oughtto
govern
our
relation
with
allbeings,humans
inflict
suffering
on
n o n ~
humans
for
trivial
purposes,andweshallsee
how
generation
after
generation
of
Westernthinkershas
sought
todefendthe
right
of
humans
to
do
this.
Even
if
we
gosofar
as
theBibleandtheancients
of
GreeceVerse29Igenesissuggests
thatat
first
Manlivedonherbsandfruits
of
thetrees.andhas
often
beenpictured
as
ascene
of
perfectpeace,in
whichkilling
of
any
kind
would
havebeen
out
of
place,Manruled,
but
in
this
earthly
paradise,
he
wasabenevolentdespot.
After
thefall
of
man.
killing
animals
clearly
waspermissible,GodhimselfclothedAdamand
Eve
inanimalskins
before
driving
them
out
of
theGarden
of
Eden.ThenthedelugeandNoah
towhom
allcreatureshavebeendelivered
into
hishandsand
that
he
has
divine
permission
to
kill
andeatthem.ThisistheHebrew
writings
towards
non-humans.Thesecondancient
tradition
of
Western
thought
isthat
of
Greece.Herewehave
conflicting
tendencies.Pythagoras
was
avegetarianandencouragedallhis
followers
totreatallanimals
with
respect.
apparently
becausehebelievedthatthesoul
of
thedeadmigrated
to
animals.ThencamePlatoandhis
pupilAristotle,not
only
theyhad
not
the
slightestconsideration
for
animals
but
none
eilher
forafreeman
who
hadlesser
amount
of
reasoningpower.Nature.
theythought.
isessentiallya
hierarchy
in
which
those
with
lessreasoning
ability
exist
for
the
salce
of
those
wilh
more.
After
theGreekswehavetheRomans
who
foralong
time
Intheirfamousgameskilledbeastsandhumans
with
equal
ferocity
andpleasure.Therewereandtheleare
leligions,
especiallyIntheEast
which
have
laughtthat
all
life
issacred
butChristianity
spreadtheidea
that
everyhuman
life
and
only
humanlifeissacred;so
while
the
attitudetowards
humanbeings
was
softened.
attitudetowards
animalsremainedcallousand
brutal
as
it
wasinRomantimes.Infact
il
wasworsebecausetherehadbeena
few
Romans
likeOvid.
SenecaProphiryandespeciallyPlutarch
who
had
shown
compassionandadvocateda
kindtreatment
to
animalsontheground
of
universal
behaviour.
There
werefewChristian
saints
who
hadsometimesfeelingsforanimals
butthey
madenoimpact.Wehad
10
wait
nearly
1800
yearsbeforeany
Christian
writer
botheredaboutthecausedearto
our
hearts.
At
least
now,
mostcountrieshave
an
S,P.C.A.But
this
isnoanswer,noremedyby
failing
to
attackthemajor
kindof
crueltytoanimals;thesegroupshave
allowed
the
public
todelude
itself
thatalliswell.The
difficultywith
theanimals
was
andis
that
they
cannot
act
as
apressure
group
to
get
their
rights
andhave
to
depend
entirely
onus.
To
allow
someimprovements
to
bemadeandtolast.weneedLaws.NationalandInternational,
that
sanctiontheruthless
exploitation
of
non-humansforhumanends.Wemusthavearadicalbreak
with
morethanthousands
of
years
of
Western
thoughtabout
ilnimals.
Itwill
come
but
when?
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