Bi gii ca ThS.

Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

GI GII THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2010

MN HO HC Khi B (M 174)
PHN CHUNG:

Gii: thi cho 6C => Loi B, D. Thu phn to 2 ancol c SNT(C) gp i => p n A

Gii: Quy i hn hp Y gm kim loi M v O2. Ta c:

nHNO3 mi trng (to mui) = nM(cho) = nO2 (nhn) + nHNO3 (nhn) = (2,71 2,23)/8 + 3.0,03 = 0,15mol
nHNO3 (p) = nHNO3 (mi trng) + nHNO3 (oxi ho) = 0,15 + nNO = 0,18mol. => p n D

Gii: Axit palmitic, stearic c CTTQ CnH2nO2. Cn axit linoleic (k hiu A) c CTTQ CnH2n-4O2.
=> t X s chnh lch s mol H2O v CO2 do axit linoleic gy ra.
Ta d thy: nCO2 nH2O = 2nA => nA= 0,015 => p n A

Gii: D dng chn p n l B (Do HCl v H2S u p vi Pb(NO3)2, AgNO3, NaOH. Nhng H2S
khng p vi NaHS)

Gii: D dng thy p n l C. (Cr + HCl ch to CrCl2 S oxi ho +2)

Gii: X, Y l cht rn => Mui hoc amino axit.

X + NaOH to kh => X l mui (loi C, D)
Y c p trng ngng => Y l amino axit (loi A) => p n B

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii: S mol CO khc SO2 => Loi Cr2O3 (Do s oxi ho Cr khng i, CO v SO2 u trao i 2e)
Ta thy Fe, Cr u p vi H2SO4 c to mui s oxi ho +3)
Xt trng hp MO => nM = nCO = 0,8mol => nSO2 = 3/2nM = 0,12mol > 0,9mol (loi)
Vy p n l C.

Gii: Ba(HCO3)2 to kt ta vi NaOH, Na2CO3, KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4 => Vy p n l D.

Gii: Axit amin c cng thc l CnH2n+1NO2 (A)=> Y l: C3nH6n 1N3O4 (V Y = 3A 2H2O)
t 0,1mol Y => Ta c: mCO2 + mH2O = 3n.0,1.44 + (6n 1).0,05.18 = 54,9 => n = 3.
Vy X l C6H14N2O3 (V X = 2A H2O). t chy 0,2 mol X => nCO2 = 1,2mol. Vy mCaCO3 = 120 gam.

Gii: X, Y n chc => nZ = (11,5-8,2)/(23 1) = 0,15mol => MZ = 8,2/0,15 = 54,667

Z tc dng c vi AgNO3 => Z c HCOOH y chnh l Y v M = 46 < MZ < MX)
Ta c nY = 1/2nAg = 0,1mol => %Y = 0,1.46/8,2.100% = 56,10% => %X = 43,90% => Vy p n l B.

Gii: Qu d ri => Chn p n l B.

Gii M c tng s ht p,n,e l 79 + 3 = 82 => D tnh c ZM = 26 => p n B.

Gii: S nguyn t C trung bnh = nCO2/nX = 1,5 => Ankan l CH4 v anken l CnH2n.
Theo quy tc ng cho v KLPT (M) v s nguyn t C (n) ta c:
(14n 22,5)/(22,5 16) = (n 1,5)/(1,5 1) <=> n = 3 => p n C.

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii: D dng chn c p n B.

Gii: Ch cu u tc dng vi H2 => Chn p n A.

Gii: dinh dng ca ln c tnh theo hm lng P2O5

=> %P2O5 = %mui.MP2O5/M(mui) = 42,25% => Chn p n B.

Gii: 2,4,6trinitrophenol c CTPT C6H3N3O7 (A). Ta c nA = 0,06mol

=> x = (6 + 3/2 + 3/2).0,06 = 0,54mol => Chn p n C.

Gii: MX = 46 => X cha CH3OH (x mol) v Propan-1-ol (y mol); Propan-2-ol (z mol). Ta c:

V M = 46 => x = y + z
nX = nO = x + y + z = 3,2/16 = 0,2mol => x = 0,1mol
nAg = 4nHCHO + 2nC2H5CHO = 4x + 2y = 0,45mol => y = 0,025 => p n B.

Gii: D dng chn c p n A ( y C6H5CHO th hin tnh t oxi ho kh)

Gii: Gi a, b l s mol ca FexOy v Cu, ta c h:

56ax + 16ay + 64b = 2,44
3ax 2ay + 2b = 0,045
200ax + 160b = 6,6
Gii h trn ta c ax = ay = 0,025mol (FeO); b = 0,01mol => p n C.

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii: Ppt in phn: 2CuSO4 + 2H2O => 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4

mCu + mO2 = 8 => nCu = nCuSO4 p = nH2SO4 = 0,1mol
Khi cho Fe => Fe p vi H2SO4 trc, sau p vi CuSO4. Khi lng thanh kim loi l:
m = 16,8 0,1.56 + (0,2x 0,1).8 = 12,4 => x = 1,25mol => p n C.

Gii: nAl = 0,4mol; nFe3O4 = 0,15mol

8Al + 3Fe3O4 => 9Fe + 4Al2O3.
Gi x l s mol Al p => nH2 = 3/2.(0,4 x) + 9/8.x = 0,48mol => x = 0,32mol => p n A.
(Cu ny c cn thm dng: Cho bit ch c p kh Fe3O4 v Fe khng nh???)

Gii: t M v X cho nCO2 = nH2O => Y c CTTQ l CnH2n (c n 2) => Loi A, B

SNT (C) trung bnh = 2 => X c < 2C. Nu X l HCHO => Y l C3H6 => nX = nY (loi) => p n D.

Gii: D dng chn c p n A. (Anehit ch p khi un nng)

Gii: X c th p vi cc cht kh Fe2+, H2S, HCl(c) => p n C.

Gii: D dng chn c p n D. (Sn phm trng ngng thng b thu phn trong axit.)

Gii: CTTQ ca amin no mch h l: CnH2n+2+xNx (vi x > 0)

t 0,1 mol X => nsp = (2n + x + 1).0,1 = 0,5 <=> 2n + x = 4 => n = 1; x = 2: X l CH2(NH2)2
nHCl = 2nX = 2.4,6/46 = 0,2mol => p n D.

Gii: Tng qut: Ta bit Al3+ p vi OH- c th xy ra theo 2p.

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

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Nu ch c 1 p: nOH- = 3nkt ta.

Nu xy ra 2 p: nOH- = 4nAl3+ - nkt ta
Ch : Bi ny lc kt ta nn ch cng thm lng kt ta b lc
Trng hp 1: nOH- = 0,18 = 3nkt ta.=> Ch xy ra p to kt ta Al(OH)3.
Trng hp 2: nOH- = 0,39 > 3ntng kt ta.=> xy ra c 2p:
4nAl3+ = nOH- + ntng kt ta => nAl3+ = 0,12mol
=> p n D.
(Cu ny m cho thm p n 1,05 th c kh nng nhiu bn nhm ln hn)

Gii: D dng chn c p n B. (Mg c th p vi SiO2 nhit cao.)

Gii: D dng chn c p n D. (Ni c th y c Cu, Ag c bm ln n.)

Gii: Sao li c cu d th nh? p n A. (CH3OH + CO => CH3COOH)

Gii: A n chc, mch h, p NaOH nhng khng c p trng gng => Axit v cc este khng phi
ca fomiat => p n D.
- Axit: C4H9COOH (4 cht)
- Este: C3H7COOCH3 (2 cht); CH3COOC3H7 (2 cht) v C2H5COOC2H5 (1 cht)

Gii: Gi x l s mol mi kim loi => nHCl p = 4x. Ta c: x = 0,25 4x

Ta c: x = 0,25 4x => x = 0,05mol => MX = 2,45/2x = 24,5 = (M1 + M2)/2 => p n D.

Gii: D dng chn c p n D (v I, III khng ph thuc p sut ca h v II, IV ph thuc tri
chiu).

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii: P2O5 + 6KOH => 2K3PO4 + 3H2O => Loi B, D => D suy ra p n C.

Gii: nBaSO3 = 0,1mol v Y c cha HSO3- => Xy ra 2 p => nOH- = nSO2 + nkt ta
=> nSO2 = nOH- nkt ta = 0,4 0,1 = 0,3mol => nFeS2 = 1/2nSO2 = 0,15mo => p n C.

Gii: D dng chn c p n D (N chnh l acriloNitrin)

Gii: Ancol no, mch h, a chc => nAncol = nH2O nCO2 = 0,2mol => SNT (C) trung bnh = 2,5
=> Ancol a chc => S nguyn t C s nguyn t O 2 => X cha 2O.
=> nO2 = nCO2 + 1/2nH2O nAncol = 0,5 + 0,7/2 0,2 = 0,65 mol
=> p n A.

Gii: Gi x, y l s mol ca alanin v axit glutamic.

P vi NaOH
=> x + 2y = 30,8/22 = 1,4 mol
P vi HCl => x + y = 36,5/36,5 = 1mol
=> x = 0,6mol; y = 0,4mo l => p n A.

Gii: D dng chn c p n B (Gm: xicloprpan; stiren; metyl acrylat; vinyl axetat)
PHN RING:
A. Theo chng trnh Chun:

Gii: D dng chn p n C (Cc cht cng dng, khng c lk Hiro => Nhit tng khi M tng)

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii: D dng chn c p n C (Gm: Fe3O4 + Cu; Fe2(SO4)3 + Cu v Sn + Zn)

Gii: D dng chn c p n B

Gm: CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-CHOH-CH3;
(CH3)2C=CH2-CHOH-CH3;
(CH3)2C-CH2-CO-CH3;
CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-CO-CH3;
(CH3)2C=CH2-CO-CH3.

Gii: nmui = nNaOH = 0,2mol

=> Mmui = 82 (HCOONa) => Loi B,D
nAncol = nY(b) + nZ < nX + nZ = nmui = 0,2 => MAncol > 40,25

=> p n C.

Gii: dung dch X c nCa2+ = nCaCO3(1) = 0,02mol; nHCO3- = nCaCO3(2) = 0,03mol

=> Trong X c 0,04mol Ca2+; 0,06mol HCO3-; 0,1mol Cl- => nNa+ = 0,08mol.
un nng => 0,04mol Ca2+; 0,03mol CO32-; 0,1mol Cl-; nNa+ = 0,08mol
=> p n C.

Gii: Trong 44 gam X => nO = (85,25 44)/(71 16) = 0,75mol => nCO2 = nCO = nO = 0,75mol
Vy trong 22gam X => nCO2 = 0,375mol => m = 73,875gam
=> p n B.

Gii: Cn ch mi trng khng kh. => Loi (4), (5)

=> p n A.

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii:.Thu phn X thu c Val-Phe v Gly-Ala-Val

=> Gly-Ala-Val-Phe (v X ch c 1 Val)
=> p n C.

Gii: Khng bit h cho X + O2 => 40,3 gam CuO, ZnO lm g?

nZn = nH2 = 0,15mol => nCu = 0,1mol
=> p n C.

Gii: D dng chn c p n D.

B. Theo chng Nng cao

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- => 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO3- => 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
=> nNO = 2/3nCu + 1/3nFe2+ = 0,4mol
=> V = 8,96 lt.

Gii: Cc ptp:

=> Cu ht
=> Fe2+ ht
=> p n B.

Gii: D dng chn c p n B. (Pb gn nh khng p vi HCl do to PbCl2 t tan)

Gii: p n A (iu ny ch ng vi cc axit mnh, cn axit yu th cn ph thuc vo Ka)

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

Gii: X khng p vi Na, p vi H2 => X l anehit hoc xeton.

Ta d suy ra Y l iso amylic (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH2OH => p n D.

Gii: D dng chn c p n D. (Cc mui FeS, CuS, PbS mu en; CdS mu vng)

Gii: Theo quy tc Zaixep => X l C6H5-CHOH-CH3 => Loi B, C

P th vi Br2/H+ khng xy ra nhn benzen, m th H C

=> p n A.

Gii: t cng thc amin l R(NH2)n. Da vo p n ta c n = 1 hoc 2.

Ta c: nHCl = (17,248,88)/36,5 = 0,24mol => nAmin = 0,24/n
=> MAmin = 37n.
Nghim tho mn l n = 2 => p n D.

Gii: V Fe3+ c tnh oxi ho ln hn I2 => Khng tn ti mui FeI3 => p n C.

Gii: V nH2O > nCO2 => X gm 3 ancol no, n chc CnH2n+2O

nX = nH2O nCO2 = 0,25mol
=> n = 1,6
=> m = (14n+18).0,25 = 10,1 gam
nH2O = 1/2nX = 0,125mol => mete = mAncol mH2O = 7,85
=> p n A.

Gii: p n l B

Bi gii ca ThS. Hong Th Thu Dng H ng Thp

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C v ngt, ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng => Loi A.

Phn t c lin kt glicozit => ng a => Loi C (Glucoz l monosaccarit ng n)
Lm mt mu nc Brom => Loi D. (Khng c nhm OH linh ng)