + Ng coi cn &kim nh 2 chn of 1 con ng, fi i i vs nhau + Ng coi cn, kim, lim, chnh l bn c of mt con ng, thiu mt c th k thnh ng. + Cn, kim, lim, chnh s dn n ch cng v t; ngc li, ch cng v t, 1 lng v nc, v dn, v , th nht nh s t/h c cn, kim, lim, chnh v c c nhiu tnh tt #. c. Yu thg, qu trng con ng - Trog TT HCM, yu thg, qu trng con ng l t/cm rng ln ginh cho mi ng dn trn tri t, trc ht l n~ ng cng kh, n~ ng l b p bc, b/lt thuc mi chng tc v mu da. - Theo HCM, t/y thg, qu trng con ng fi c th hin : + Th hin = ham mun tt bc l lm cho nc c /lp, dn c t do, mi ng ai cg c cm n, o mc, ai cg c h/hnh. + Th hin tt c cc mqh of cs (Qh vs bn b, ng ch, anh em, vs mi ng bnh thng trog cs hng ngy,...). d. T/thn qt trog sng - Theo HCM, t/thn qt trog sng l p/cht /c k th thiu c i vs mi CM v mi ng dn. Bn thn Ng l mt biu tng cao p of t/thn qt trog sng. - Trog TT HCM, t/thn qt trog sng c n/dung rng ln, s/sc. l s tn trng v thg yu tt c cc d/tc, nd cc nc, chng s hn th, bt bnh ng d/tc, p/bit chng tc; l tnh thn /kt vs cc d/tc, /kt vs nd cc nc v m/tiu h/bnh, /lp d/tc, d/ch v tin b XH. 3. N~ n/tc xd /c mi a. Ni i i vs lm, fi nu gng v /c Trog cs ta vn thng gp n~ ng ni nhiu lm t. N~ ng nh vy s lm mt nim tin v s ng h of ng # ginh cho mh.
Ng c/b, vin ni nhiu lm t li cng nguy hi. H k n~ lm gim uy tn of bn thn m cn lm /h n uy tn of , n lng tin of dn vo . - HCM g/dc mi ng ni i i vs lm, fi nu gng v /c v chnh bn thn ng t/hin iu 1 cch nghim tc v / nht. Ng ni, ha vic g l lm cho k c vic , cho d vic l to hay nh, vic q/gia i s hay vic nh nht i thng. - HCM ht sc ch trng n vic nu gng /c. Ng p/hin ra rng i vs cc d/tc phg g, 1 tm gng sng c gtr gp trm bi din vn tuyn truyn. V vy, theo Ng, nu gng fi tr thnh 1 vic lm t/xuyn of mi Ng trog XH. Trog gnh th l tm gng of ng, b, cha, m i vs con chu, anh, ch i vs em; trog nh trng th l tm gng of thy, c i vs hc tr; trog , N/nc, cc on th th l tm gng of Ng l/o, ph trch vs cc vin, nhn vin, on vin, of cp trn i vs cp di; trog XH th l tm gng of ng ny i vs ng #, mi ng soi vo nhau h/tp nhau n~ iu hay, vic tt. b. Xy i i vs chng c. Fi tu dng /c sut i *** TT nhn vn HCM 1. Tnh yu thg, lng tin v k/vng gp con ng of HCM a. Nhn thc v con ng - Trog TT HCM, con ng thng c x/xt trog cc qh XH of n. Ng vit: Ch ng, ngha hp l gnh, anh em, h hng, bu bn. Ngha rng l ng bo c nc. Rng hn l c loi ng. - Bao gi Ng cg ni n con ng l/s c th. Tu theo tng thi im, k gian l/s c th, Ng dng k/nim ny hay k/nim # ch con ng. b. Tnh yu thg con ng of HCM CN nhn vn HCM trc ht biu hin tm lng thg yu con ng, thg yu nd ht sc bao la s/sc. + Lng yu thg con ng of HCM rng m cho tt thy mi ng. l tt c n~ ng VN yu nc, k p/bit gi tr, gi trai, giu ngho, qu tin l tt c n~ ng cng kh, k p/bit chng tc v mu da. HCM yu thg ng bo, ng ch of mh, k p/bit 1 ai, k tr 1 ai. H ai l ng VN yu nc u c ch trog tm lng nhn i of Ng. Thm nhun CN qt v sn, tnh yu thg con ng of HCM cn ginh cho c n~ ng n l mt nc, n~ ng cng kh trn khp th gian; cho n~ ng da en - nn nhn of CN p/bit chng tc; cho n~ ng da trng bn cng; cho n~ ng ph n P, M c chng, con b a sang VN lm bia n, cho chnh
n~ binh lnh P, M cht ung trog cc cuc c/tranh x/lc of bn quc, TD. + Lng yu thg con ng of HCM trc sau nh mt. T/cm, TT th hin s/sc, p/ph trog sut cuc i of Ng. T khi bt u bit nhn thc v cs cho n khi trt hi th cui cng tri tim Bc lun thn thc vs nim au, ni kh of con ng. Trc lc vnh vin i xa, trog Di chc, Ng vit: /tin l v/ con ng v Cui cng, ti li mun vn tnh thn yu cho ton dn, ton , cho ton th b i, cho cc chu thanh nin v nhi ng. Ti cg gi li cho thn i n cc ng ch, cc bu bn v cc chu thanh nin, nhi ng qt. + Lng yu thg con ng of HCM k fi l lng thg hi of b trn nhn xung, cg k fi l s ng lng trc n of ng ng ngoi trng vo, m l s ng cm of n~ ng cng cnh ng. Vy nn, HCM k ng trn cao nhn xung ban n, k ng bn ngoi thng cm, m ng trog lng nd, trog lng nh/loi, p cng mt nhp tim, chia cng 1 sc sng, mang cng 1 hi thvs nd, vs d/tc v nh/loi. Tnh yu thg of Ng l tnh yu thg of ng trog cuc. c. Tin vo s/mnh, phm gi v k/nng vn ln chn, thin, m of con ng - HCM, lng yu thg con ng lun gn cht vs nim tin mnh lit vo s/mnh, phm gi, k/nng vn ln chn, thin, m of con ng. - HCM tin vo s/mnh v ch of q/chng nd. Ng vit: Trog bu tri k g qu = nd, trog TG k g mnh = LL /kt of nd; D trm ln k dn cg chu. Kh vn ln dn liu cg xong. - Ng cg lun tin vo phm gi v k/nng vn ln chn, thin, m, of con ng, d nht thi h cn thp b, lm lc. Ng ch r: Mi con ng u c thin v c trog lng. Ta fi bit lm cho phn tt trog mi con ng ny n nh hoa ma xun v phn xu b mt dn i. 2. i vs HCM, con ng va l m/tiu gp va l /lc of CM a. Con ng l m/tiu gp of s/nghip CM - Tip ni dng chy of CN nhn vn M-L, HCM x m/tiu c/lc of CM l gp d/tc, gp g/c v gp con ng, xo b mi p bc, b/lt, bt cng, em li cho nd 1 cs m no, t do, hp. - t/hin tng bc m/tiu gp con ng trn /nc mh, HCM y/c mi c/trg, g li of , c/sch, P lut of N/nc, mi vic lm of c/b, vin v ng dn u fi hg ti con ng, v con ng. - Bn thn HCM l mt tm gng mu mc v s tn tu p/v nd, q/tm, chm lo n s of mi ng.
b. Con ng l /lc of CM Vi t cch l /lc ca CM, cn fi t/c v thc tnh hng chc triu nng dn, fi thc tnh v t/c ton th GCCN. C nh vy mi to ra s/mnh to ln c th lm CM t/cng. L/s c/m, qun chng nd l LL s/to c bn, c dn l c tt c. Fi c c/lc trng ng. "V li ch 10 nm trng cy, v l/ch trm nm trng ng". X/pht t s /gi ng con ng v hiu bit con ng, theo bc cn khi dy tnh cch tt, thin ca con ng. 3. Xd con ng l c/lc hng u of CM HCM c q/im coi con ng va l m/tiu, va l /lc. Con ng c ngha c/lc ca s/nghip CM VN. Mun xd CNXH, trc ht cn c con ng XHCN. Con ng trong th/i mi fi c hc thc, chim lnh nh cao ca KHKT. V vy CNXH mi tim lc vt cht chin thng CNTB, mi lm CM t/li. Xd con ng mi fi ton din: c m/ch v l/sng cao p, c bn lnh c/tr vng vng, c chnh kin. Xd con ng c thc lm ch, t lc, t cng, gn quyn li v ngha v. Lun phn u cho c lp dt v CNXH. Con ng c nim tin v lc quan CM. Con ng c tr tu, tr/ hc vn cao, ngy cng tin b. Con ng c s/khe. Con ng c lng khoan dung, lng. D/tc ta "ch nh k chy i, k nh ng chy li". trng ng, xd con ng va c c tnh va c th ptr mi mt fi c nhiu b/php. Theo HCM, gdc l bphp q/trng nht. Cn hiu mqh gia "tnh ng" v gdc. Tnh ng vn thin v c, v y l phm tr c nho gio q/tm. HCM cho rng "tnh ng " do gio dc v n gn lin vi h thc tin ca con ng. "c ca tr em trog sch nh tm la trng. Nhum xanh th n s xanh. Nhum th n s . V vy s hc tp trong trng c /h rt ln cho tng lai ca thanh nin". Ngh quyt TW II, kha VIII (1996) c nu nh hg c/lc ptr g/dc v /to trong thi k CNH HH v n/v n nm 2000 v 2020. Cn a ngh quyt i vo cs. HCM coi trng vic ncao dn tr cho ton dt. Ng hng mi h VH, g/dc, TT vo vic r/luyn dt ta thnh dt CM v v/minh. HCM nu khu hiu: Dit gic i, dit gic dt. Bc i u trog vic khai dn tr. M cc lp xa m ch, cc lp bnh dn hc v. Ng ni: "1 d/tc dt l 1 dn tc yu". III. TT HCM V XD CON NGI MI 1. Q/nim of HCM v con ng
1.1. Con ng c nhn nhn nh mt chnh th - HCM x/xt con ng nh mt chnh th thng nht v mt tm lc, th lc v cc h of n - HCM x/xt con ng trog s thng nht of hai mt i lp: thin v c, hay v d, tt v xu,...b/gm c tnh ng - mt XH v tnh bn nng - mt sinh hc of con ng 1.2. Con ng c th, l/s - Ng dng k/nim con ng theo ngha ring nhng t trog bi cnh l/s c th v mt t duy chung - Ng x/xt con ng trog cc mqh XH, qh g/c, theo gii tnh, ngh nghip trog khi thng nht of c/ng d/tc v qh qt 1.3. B/cht con ng mang tnh XH - sinh tn con ng fi l SX, trog q/trnh con ng nhn thc c cc hin tng, quy lut of t nhin, of XH, xc lp cc mqh gia ng vs ng,... - Con ng l sn phm of XH. Theo HCM, con ng l s tng hp cc qh XH t rng n hp 2. Q/im of HCM v v/tr of con ng v c/lc trng ng 2.1. Q/im of HCM v v/tr of con ng - Con ng l vn qu nht, nh/t q/nh s t/cng of s/nghip CM + Theo HCM: trog bu tri k g qu = nd, trog TG k g mnh = LL /kt of nd + Dn ta l ti nng, tr tu, s/to + Nd l y/t q/nh t/cng of CM - Con ng va l m/tiu va l /lc of CM; fi coi trng, chm sc, p/huy nh/t con ng + HCM thy r y/c fi gp d/tc, gp con ng, gp l XH + Ng c s cm nhn, thng cm s/sc vs n~ ng cng kh, n l lm than + Mi c/trg g li c/sch of u v l/ch chnh ng of con ng + HCM c nim tin mnh lit vo s/mnh v i v n/lc s/to of q/chng + Con ng l /lc of CM c nhn nhn trn phm vi c nc, ton th ng bo song trc ht l g/c c/nhn + Con ng l /lc ch c th t/hin c khi h c t/c, c s l/o of CS 2.2. Q/im of HCM v c/lc trng ng - Trng ng l y/c k/quan, va cp bch va lu di of CM + Ng rt q/tm n s/nghip g/dc, r/luyn, /to con ng + Con ng fi c t vo v/tr trung tm of s ptr - Mun xd CNXH, trc ht cn c n~ con ng XHCN + Con ng XHCN ng nhin fi do CNXH /to ra
+ Mi bc xd con ng nh vy l mt nc thang xd CNXH + Q/nim of HCM v con ng XHCN gm hai mt g/b cht ch vs nhau: Mt l, k tha n~ gtr tt p of con ng tr/thng Hai l, h/thnh n~ p/cht mi: c TT XHCN, c /c XHCN, c tr tu bn lnh lm ch, c tc phong XHCN, c lng nhn i, v tha, lng,... - C/lc trng ng: + Bin P q/trng bc nht l g/dc /to + N/dung v pp g/dc /to fi t/din, c c, tr, th, m, fi t /c, l tng v t/cm CM, l/sng XHCN ln hng u TT v VH, /c v xd con ng mi l 1 b/phn rt q/trng trog h/thng TT HCM. TT tr thnh mt b/phn of nn VH d/tc v l ngn n pha soi ng cho c/cuc xd mt nn VH v /c mi VN. SV HC TP V LM THEO TT, TM GNG /C HCM 1. H/tp v lm theo TT /c HCM X ng v/tr, v/tr of /c i vs c nhn Kin tr tu dng theo cc p/cht /c HCM + Yu T quc + Yu nd + Yu CNXH + Yu l + Yu KH v k lut 2. N/dung h/tp theo tm gng /c HCM Di y l 1 s n/dung c bn: Mt l, hc trung vs nc, hiu vs dn, sut i /tranh cho s/nghip gp d/tc, gp g/c, gp con ng. Hai l, hc cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t, i ring trog sng, np sng gin d v c khim tn phi thng. Ba l, hc c tin tuyt i vo s/mnh of nd, knh trng nd v ht lng, ht sc p/v nd; lun nhn i, v tha, khoan dung v nhn hu vs con ng. - Bn l, hc tm gng v ch v ngh lc t/thn to ln, quyt tm vt qua mi th thch, gian nguy t c m/ch cs.
C 1: C/s, q/trnh h/thnh v ptr tt HCM. I, C/s h/thnh tt HCM. 1. Bi cnh l/s h/thnh tt HCM. 2. Ngun gc h/thnh tt HCM. II. Q/trnh h/thnh v ptr tt HCM. III. Gtr tt HCM. C 2: tt HCM v d/tc v CM gp d/tc. I. TT HCM v v/ d/tc 1. V/ d/tc thuc a 2. Mqh gia v/ d/tc v v/ g/c II. TT HCM v CM gp d/tc. 1. M/tiu of CM gp d/tc 2. CM gp d/tc mun t/li fi i theo con g CM VS. 3. CM gp d/tc trog th/i mi fi do CS l/o 4. LL of CM b/gm ton d/tc 5. CM gp d/tc cn c tin hnh ch ng s/to v c k/nng ginh t/li trc CM VS chnh quc 6. CM gp d/tc fi c tin hnh = con g CM bo lc C 3: TT HCM v CNXH & con g qu ln CNXH VN. I. TT HCM v CNXH VN. 1.Tnh tt yu of CNXH VN 2. /trng of CNXH VN. 3. Q/nim of HCM v m/tiu v /lc of CNXH II. Con g, bin P qu ln CNXH VN. 1. Con g a. Thc cht, loi hnh v of t/k qu b. N/v l/s of t/k qu ln CNXH VN c. Q/im of HCM v n/dug xd CNXH nc ta trog t/k qu . 2. Bin P III. V/dng vo c/cuc i mi C 4: TT HCM v CS VN I.Q/nim of HCM v v/tr,b/cht of CS VN. 1.V s ra i of CS VN: 2. V/tr of trog tin trnh CM. 3. B/cht of CS VN 4. Q/nim v CS VN cm quyn II. TT HCM v xd VN trog sch, vng mnh 1. Xd Quy lut tn ti v ptr of 2. N/dung c/tc xd CS VN
MC LC
C 5: TT HCM v i /kt d/tc v /kt qt. I. TT HCM V K D/TC 1. C/s h/thnh TT HCM v K d/tc. 2. V/tr of K d/tc trog s/nghip CM 3. N/dung of K d/tc 4. H/thc t/c of khi K d/tc II. TT HCM V ON KT Q/T 1. V/tr of /kt qt vs CM VN 2. N/dung v h/thc of khi K qt 3. N/tc /kt qt C 6: TT HCM v d/ch &xd NN of dn, do dn, v dn. I.Q/IM CA HCM V D/CH. 1. Q/nim of HCM v d/ch: 2. D/ch trog cc l/vc of s XH: 3. Thc hnh d/ch: II.Q/IM HCM V XD NN CA DN DO DN, V DN 1. TT HCM v 1 NN of dn, do dn, v dn 2. TT HCM v s t/nht gia b/cht g/c c/nhn vs tnh nd v tnh d/tc of N/nc 3. TT HCM v 1 NN P quyn c hiu lc P l m/m 4. TT HCM v xd NN trog sch, vng mnh, h c h/qu C 7: TT HCM v /c, VH v xd con ng mi I. TT HCM v VH 1. N~ q/im chung of HCM v VH a. K/nim VH trog TT HCM b. Q/im v xd 1 nn VH mi. 2. Q/nim of HCM v cc v/ chung of VH. a. Q/nim of HCM v v/tr, v/tr of VH trog s XH. b. Q/nim of HCM v t/cht of nn VH mi c. Q/nim of HCM v chc nng of VH 3. TT HCM v mt s l/vc chnh of VH a) VH g/dc (Cu 12) b) VH vn ngh (Cu 13) c) VH s II. TT HCM V /C. 1. Q/im of HCM v v/tr v s/mnh of /c 2. N~ p/cht /c c/bn of con ng VN trog th/i mi *** TT nhn vn HCM III. TT HCM V XD CON NG MI 1. Q/nim of HCM v con ng 2. Q/im of HCM v v/tr of con ng v c/lc trng ng SV H/TP V LM THEO TT, TM GNG /C HCM

Phao Đe Cuong HCM

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CHNG 1: C/s, q/trnh h/thnh v ptr tt HCM I, C/s h/thnh tt HCM. 1. Bi cnh l/s h/thnh tt HCM.

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