Đo khống chế nhiệt độ 4 điểm giao tiếp máy tính

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh
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MC LC
MC LC....................................................................................................................................2
PHN I: L THUYT..................................................................................................................4
CHNG I: GIAO TIP MY TNH...........................................................................................4
1.1.Tng quan v giao tip my tnh......................................................................................4
1.2. Giao tip qua cng ni tip .............................................................................................5
1.2.1. Cu trc cng ni tip ( cng COM).........................................................................5
1.2.2. Cc chun giao tip ni tip......................................................................................6
1.2.3. Cc c tnh k thut ca chun RS-232:................................................................7
1.2.4. nh dng d liu:.....................................................................................................7
1.2.5. Truyn thng ni tip ca 89C51: ............................................................................8
1.2.6. Ni ghp 89C51 vi RS232:.....................................................................................9
1.2.7. S dng Visual Basic trong iu khin.....................................................................9
CHNG II: VI IU KHIN...................................................................................................12
2.1. Tng quan v vi iu khin............................................................................................12
2.2. Vi iu khin 89C51.......................................................................................................12
2.2.1. Gii thiu h MCS51:..............................................................................................12
2.2.2. Cu trc phn cng ca vi iu khin 89C51........................................................13
2.2.3. S lc v tp lnh 89C51 : .................................................................................15
2.2.4. Hot ng nh thi.................................................................................................15
2.2.5. hot ng ca port ni tip 8051............................................................................17
2.2.6. Hot ng ngt ca 8051........................................................................................19
PHN II: ...................................................................................................................................20
THIT K V THI CNG MCH.............................................................................................20
CHNG I: THIT K V PHN TCH MCH......................................................................20
1.1.Nhim v thit k:...........................................................................................................20
1.1.1.S khi mch......................................................................................................20
1.1.2. Nhim v tng khi:................................................................................................21
1.2. B cm bin:..................................................................................................................21
1.2.1. Mt s tnh cht c bn ca LM35:.......................................................................21
1.2.2. Thit k c th mch cm bin dng LM35:...........................................................22
1.3. Thit k b chuyn i ADC..........................................................................................23
1.3.1. khi nim chung .....................................................................................................23
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1.3.2. Gii thiu IC ADC 0809..........................................................................................23
1.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng:..............................................................................................27
1.3.4. Cc phng php chuyn i AD..........................................................................29
1.4. Giao tip my tinh..........................................................................................................32
1.2.1. Gii thiu IC MAX232............................................................................................32
1.2.2. S chn MAX232:..............................................................................................33
CHNG II: THI CNG MCH...............................................................................................35
2.1. S nguyn l:............................................................................................................35
2.2. S mch in:...............................................................................................................36
2.3. S b tr linh kin......................................................................................................37
2.4. Dao din Visual Basic....................................................................................................38
2.5. Lu gii thut vi iu khin.......................................................................................39
2.6. Lu gii thut visual basic........................................................................................42
2.7. Trng trnh vi iu khin ............................................................................................44
PHN III....................................................................................................................................51
KT LUN.................................................................................................................................51
TI LIU THAM KHO.............................................................................................................52
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PHN I: L THUYT
CHNG I: GIAO TIP MY TNH
1.1.
Tng quan v giao tip my tnh

c th tin hnh iu khin hoc gim st cc qu trnh thc hin bng my
tnh, trc ht phi c mi lin h cn thit gia my tnh v th gii bn ngoi. Cng
giao lu vi th gii bn ngoi c m rng bng giao din.i vi my tnh PC tun
theo chun cng nghip c th thc hin cc kh nng ghp ni sau:
S dng card m rng c cm vo my tnh ( phng php ny t c tc
truy nhp ln nht nhng chi ph cao)
Cc giao din c tiu chun ha ng vai tr ghp ni my tnh vi cc
mch in bn ngoi.Cch ghp ni qua cng ni tip thng c la chn v chi ph
thp.
Ghp ni vi mt b vi x l ring thc hin nhng bi ton khc m khng
cn trao i d liu vi my tnh.
Cc giao din c trn my tnh PC nh giao din ni tip,giao din song song v
c cng tr chi (game port) cho php s dng trc tip lm giao din.
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1.2.
Giao tip qua cng ni tip
1.2.1. Cu trc cng ni tip ( cng COM)

Cng ni tip c cc u im sau:
Khong cch truyn xa hn cng song song.
S dy kt ni t.
C th truyn khng dy dng hng ngoi.
C th ghp ni vi vi iu khin hay PLC.
Cho php ni mng.
C th tho lp thit b trong lc my tnh ang lm vic.
C th cung cp ngun cho cc mch in n gin.
Cng COM c hai loi: loi 9 chn v loi 25 chn.
S chn:
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1.2.2. Cc chun giao tip ni tip

Thng s dng nhiu nht l chun RS-232 v RS-485. n ny ch s
dng chun RS-232.
Chun RS-232: Tn hiu truyn theo chun RS-232 ca EIA (Electronics
Industry Associations). Chun RS-232 qui nh mc logic 1 ng vi in p t -3V n
-25V, mc logic 0 ng vi in p t 3V n 25V v c kh nng cung cp dng t
10mA n 20mA. Ngoi ra, tt c cc ng ra u c c tnh chng chp mch.
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Chun RS-232 cho php truyn tn hiu vi tc n 20.000 bps nhng nu cp truyn
ngn c th ln n 115.200 bps. Chun RS-232 ch c th kt ni nhiu nht hai
thit b, vi khong cch di nht (12,7 m n 25,4 m).
Chun RS-485: c th kt ni ti a l 32 thit b, khong cch di hn ti a l
(1016m n hn 1km) gp 40 ln RS-232. Tc cao 10Mbs/s.
1.2.3. Cc c tnh k thut ca chun RS-232:
Cc tc truyn d liu thng dng trong cng ni tip l: 1200bps, 4800bps,

9600bps, 19200 bps.
1.2.4. nh dng d liu:
Sau y gii thiu v cch nh dng dng trong truyn thng ni tip.
- nh dng ng b: Trong truyn ng b, mi thit b dng mt xung ng h
c pht ra bi mt thit b hoc t mt ngun xung ngoi. Xung ng h c th c
mt tn s c nh hoc c th cht ti nhng khong thi gian khng u. Mi bt
truyn i c ng b vi ng h.
- nh dng khng ng b: Trong truyn khng ng b, lin kt khng bao
gm ng xung ng h, bi v mi im u cui ca lin kt c xung ng h
cho ring tng ci. Mi im s cn phi ng cng mt tn s ca ng h v mi
ng h ch khc nhau mt vi %. Mi byte truyn i bao gm bt Start ng b
ng h v mt hoc nhiu bt Stop cho tn hiu kt thc vic truyn trong mi mt t
c truyn i. Cng RS-232 trong PC dng nh dng khng ng b giao tip vi
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modems (thit b m ho, gii m d liu) v cc thit b khc. D RS-232 c th truyn

d liu ng b nhng lin kt khng ng b vn c dng ph bin 485 hn.
1.2.5. Truyn thng ni tip ca 89C51:
Truyn thng ni tip s dng hai phng php ng b v d b. Phng php
ng b truyn mt khi d liu ( cc k t) ti cng thi im trong khi truyn d
b ch truyn tng byte mt. C th vit phn mm s dng mt trong hai phng
php ny.
Truyn d liu bn cng v song cng:
D liu truyn c th va pht v va thu gi l truyn song cng. Truyn song
cng c th c hai loi l bn song cng v song cng hon ton ph thuc vo truyn
d liu c th xy ra ng thi khng? Nu d liu c truyn theo mt ng ti mt
thi im th c gi l truyn bn song cng. Nu d liu c th i hai ng cng
mt lc th gi l song cng ton phn. Tt nhin, truyn song cng i hi hai ng
d liu, mt pht v mt thu d liu cng mt lc
Truyn thng ni tip d b v ng khung d liu:
Truyn thng d liu ni tip d b c s dng rng ri cho cc php truyn
hng k t, cn cc b truyn d liu theo khi th s dng phng php ng b.
Trong phng php d b, mi k t uc b tr gia cc bit bt u (start) v bit dng
(stop). Cng vic ny gi l ng gi d liu. Trong ng gi d liu i vi truyn
thng d b th d liu l cc k t m ASCII uc ng gi gia mt bit bt u v mt
bit dng. Bit bt u lun lun ch l mt bit, cn bit dng c th l mt hoc hai bit. Bit
bt u lun l bit thp (0) v cc bit dng lun l cc bit cao (1).
Trong mt s h thng nhm duy tr tnh ton vn ca d liu th ngi ta cn
thm mt bit l (parity bit). iu ny c ngha l i vi mi k t ta c thm mt bit
ngoi cc bit start v stop.
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1.2.6. Ni ghp 89C51 vi RS232:

Ni dung chnh ca phn ny l ni v ni ghp 89C51 vi cc u ni RS232 thng qua chip
MAX232.
Cc chn RxD v TxD trong 89C51.

89C51 c hai chn c dng chuyn cho truyn v nhn d liu ni tp. Hai chn ny
c gi l TxD v RxD v l mt phn ca cng P3 ( P3.0 v P3.1). Chn 11 ca
89C51 l P3.1 c gn cho TxD v chn 10 (P3.0) c dng cho RxD. Cc chn ny
tng thch vi mc logic TTL. Do vy chng i hi mt b iu khin ng truyn
chng tng thch vi RS232. Mt b iu khin nh vy l chip MAX232.
B iu khin ng truyn MAX232:
+
+
C
1
C
21
Vc
c 16
T1II
R1OU
1
N
2
T2II
T
12
R2
N OU
0
9
T 1
TTL
5
side
C
3
C
+
4
2
6
T1OU
R1II
T
T2OU
1
1
+
4
3
R2
T II
805P3.1
11
TxD 1
1
P3.0 1
0
RxD
2
3
Max232
5 2 5
4 2
DB 9
8
RS232
side
Hnh 1.3.6
a) S bn trong ca MAX232
b) S ni ghp ca MAX232 vi 89C51
MAX232 chuyn i t cc mc in p RS232 s v mc in p TTL v ngc li.

Mt im mnh ca chip MAX232 l n dng in p ngng +5V cng vi in p
ngun ca 89C51.
1.2.7. S dng Visual Basic trong iu khin
S dng MSComm
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MSComm l yu cu iu khin cho thng tin trn cng ni tip

Tnh cht
MSComm:c mt s tnh cht lin kt.Tnh cht lin h ti cu hnh ca port,truyn d
liu,s dng tn hiu bt tay,v nhn ra iu khin
Cu trc:
CommID: tra li vic iu khin khi nhn ra thit b
Commport: t v tr li v tr ca port
Inbuffersize: t v tr li kch thc ca b m.(bng byte)
Inputlen: t v tr li nhng con s hoc nhng k t ng vo s c
Inputmode:t v tr li kiu d liu.(dng ch hay nh phn)tr li bng ng vo
hay c ng ng ra
Nulldiscard:xc nh k t c rng hay khng.(Chr.(0).) c truyn t port
ti b m nhn hoc c b qua
Outbuffersize:t v tr li kch thc ca b m truyn (khong 512 byte)
Parityreplace:kim tra c chn l
Portopen: t v tr li trng thi ca port.(gi tr boolean)
Rthreshold:t v tr li mt s hoc k t ti b nhn trc khi so snh ti
comEvReceive
Settings:t v tr li t truyn,c chn l v d liu v bit stop
Sthreshold:t v tr li s hoc k t nh nht trong b m truyn trc khi so snh
vi comevsend
Phn truyn d liu:
Commevent:tr li hu ht cc s kin hoc li gn y
Inbuffercount:tr li mt s hay k t trong b m truyn
Input:tr li v xo d liu t b m truyn
Outbuffercount:tr li mt s hoc mt k t trong b m truyn
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Output:ghi d liu ra b m truyn

Phn iu khin c s bt tay
Break:t hoc xo i tn hiu b hng
Cdholding:tr li trng thi ca CD
CTSHoding:tr li trng thi ca CTS
DSRHolding:tr li trng thi ca DSR
DTREnable:t hoc xo DTR
Handshaking:t v tr li chun bt tay
RTSEnable:t v xo RTS
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CHNG II: VI IU KHIN

2.1.
Tng quan v vi iu khin

B vi iu khin vit tt l micro-controller, l mch tch hp trn 1 chip c th
lp trnh c, dng iu khin hot ng ca mt h thng

Trong cc thit b in v in t dn dng , cc b vi iu khin iu khin hot
ng ca tivi, my git, l vi baTrong h thng sn xut t ng, b vi iu khin
c s dng trong Robot, dy chuyn t ng. Cc h thng cng thng minh th vai
tr ca h thng vi iu khin cng quan trng.
2.2.
Vi iu khin 89C51
2.2.1. Gii thiu h MCS51:

MCS51 l mt h IC vi iu khin (Microcontroller ) do hng Intel sn xut. Cc
IC tiu biu cho h MCS51 l 8051 v 8031. c bit, vi iu khin 89C51 c sn
xut gn y mang cc c im sau:
- 4 Kbytes ROM.
- 28 bytes RAM.
- ports I/O (Input/Output).
- 2 b nh thi (timer) 16 bits.
- Giao tip ni tip.
- 64 Kbytes khng gian b nh chng trnh m rng.
- 64 Kbytes khng gian b nh d liu m rng.
- Mt b x l lun l (thao tc trn cc bit n).
- 210 bits c a ch ha.
- B nhn chia 4 s.
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2.2.2. Cu trc phn cng ca vi iu khin 89C51

2.2.2.1. S khi ca mt vi x l
2.2.2.2. S lc v cc chn ca 8951:

C 8951 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp. Trong c
24 chn c cng dng kp, mi ng c th hot ng nh ng xut nhp hoc nh
ng iu khin hoc l thnh phn ca bus d liu v bus a ch.
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H thng giao tip port:
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2.2.3. S lc v tp lnh 89C51 :

Tp lnh 8951 c 255 lnh gm 139 lnh 1 byte, 92 lnh 2 byte v 24 lnh 3
byte.
2.2.3.1 Cc ch a ch:
a ch thanh ghi , a ch trc tip , a ch gin tip , a ch tc thi , a ch
tng i , a ch tuyt i , a ch di
2.2.3.2. Cc nhm lnh ca 89C51:
8051 chia ra 5 nhm chnh:
Cc lnh s hc:
Lnh logic
Dch chuyn d liu
X l bit
R nhnh chng trnh
2.2.4. Hot ng nh thi
8051 c hai b nh thi 16 bit, mi b c 4 ch hot ng ; c dng :
nh thi trong mt khong thi gian.
m s kin.
To tc baud cho port ni tip ca chip 8051.
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Cc b nh thi ca 8051 c truy xut bng cch s dng 6 thanh ghi chc nng c
bit.
SFR ca b
Mc ch
a ch
nh thi
nh a
ch bit
TCON
iu khin
88H
TMOD
Chn ch
89H
Khng
TL0
Byte thp ca b nh thi 0
8AH
Khng
TL1
Byte cao ca b nh thi 1
8BH
Khng
TH0
8CH
Khng
TH1
8DH
Khng
T2CON
iu khin b nh thi 2
C8H
RCAP2L
Nhn byte thp ca b nh thi 2
CAH
Khng
RCAP2H
Nhn byte cao ca b nht hi 2
CBH
Khng
TL2
CCH
Khng
TH2
CDH
Khng
Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit ca b nh thi

Cc ch nh thi
a)Ch timer 13-bit (ch 0)
b) Ch timer 16-bit (ch 1)
c) Ch timer 8 bit t np li tr u (ch 2)
d) Ch nh thi chia s (ch 3)
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2.2.5. hot ng ca port ni tip 8051.

Phn cng truy xut ti Port ni tip qua cc chn TxD (P3.1) v RxD (P3.0).
Hai thanh ghi chc nng c bit cung cp cho phn mm truy xut n Port ni
tip l SBUF v SCON. S m Port ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H l 2 s m tht s:
Ghi ln SBUF (np d liu pht) v c SBUF (truy xut d liu nhn). y l hai
thanh ghi ring bit v r rt, v thanh ghi pht ch ghi cn thanh ghi thu ch c
SM0 SM1 MODE M T
TC BAUD
Thanh ghi dch
C nh (tn s dao ng/12)
UART 8 bit
Thay i (thit lp bi b nh thi)
UART 9 bit
C nh (tn s dao ng /12 hoc /
UART 9 bit
64)
Thay i (thit lp bi b nh thi)
Cc ch hot ng ca port ni tip
Trc khi dng Port ni tip, SCON phi c nh ng ch . VD: khi

to Port ni tip ch 1 (SM0/SM1 = 0/1), cho php thu (REN = 1), v set c ngt ca
vic pht sn sng hot ng (TI = 1), ta dng lnh sau :
MOV SCON, #01010010H.
Port ni tip ca 8051 c 4 mode hot ng ty thuc theo trng thi ca
SM0/SM1.
Ba trong 4 mode cho php truyn ng b vi mi k t thu hoc pht s c
b tr bi bit Start hoc bit Stop.
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Tc Baud ca Port ni tip:

Tc Baud ca Port ni tip c nh mode 0 v mode 2. Trong mode 0 n
lun lun l tn s dao ng trn Chip chia cho 12. Thng thng thch anh 12 MHz li
dao ng trn Chip 8051 nn tc Baud ca mode 0 l 1MHz.
Bng s mc nh sau khi reset h thng, tc Baud mode 2 l tn s dao ng
chia cho 64, tc Baud cng b nh hng bi bit SMOD ca thanh ghi PCON.
Vic set bit SMOD s tng gp i tc Baud trong cc mode 1,2 v 3. Trong
mode 2, tc Baud c th c tng gp i t gi tr mc nh 1/64 tn s dao ng
trn Chip (ng vi SMOD = 0 ) ln n 1/32 tn s dao ng trn Chip ( ng vi
SMOD = 1)
V thanh ghi PCON khng c nh a ch bit, nn set bit SMOD m khng
thay i cc bit khc ca thanh ghi PCON th i hi phi c 1 hot ng c b sung
ghi
Cc lnh sau y s set bit SMOD:
MOV A, PCON
;Nhp vo A gi tr hin hnh ca PCON
SETB ACC, 7
;Set bit 7 ca ACC (bit SMOD)
MOV PCON, A
;Ghi gi tr tr v PCON m SMOD c set.
Cc tc Baud trong mode 1 v mode 3 ca 8051 c xc nh bi tc trn

ca timer 1. Bi v timer hot ng tn s cao lin tc nn trn xa hn na c chia
cho 32 (chia cho 16 nu SMOD =1) trc khi cung cp xung clock tc Baud n Port
ni tip. Tc Baud mode 1 v 3 ca 8051 c xc nh bi tc trn ca timer 1
hoc timer 2, hoc c hai.
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2.2.6. Hot ng ngt ca 8051.

Ngt l mt s c c iu kin m n gy ra s ngng li tm thi ca chng
trnh phc v mt chng trnh khc. Cc ngt ng vai tr quan trng trong vic
thit k v hin thc cc ng dng ca b vi iu khin , n c th tm thi treo vic
thc thi ca chng trnh chnh thc thi chng trnh khc v sau quay li chng
trnh chnh.
Khi chng trnh chnh ang thc thi m c mt s ngt xy n th chng trnh
chnh ngng thc thi v r nhnh n th tc phc v ngt ISP (Interrupt Service
Routine). ISR thc thi thc hin hot ng v kt thc vi lnh RETI: chng trnh
tip tc ni m n dng li
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PHN II:
THIT K V THI CNG MCH
CHNG I: THIT K V PHN TCH MCH
1.1. Nhim v thit k:
Nhim v cn thc hin l thit k mt mch o nhit t 0oC 99oC v khng ch
nhit . Vy yu cu t ra y l:
+ Thit k b cm bin nhit .
+ Thit k b chuyn i tng t sang s.
+ Thit k b giao tip.
+ Vit chng trnh iu khin.
1.1.1. S khi mch
Khi
chuyn
tn hiu
tng t
sang s
Khi cm
bin
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Khi vi
iu khin
Khi giao
tip my
tnh
Khi
khuch
i
Khi Ti
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1.1.2. Nhim v tng khi:

Khi vi x l: iu hnh mi hot ng ca h thng.
Khi giao tip my tinh: Khi ny c nhim v l nhn tn hiu t ngoi a
vo x l v nhn tn hiu t vi x l iu khin ng ngt cc thit b.
Khi cm bin: c nhim v l o lng nhit t mi trng xung quanh.
Khi ADC: chuyn i tn hiu t tng t sang s.
Khi thit b: l cc dng c c diu khin nh my si, my lnh
1.2.
B cm bin:
o nhit c chnh xc, tt nhin cn c mt u d thch hp. u d l
mt cm bin nhit c nhim v vn chuyn t nhit qua tn hiu in. C rt

nhiu loi cm bin nh gii thiu chng V. Nhng da vo l thuyt v thc t ca
mch cn thit k ta dng phng php o bng IC cm bin nhit . Cc IC cm bin
nhit c chnh xc cao, d tm v gi thnh r. Mt trong s l IC LM35, l loi
thng dng trn th trng hin nay, ng thi n c nhng c tnh lm vic ph hp
vi thit k chi tit ca mch.
1.2.1. Mt s tnh cht c bn ca LM35:
LM35 c bin thin theo nhit : 10mV / 1oC.
chnh xc cao, tnh nng cm bin nhit rt nhy, nhit 25oC n c sai s
khng qu 1%. Vi tm o t 0oC 128oC, tn hiu ng ra tuyn tnh lin tc vi nhng
thay i ca tn hiu ng vo.
Thng s k thut:
Tiu tn cng sut thp.
Dng lm vic t 400A 5mA.
Dng ngc 15mA.
Dng thun 10mA.
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chnh xc: khi lm vic nhit 25oC vi dng lm vic 1mA th in p

ng ra t 2,94V 3,04V.
c tnh in:
Theo thng s ca nh sn xut LM35, quan h gia nhit v in p
ng ra nh sau:
Vout = 0,01 ToK
= 2,73 + 0,01ToC.
Vy ng vi tm hot ng t 0oC 100oC ta c s bin thin in p ng ra l:
0oC th in p ng ra Vout = 2,73 (V).

Tm bin thin in p tng ng vi nhit t 0oC - 100oC l 1V.
1.2.2. Thit k c th mch cm bin dng LM35:
+ S mch :
+5V
Vout
LM35
VR
+ Tnh ton v chn linh kin:

Ta c:
400A < IR < 5mA.
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400A <
5 V0
< 5 m
R
5 V0
5 V0
<R<
400 A
5mA
V:
2,73V Vo 3,73
Nn: 254 < R < 5,7 k
(1)
Mt khc, theo thng s ca nh sn xut in p trn LM35 ti Tc =

25oC, IR = 1mA th Vo = 2,98 (V), ta c:
400A <
5 2,98
< 5mA
R
T (1) v (2): chn R = 2,2 k

chn bin tr chnh offset VR = 15 k.
1.3.
Thit k b chuyn i ADC
1.3.1. khi nim chung

Ngy nay vic truyn t tn hiy cng nh qu trnh iu khin v ch th phn
ln c thc hin theo phng php s. Trong khi tn hiu t nhin c dng tng
t nh: nhit , p sut, cng nh sng, tc quay, tn hiu m thanh kt
ni gia ngun tn hiu tng t vi cc h thng x l s ngi ta dng cc mch
chuyn i tng t sang s(ADC) nhm bin i tn hiu tng t sang s hoc trong
trng hp ngc li cn bin i tn hiu s sang tng t thi dng cc mch DAC
(Digital Analog Converter).
1.3.2. Gii thiu IC ADC 0809
B ADC 0809 l mt thit b CMOS tch hp vi mt b chuyn i t tng t
sang s 8 bit, b chn 8 knh v mt b logic iu khin tng thch. B chuyn i
AD 8 bit ny dng phng php chuyn i xp x tip. B chn knh c th truy xut
bt knh no trong cc ng vo tng t mt cnh c lp.
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
Thit b ny loi tr kh nng cn thit iu chnh im 0 bn ngoi v kh nng

iu chnh t s lm trn ADC 0809 d dng giao tip vi cc b vi x l.
* S chn ADC 0809:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
* ngha cc chn:
Pin
Khng c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Chc nng
u vo tng t chn
Bt u chuyn i, u vo pin, mc thp xung cao

c a ra
Kt thc chuyn i, sn lng pin, i thp khi chuyn
i kt thc
Bit u ra k thut s 4
Pin u vo thp xung cao mang li d liu chn
ra t s ng k ni b kt thc chuyn i
ng h u vo, cung cp ng h bn ngoi
Cung cp in p; 5V
in p tch cc tham kho
Ground () v)
Bit u ra k thut s
in p tiu cc tham chiu
Sn lng bit s
a ch cht cho php u vo pin, xung thp n cao l

cn thit cht a ch
a ch ng
u vo tng t
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Tn
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
SC
EOC
D3
u ra cho
php
ng h
u vo
VCC
Vref (+)
GND
D1
D2
Vref (-)
D0
D4
D5
D6
D7
ALE
AddressC
AddressB
AddressA
IN0
IN1
IN2
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
* Cc c im caADC 0809:
o phn gii 8 bit
o Tng sai s cha chnh nh LSB; 1 LSB
o Thi gian chuyn i: 100s tn s 640 kHz
o Ngun cung cp + 5V
o in p ng vo 0 5V
o Tn s xung clock 10kHz 1280 kHz
o Nhit hot ng - 40oC n 85oC
o D dng giao tip vi vi x l hoc dng ring
o Khng cn iu chnh zero hoc y thang
*Biu thi gian:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
1.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng:

ADC 0809 c 8 ng vo tng t, 8 ng ra 8 bit c th chn 1 trong 8 ng vo
tng t chuyn i sang s 8 bit.
Cc ng vo c chn bng cch gii m. Chn 1 trong 8 ng vo tng t
c thc hin nh 3 chn ADDA , ADDB , ADDC nh bng trng thi sau
A
Ng vo c chn
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5
IN6
IN7
Sau khi kch xung start th b chuyn i bt u hot ng cnh xung ca

xung start, ng ra EOC s xung mc thp sau khong 8 xung clock (tnh t cnh xung
ca xung start). Lc ny bit c trng s ln nht (MSB) c t ln mc 1, tt c cc
bit cn li mc 0, ng thi to ra in th c gi tr Vref/2, in th ny c so snh
vi in th vo in.
+ Nu Vin > Vref/2 th bit MSB vn mc 1.
+ Nu Vin < Vref/2 th bit MSB vn mc 0.
Tng t nh vy bit k tip MSB c t ln 1 v to ra in th c gi tr
Vref/4 v cng so snh vi in p ng vo Vin. Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy cho n
khi xc nh c bit cui cng. Khi chn EOC ln mc 1 bo cho bit kt thc
chuyn i.
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
Trong sut qu trnh chuyn i chn OE c t mc 1, mun c d liu ra

chn OE xung mc 0.
Trong sut qu trnh chuyn i nu c 1 xung start tc ng th ADC s ngng
chuyn i.
M ra N cho mt ng vo ty l mt s nguyn.
Trong
Vin: in p ng vo h so snh.
Vref(+): in p ti chn REF(+).
Vref(-): in p ti chn REF(-).
Vin
Nu chn Vref(-) = 0 th N = 256. V
ref (+ )
Vref(+) = Vcc = 5V th y thang l 256.

Gi tr bc nh nht
1 LSB =
5
= 0,0196 V/byte
2 1
8
Vy vi 256 bc Vin = 5V.

Ap vo ln nht ca ADC 0809 l 5V.
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1.3.4. Cc phng php chuyn i AD

Phng php tch phn (Intergration method)
Phng php tch phn cng ging nh phng php chuyn i ADC dng tn
hiu dc i (Dual-Slope-ADC). Cu trc mch in n gin hn nhng tc chuyn
i chm.
C
Vin
R
_
Vref
in p
chun
_
+
+
Mch tch
phn
Mch so snh
Mch logic iu
Clock
khin
Start
B m
Ng ra so
Hnh .S nguyn l c bn ca mch chuyn i AD dng phng php tch phn

* Hot ng
-Khi c xung start mch m a v trng thi reset. Mch logic iu khin kha K v
tri 1, in p tng t Vin c np vo t in C vi thi hng t1 tn hiu ng ra ca
mch tch phn gim dn,v cho n khi nh hn 0V th ng ra ca b so snh ln mc
1,do mch logic iu khin m cng cho xung clock vo mch m. Sau khong thi
gian t1 mch m trn mch logic iu khin kha K v tr 0,khi in p m Vref
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
c a vo ng vo ca mch tch phn,t in C x in vi tc khng i, sau

khong thi gian t2 tn hiu ng ra ca mch tch phn tng dn,do ng ra ca mch
so snh xung ,mc thp lm cho mch logic iu khin ng cng v bo kt thc
chuyn i. Trong sut khong thi gian x in t2 mch m vn tip tc m kt qu
ca mch m cng chnh l tn hiu s cn chuyn i tng ng vi in p tng t
ng vo Vin .
Mi quan h gia in p ng vo Vin v in p chun Vref vi t1,t2
t2=t1.vin/vref
t1=2n/fck :thi gian mch m t 0 n khi trn
t2=N/fck : thi gian mch m t khi trn n kt qu sau cng
-Biu thc ny khng ph thuc vo thi hng RC,cng nh s xung clock(nu mch
lm vic n nh).
-Cc tn hiu tng t Vin qua mch tch phn nn cc tn hiu nhiu u b loi b.
-Nhc im ca mch ny l thi gian chuyn i chm,gia 2n chu k xung clock
trong ln ly tch phn trong thi gian t1 va N chu k trong ln ly tch phn trong thi
gian t2. Thi gian chuyn i ln nht khi t1=t2.
Thi gian chuyn i: T = t1+t2
Phng php ADC xp x lin tip(Successive- Approximation ADC)
y l mt trong nhng phng php d9uo75c s dng rng ri. Tuy nhin,mch in
c phc tp nhng thi gian chuyn i ngn hn. Phng php chuyn i ADC xp
x lin tip c thi gian chuyn i c nh khng ph thuc vo in p ng vo.
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
VA
+
VA
Clock
Logic iu khin
MSB
LSB
Start
EOC
Thanh ghi iu khin
DAC
S khi chuyn i ADC dng phng php xp x lin tip.

* Hot ng
Khi tc ng cnh xung ca xung start th ADC bt u chuyn i .
-Mch logic iu khin t bit c ngha ln nht(Most Signifi cant Bit )ca thanh
ghi iu khin ln mc cao v tt c cc bit cn li mc thp.S nh phn ra mch
thanh ghi iu khin cqua mch DAC to ra in p tham chiu Va.
Nu Va >Va th ng ra b so snh xung mc thp ,lm cho mch logic iu
khin xa bit MSB xung mc thp.
Nu Va<Va th ng ra ca b so snh vn mc cao v lm cho mch logic iu
khin gi bit MSB mc cao.
Tip theo mch logic iu khin a bit c ngha k bit MSB ln mc cao v to ng
ra khi DAC mt in p tham chiu va ri em so snh tng t nh bit MSB
trn .Qu trnh ny c tip tc cho n bit cui cng trong thanh ghi iu khin. Lc
va gn bng Va ng ra ca mch logic iu khin bo kt thc chuyn i.
Nh vy mch i ra n bit ch mt n chu k xung clock nn c th t tc rt cao.
Tuy nhin mch ADC xp x lin tip li khng th p ng vi tn hiu tng t vo
bin i cc nhanh .
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
Phng php song song (paralled method)

Mch ADC dng nguyn tc chuyn i song song hay cn gi l phng php ADC
nhanh, c cu trc mch in phc tp nhng tc chuyn i rt cao .
Trong vi trng hp ngi ta cn mch chuyn i ADC c tc rt cao v nhng tn
hiu bin i nhanh nn khi chuyn sang dng s ngi ta c mch ADC c tc cao .
Vref
13
R/2
ULSB
2
11
2
9
2
7
2
55
2
32
2
1
2
ULSB
1D
C1
1D
C1
1D
C1
1D
C1
1D
C1
1D
C1
1D
ULSB
ULSB
ULSB
ULSB
ULSB
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
D2
D1
D0
X6
X7
C1
R/2
Vin
S khi mch chuyn i AD dng phng php song song
1.4.
Giao tip my tinh
1.2.1. Gii thiu IC MAX232

Vi mch MAX 232 ca hng MAXIM l mt vi mch chuyn dng trong giao
din ni tip vi my tnh. Chng c nhim v chuyn i mc TTL li vo thnh
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
mc +10V hoc 10V pha truyn v cc mc +3+15V hoc -3-15V thnh mc

TTL pha nhn
MAX 232 c hai b m v hai b nhn. ng dn iu khin li vo CTS, iu khin
vic xut ra d liu cng ni tip khi cn thit, c ni vi chn 9 ca vi mch MAX
232. Cn chn RST (chn 10 ca vi mch MAX ) ni vi ng dn bt tay iu
khin qu trnh nhn. Thng th cc ng dn bt tay c ni vi cng ni tip qua
cc cu ni, khi khng dng n na c th h mch cc cu ny. Cch truyn d
liu n gin nht l ch dng ba ng dn TxD, RxD v GND (mass).
1.2.2. S chn MAX232:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
* ngha cc chn:
NBR
Tn
Mc ch
Tn hiu in p
T gi tr
MAX232
T gi tr
MAX232A
C1 +
+ Kt ni cho t in C1
t in nn ng t
nht 16V
1F
100nF
V+
u ra ca b in p1
+10 V, t in nn
ng t nht 16V
1F n V CC
100nF V CC
C1-
- Kt ni cho t in C1
t in nn ng t
nht 16V
1F
100nF
C2 +
+ Kt ni cho t in C2
t in nn ng t
nht 16V
1F
100nF
C2-
- Kt ni cho t in C2
t in nn ng t
nht 16V
1F
100nF
V-
u ra ca in p / bin
tn
-10V, t in nn
ng t nht 16V
1F GND
100nF GND
T2 ra
u ra 2
RS-232
R2 vo
u vo 2
RS-232
R2 ra
Receiver 2 ng ra
TTL
10
T2 vo
u vo 2
TTL
11
T1 vo
Li xe 1 u vo
TTL
12
R1 ra
Nhn 1 u ra
TTL
13
R1 vo
Nhn 1 u vo
RS-232
14
T1 ra
u ra 1
RS-232
15
GND
Ni t
0V
1F n V CC
100nF V CC
16
V CC
Ngun cung cp
+5 V
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
CHNG II: THI CNG MCH

2.1.
S nguyn l:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
2.2.
S mch in:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
2.3.
S b tr linh kin
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
2.4.
Dao din Visual Basic
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
2.5.
Lu gii thut vi iu khin
Lu gii thut tng qut:

START
KHAI BO GI TR BAN
U
Y
SJMP NHT
TIMER
TF0=1
N
C D LIU ADC
Y
SJMP NHT
TIMER
TF0=1
N
GI D LIU LN PC
SJMP NHT
TIMER
Y
TF0=1
N
NHN D LIU T PC
LU VO A
SJMP NGT TRUYN

THNG
Lu gii thut nhn d liu ADC
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
BT U
C D LIU A/D
I RA S
CT VO B NH
THOT
Lu gii thut ngt timer0

BT U
O BIT
CLOCK(P3.2)
THOT
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
Lu gii thut ngt truyn thng
BT U
N
(A)=
a
(A)=
b
RELAY1=1
(A)=
c
RELAY1=0
(A)=
d
RELAY2=1
RELAY2=0
THOT
(A)=
e
(A)=
f
(A)=
g
(A)=
h
RELAY3=1
RELAY3=0
RELAY4=1
RELAY3=0
THOT
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
2.6.
Lu gii thut visual basic

BT U
CI NHIT GII
HN
NHN D LIU
D liu
=N+nhit
+,
Y
Hin thi nhit cm
bin 1. Nhn d liu
tip theo
D liu
=nhit +,
Y
Hin thi nhit cm
bin 2. Nhn d liu
tip theo
D liu
=nhit +,
Y
Hin thi nhit cm
bin 3. Nhn d liu
tip theo
D liu
=nhit +,
Y
Hin thi nhit cm
bin 4. Nhn d liu
tip theo
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
Nhit
1>
gii
hn1
Gi v vi iu
khin=a
Gi v vi iu khin=b
Nhit
2>
gii
hn2
Gi v vi iu
khin=c
Gi v vi iu khin=d
Nhit
3>
gii
hn3
Gi v vi iu
khin=e
Gi v vi iu khin=f
N
Nhit
4>
gii
hn4
Gi v vi iu
khin=g
Gi v vi iu khin=h
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
2.7.
Trng trnh vi iu khin

relay1
equ
p1.3
relay2
equ
p1.4
relay3
equ
p1.5
relay4
equ
p1.6
org 0
ljmp main
org 0bh
;ngat timer
cpl
clock;
reti
org 23h
ljmp serial
org 30h
main:
clock
bit P3.2
sc
bit P3.3
eoc
bit P3.4
oe
bit P3.5
ale
bit P3.7
mov
dptr,#aray
mov
TMOD,#22h
mov
TH1,#0FDh
;9600bps
mov
SCON,#50h
; mode 8 bit
mov
TH0,#0a3h
mov
IE,#10010010B ;cho phep ngat,su dung truyen thong,su dung
setb
TR1
ngat
timer0
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;mo timer 1
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
setb
TR0
setb
eoc
clr
ale
clr
oe
clr
sc
;mo timer 0
nhanlaidulieuadc:
mov
SBUF,#'N'
;nhan du lieu adc 1

clr
P1.0
clr
P1.1
clr
P1.2
acall
msdelay
setb
ale
acall
msdelay
setb
sc
acall
msdelay
clr
ale
clr
sc
chonhan1:
jb
eoc,chonhan1
chonhan11:
jnb
eoc,chonhan11
setb
oe
acall
msdelay
mov
r2,P2
clr
oe
acall
doiso
;nhan du lieu adc 2

setb
P1.0
clr
P1.1
clr
P1.2
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
acall
msdelay
setb
ale
acall
msdelay
setb
sc
acall
msdelay
clr
ale
clr
sc
chonhan2:
jb
eoc,chonhan2
chonhan12:
jnb
eoc,chonhan12
setb
oe
acall
msdelay
mov
r2,P2
clr
oe
acall
doiso
;nhan du lieu adc 3

clr
P1.0
setb
P1.1
clr
P1.2
acall
msdelay
setb
ale
acall
msdelay
setb
sc
acall
msdelay
clr
ale
clr
sc
chonhan3:
jb
eoc,chonhan3
chonhan13:
jnb
eoc,chonhan13
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
setb
oe
acall
msdelay
mov
r2,P2
clr
oe
acall
doiso
;nhan du lieu adc 4

setb
P1.0
setb
P1.1
clr
P1.2
acall
msdelay
setb
ale
acall
msdelay
setb
sc
acall
msdelay
clr
ale
clr
sc
chonhan4:
jb
eoc,chonhan4
chonhan14:
ljmp
jnb
eoc,chonhan14
setb
oe
acall
msdelay
mov
r2,P2
clr
oe
acall
doiso
nhanlaidulieuadc
;doi du lieu nhan tu adc sang so

doiso:
mov
a,r2
mov
b,#10
div
ab
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
mov
r7,b;lower
mov
b,#10
div
ab
mov
r6,b ;mid
mov
r5,a ;high
acall
guidulieu
ret
;gui du lieu len may tinh
guidulieu:
acall
msdelay
mov
a,r6
movc
a,@a+dptr
mov
SBUF,a
JNB
TI,sec
acall
msdelay
mov
a,r7
movc
a,@a+dptr
mov
SBUF,a
JNB
TI,thd
acall
msdelay
mov
SBUF,#','
sec:
thd:
com:
JNB
TI,com
acall
msdelay
ret
msdelay:
mov
r2,#50
mov
r3,#250
x1:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
x2:
nop
nop
djnz
r3,x2
djnz
r2,x1
ret
;dieu khien relay
KIEMTRARELAY:
JNB
RI,$ ; cho nhan du lieu tu pc
CLR
RI
MOV A,SBUF
CJNE A,#'a',RL1;
SETB RELAY1;
SJMP KT;
RL1:
CJNE A,#'b',RL2;
CLR
RELAY1
SJMP KT;
RL2:
CJNE A,#'c',RL3;
SETB RELAY2
SJMP KT;
RL3:
CJNE A,#'d',RL4;
CLR
RELAY2
SJMP KT;
RL4:
CJNE A,#'e',RL5;
SETB RELAY3
SJMP KT;
RL5:
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
CJNE A,#'f',RL6;
CLR
RELAY3
SJMP KT;
RL6:
CJNE A,#'g',RL7;
SETB RELAY4
SJMP KT;
RL7:
CJNE A,#'h',KT;
CLR
RELAY4
SJMP KT;
KT:
RET
;ngat truyen thong
serial:
JB
TI,trans
CALL KIEMTRARELAY
reti
trans:
clr TI
reti
aray: db '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'
END
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
PHN III
KT LUN
thc hin c yu cu trn chng em nghin cu, tm hiu nhng vn v vi
iu khin, vi x l, cc phng php o nhit , cc phng php chuyn i t tng
t sang s v cc vn khc c lin quan n ti.
Ni dung chnh ca ti ny bao gm nhng phn chnh sau:
*Phn kin thc.
-Kho st b vi iu khin 8051
-Cc phng php chuyn i t tng t sang s.
-H thng o nhit v cc phng php o nhit .
-Giao tip my tnh
*Phn thit k thi cng .
-Xy dng s khi ton mch .
-Xy dng lu gii thut .
-Vit chng trnh.
-Thi cng lp rp v kim tra.
Tuy nhin do trnh chuyn mn c hn vn cn nhiu thiu st . y ch gii quyt
c cc yu cu l : o nhit t 0oc n 99oc, y l mt mt hn ch ca ti ny.
Mong rng ti ny s c cc bn sinh vin kho sau tip tc thc hin v khc
phc c nhng hn ch ca ti ny, to ra mt sn phm c cht lng cao
phc v cho sn xut v i sng x hi.
Sau cng mt ln na chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy TRN DUY CNG
cng qi thy c khoa in tn tnh hng dn v dn dt em
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GVHD: Trn Duy Cng
TI LIU THAM KHO

1.K thut vi iu khin-L vn Doanh -Phm Khc Chng-NXB khoa hc k
thut.
2. o lng v iu khin bng my tnh Ng Din Tp-NXB khoa hc k
thut
3.Gio trnh vi mch s-Nguyn Hu Phng-Trng H KH T Nhin TP
HCM
4.The 8051 Microcontroller University of Guelph-I.SCOTT MACKENZIE.
5.Digital Systems Principles andApplications-RONALD J. TOCCI.
6. Microcomputer for engineer and Scientists-Glenn A. Gibson,Ya Cheng Liu.
7.Electronics Course III :Modules In Micro Electronics-Deutsche Gesellschaftfur Technische-Zusammenarbeit(GTZ)Gmbh.
8. The TTL Data book:for Design Engineer,Texas Instrumebts
9.http://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/62008392?access_key=key14ul57qd5b919501cosb
10.
http://www.8051projects.net/lofiversion/t51551/how-i-use-arrays-on-thisproblem.html
11. http://chaokhun.kmitl.ac.th/~kswichit/DAQ/DAQ.htm
12. http://www.electronics-lab.com/blog/?s=at89
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Đo khống chế nhiệt độ 4 điểm giao tiếp máy tính

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Đo khống chế nhiệt độ 4 điểm giao tiếp máy tính

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Available Formats

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

GVHD: Trn Duy Cng

Link download http://www.mediafire.com/?ypicv8qntu10euh

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

Tng quan v giao tip my tnh

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

Giao tip qua cng ni tip

1.2.1. Cu trc cng ni tip ( cng COM)

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

1.2.2. Cc chun giao tip ni tip

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

Cc tc truyn d liu thng dng trong cng ni tip l: 1200bps, 4800bps,

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

modems (thit b m ho, gii m d liu) v cc thit b khc. D RS-232 c th truyn

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

1.2.6. Ni ghp 89C51 vi RS232:

Cc chn RxD v TxD trong 89C51.

MAX232 chuyn i t cc mc in p RS232 s v mc in p TTL v ngc li.

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

MSComm l yu cu iu khin cho thng tin trn cng ni tip

N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

Output:ghi d liu ra b m truyn

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

CHNG II: VI IU KHIN

Tng quan v vi iu khin

lp trnh c, dng iu khin hot ng ca mt h thng

2.2.1. Gii thiu h MCS51:

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

2.2.2. Cu trc phn cng ca vi iu khin 89C51

2.2.2.2. S lc v cc chn ca 8951:

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

H thng giao tip port:

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

2.2.3. S lc v tp lnh 89C51 :

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

Byte thp ca b nh thi 0

Byte cao ca b nh thi 1

Byte thp ca b nh thi 0

Byte cao ca b nh thi 1

Nhn byte thp ca b nh thi 2

Nhn byte cao ca b nht hi 2

Byte thp ca b nh thi 2

Byte cao ca b nh thi 2

Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit ca b nh thi

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N: o khng ch nhit 4 im giao tip my tnh

2.2.5. hot ng ca port ni tip 8051.

Thanh ghi dch

C nh (tn s dao ng/12)