KS3 Chemistry

Solids, Liquids and Gases

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Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases Diffusion Summary activities
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Different substances
What are the names of the substances described in this table? (The first letters spell out another word for substance.)
Liquid metal Solid used in aircraft Solid used to coat steel cans Intoxicating liquid Radioactive solid Solid that rusts Unreactive gas Solid used by Roman plumbers

Mercury
Aluminium Tin Ethanol

Radium
Iron Argon Lead

Aluminium Ethanol What different types Lead of materials are there?Radium Argon Mercury Iron Tin
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Three states of matter

At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states.

solid

liquid

gas

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Solid, liquid or gas?

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Solid, liquid or gas?

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Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases Diffusion Summary activities
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The particle model

The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the

All substances are made up of particles. The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly.
The particles move around. They are described as having kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the particles increases with temperature.
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Particles in a solid animation

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Particles in a liquid animation

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Particles in a gas animation

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Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases Diffusion Summary activities
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Properties of solids, liquids and gases

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Which state of matter am I?

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Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases Diffusion Summary activities
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How do smells spread out?

Where is the smell coming from and how does it spread out?

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What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles that allows them to spread out and mix with other particles. For example, the smell of aftershave or perfume diffuses and is detected by people on the other side of the room. Use the particle model to explain these facts about diffusion: Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases but hardly at all in solids. Diffusion happens more quickly for gases than for liquids. Diffusion happens more quickly at warm temperatures than at cooler temperatures.
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Diffusion animation 1

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Diffusion animation 2

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Diffusion experiment
In this experiment, two gases diffuse towards each other in a sealed glass tube.

cotton wool soaked in ammonia solution

gases meet here

cotton wool soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid

When the gases meet, they react to form a ring of ammonium chloride which is closer to one end of the tube than the other.

Which gas particles diffuse faster, ammonia or acid, and why?

By the time the gases meet, the ammonia particles have travelled further down the tube so they must have diffused at a faster speed.
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Contents

7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Introducing states of matter

The particle model

Properties of solids, liquids and gases Diffusion Summary activities
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Glossary diffusion Particles spreading out and mixing in the gas

or liquid state.

gas The state of matter in which particles move quickly

in all directions and rarely touch each other.

liquid The state of matter in which particles are

randomly arranged and touch each other.

matter The stuff that everything is made of.

particle The smallest unit of matter. pressure The force produced when particles move
against a surface.

solid The state of matter in which particles are in a fixed

arrangement and touch each other.
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Anagrams

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Crossword
Across: 2. Change from liquid to solid 5. Force caused by collisions of particles 6. Arranged in a 3-dimensional pattern 9. Spacing of particles in solids and liquids 10. All substances are this state at very low temperatures 11. Only liquids and gases do this
1 2 4 5 3

7 9 10 11

Down: 1. Closely packed particles 6. Particles are close but disorganised 3. Change from gas to liquid 7. Particles widely spread out 4. Change from solid to liquid 8. Change from liquid to gas
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Multiple-choice quiz

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