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DateInventor Or DiscovererNationality
1250Magnifying glassRoger BaconEnglish1450Printing pressJohann GutenbergGerman1504Pocket watchPeter HenleinGerman1590Zacharias JanssenDutch1593Water thermometerGalileoItalian1608TelescopeHans LippersheyDutch1625Blood transfusionJean-Baptiste DenysFrench1629Steam turbineGiovanni BrancaItalian1642Adding machineBlaise PascalFrench1643BarometerEvangelista TorricelliItalian1650Air pumpOtto von GuerickeGerman1656Pendulum clockChristiaan HuygensDutch1661MethanolRobert BoyleIrish1668Reflecting telescopeIsaac NewtonEnglish1671Calculating machineGottfried Wilhelm LeibnizGerman1698Steam pumpThomas SaveryEnglish1701Seed drillJethro TullEnglish1710PianoBartolomeo CristoforiItalian1712Steam engineThomas NewcomenBritish1714Mercury thermometerDaniel Gabriel FahrenheitGerman1717Diving bellEdmund HalleyEnglish1725StereotypingWilliam GedScottish1745E.G. von KleistGerman1752Lightning rodBenjamin FranklinAmerican1758Achromatic lensJohn DollondBritish1759Marine chronometerJohn HarrisonBritish1764Spinning jennyJames HargreavesBritish1769Spinning frameR. ArkwrightEnglish1769James WattBritish1769AutomobileNicholas-Joseph CugnotFrench1775SubmarineDavid BushnellAmerican1780Steel penSamuel HarrisonEnglish1780Bifocal lensBenjamin FranklinAmerican1783BalloonJoseph Michel Montgolfier andFrenchJacques Étienne Montgolfier 1784Threshing machineAndrew MeikleBritish1785Power loomEdmund CartwrightBritish1786SteamboatJohn FitchAmerican1788Flyball governorJames WattBritish1791Gas turbineJohn BarberBritish1792Illuminating gasWilliam MurdockScottish1793Cotton ginEli WhitneyAmerican1795Hydraulic pressJoseph BramahEnglish1796LithographyAloys SenefelderGerman1796Smallpox vaccinationEdward JennerBritish
Invention Or Discovery
CompoundmicroscopeLeyden jar (condenser)Steam engine (withseparate condenser)
1799Louis RobertFrench1800Jacquard loomJoseph Marie JacquardFrench1800Electric batteryCount Alessandro VoltaItalian1801Pattern loomJoseph Marie JacquardFrench1804Screw propellerJohn StevensAmerican1804Solid-fuel rocketWilliam CongreveBritish1804Steam locomotiveRichard TrevithickBritish1805ElectroplatingLuigi Gasparo BrugnatelliItalian1810François AppertFrench1810Printing pressFrederick KoenigGerman1814Railroad locomotiveGeorge StephensonBritish1815Safety lampSir Humphry DavyBritish1816Bicycle (no pedals)Karl D. SauerbronnGerman1819StethoscopeRené-Théophile-Hyacinthe LaënnecFrench1820HygrometerJ.F. DaniellEnglish1820GalvanometerJohann Salomo Cristoph SchweiggerGerman1821Electric motorMichael FaradayBritish1823SiliconJöns Jakob BerzeliusSwedish1823ElectromagnetWilliam SturgeonBritish1824Portland cementJoseph AspdinBritish1827Friction matchJohn WalkerBritish1829W.A. BurtAmerican1829Braille printingLouis BrailleFrench1830Platform scalesThaddeus FairbanksAmerican1830Sewing machineBarthélemy ThimonnierFrench1831Phosphorus matchCharles SauriaFrench1831ReaperCyrus Hall McCormickAmerican1831DynamoMichael FaradayBritish1834Electric streetcarThomas DavenportAmerican1835Pistol (revolver)Samuel ColtAmerican1837TelegraphSamuel Finley Breese MorseAmericanSir Charles WheatstoneBritish1838Morse codeSamuel Finley Breese MorseAmerican1839PhotographyLouis Jacques Mandé Daguerre andFrenchBritish1839Vulcanized rubberCharles GoodyearAmerican1839Steam hammerJames NasmythScottish1839Bicycle (with pedals)Kirkpatrick MacMillanBritish1845Pneumatic tireRobert William ThompsonAmerican1846Rotary printing pressRichard March HoeAmerican1846NitroglycerinAscanio SobreroItalian1846GuncottonChristian Friedrich SchönbeinGerman1846EtherCrawford Williamson LongAmerican1849Reinforced concreteF.J. MonierFrench1849Safety pinWalter HuntAmerican1849Water turbineJames Bicheno FrancisAmericanFourdrinier machine(papermaking)Food preservation (bysterilization andexclusion of air)Typewriter
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Joseph Nicéphore Niepce WilliamHenry Fox Talbot
1850Mercerized cottonJohn MercerBritish1851Breech-loading rifleEdward MaynardAmerican1851OpthalmoscopeGerman1852Nonrigid airshipHenri GiffardFrench1852Elevator (with brake)Elisha Graves OtisAmerican1852GyroscopeJean Bernard Léon FoucaultFrench1855Hypodermic syringeAlexander WoodScottish1855Safety matchesJ.E. LundstromSwedish1856Sir Henry BessemerBritish1858HarvesterCharles and William MarshAmerican1859SpectroscopeGustav Robert Kirchhoff andGermanRobert Wilhelm Bunsen1860Gas engineJean-Joseph-Étienne LenoirFrench1861Richard March HoeAmerican1861Electric furnaceWilhelm SiemensBritish1861Machine gunRichard Jordan GatlingAmerican1861KinematoscopeColeman SellersAmerican1865Antiseptic surgeryJoseph ListerEnglish1866Benjamin Chew TilghmanAmerican1866DynamiteAlfred Bernhard NobelSwedish1868Dry cellGeorges LeclanchéFrench1868Typewriter Carlos Glidden andAmericanChristopher Latham Sholes1868Air brakeGeorge WestinghouseAmerican1870CelluloidJohn Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah HyattAmerican1871Zénobe-Théophile GrammeBelgian1874Quadruplex telegraphThomas Alva EdisonAmerican1876Alexander Graham BellAmericanAntonio MeucciItalian1877Nikolaus August OttoGerman1877Thomas Alva EdisonAmerican1877MicrophoneEmile BerlinerAmerican1877Electric weldingElihu ThomsonAmerican1877Refrigerator carG.F. SwiftAmerican1878Cream separatorCarl Gustav de LavalSwedish1878Cathode ray tubeSir William CrookesBritish1879Cash registerJames J. RittyAmerican1879Thomas Alva EdisonAmericanSir Joseph Wilson SwanBritish1879Karl BenzGerman1879Arc lampCharles Francis BushAmerican1880LinotypeOttmar MergenthalerAmericanHermann Ludwig Ferdinand vonHelmholtzBessemer converter (steel)Web-fed newspaper printing pressPaper (from woodpulp, sulfite process)Continuous currentdynamoTelephone
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Internal-combustionengine (four-cycle)Talking machine(phonograph)Incandescent filamentlampAutomobile engine(two-cycle)
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