PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA

Eko Handayani, M.Psi

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Metode dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan

Dua metoda dalam riset tentang perkembangan manusia:
Riset kuantitatif Riset kualitatif

Riset kualitatif mengalami peningkatan dalam penelitian perkembangan (Parke, 2004 dalam Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2007)

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Pengumpulan Data dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan

Self-report: diaries, interviews, questionnaires

Naturalistic and laboratory observation

Behavioral and performance measures

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Disain Penelitian Dasar dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan

Studi kasus Studi etnografis Studi korelasional Eksperimen

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Disain Penelitian dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan

Longitudinal studies Meneliti orang atau kelompok yang sama lebih dari satu kali, kadang-kadang selama bertahun-tahun Menyatakan bagaimana orang berubah atau tetap sama sejalan dengan pertambahan usia Mengukur karakteristik tunggal Cross-sectional studies Orang-orang yang berbeda usia dinilai dalam satu waktu Menunjukkan kemiripan dan perbedaan antarkelompok usia
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TOKOH DAN TEORI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN

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TEORI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN

Psychoanalytic Freud psychosexual theory
Eriksons psychosocial theory Cognitive Piagets cognitive stage theory Information processing theory Contextual Vygotskys sociocultural theory,

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PSIKOANALISA Development of Personality

12 18 bulan

1 - 3 tahun

3 6 tahun

6 puber

Setelah puber

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PSIKOSOSIAL
Humans have the potential to solve their own conflicts and anxieties as they develop

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PSIKOSOSIAL Psychosocial Stages

Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts the individual with a crisis that must be faced I Infancy Trust vs Mistrust

II
II

Toddlerhood
Early Childhood

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Initiative vs Guilt

IV
V

MiddleChildhood
Adolescence

Industry vs Inferiority
Identitiy vs Identity Confusion

VI
VII VIII

Young Adulthood
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood

Intimacy vs Isolation
Generativity vs Stagnation Integrity vs Despair

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Stages of Cognitive Development

11 15 tahun

Formal Operational stage Concrete Operational stage Preoperational stage

7 11 tahun

2 7 tahun 0 2 tahun

Sensorimotor stage

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CONTEXTUALIST

Main Concept

Learning is cognitive development through social interaction

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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Main Concept

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BEHAVIORISM Main Concept

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MORAL DEVELOPMENT Main Concept

Heinz Steals the Drug In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19)

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MORAL DEVELOPMENT Moral Stages

PRE CONVENTIONAL

I. OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT II. INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTALISM & EXCHANGE

CONVENTIONAL

III. GOOD BOY / GIRL IV. LAW & ORDER

POST CONVENTIONAL V. SOCIAL CONTRACT VI. PRINCIPLED CONSCIENCE

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