Professional Documents
Culture Documents
n:::vie\l' li:;;::iL'1-th::1,; of
'1"Ie","O in ofj\cpring of imxjiated pl1.rt!fH:<:. The ')1'
:mw:ntlofi rmf.'::' ;:n t.he l'l.n:l"c:q>.b,;d is ,irral1i,tted
, r',,'se'H'dand di"-LT,,,,sed, -Ttv: H1l'cil;;,ni,,!'m; mKi Jt
er."icmd "'""",1" W'.' ;J,b;) di:<w;;s;:;.rL
in 1.9..+7 by TiJnc-ft'cj'f'})":::::';:;i)V;;ty <UK)
54], still cC'E{'[sDc;; ,)f T2d.iation bh.-,logy ar:d
t;"nrr"",";oj'], According tD !he w(;d<:rn ir:tcIprcla,loi: (\f it., Lht of
ling1ubtllC'n ')fl llW 0.:tpos'L'd GeE ;w;:-: k' Iht il1j;iui r)NA t.he
dUJt;' c hLl by C,' n:.t:t:e('t;,::d hy fn: f:iJ;(:als ib a
lrni$@ticn water The Elll,fi of tht: ti.q;::':,l
"Y'" lIAi eXClil$iy'!y occurs in JLyt\:tly ;,;;xp(b>.;C'd
:'(lJ1-HT,dn,::d ?d:d nis-fep::dn;(t h nth.;;)' ,,,--'{HY(", eyer;,
'(Lleil,,,!,,,, tle recG?nincu of .. it:-: erair and
md'lClj,<11.lurrelt, in tilt tXPOS-tJ :.:eik ThkH' is ;;<!lotflr:J inrpixum pTd:lctin:x
ilwefY of llldH,,;::tiou if; dir';l;tJy
,,",;Ito tbe mnnm:H -cC :radiaLlO:I .. j OdlKCd DN,'\ lhB:WgC and the a.bil i1:Y of (:'."'p()';(:d
l't(, tI'P'tOf it, trF)aning tJ1at that 'th'D yield of tm:HF.ions iitr'{}ng-!y
1:'7
depend, "n ,he
i':Y.:mdd;{ln of .! <!
l of . OC("U)"
rbg tJJIi:lEnt H,pt;lt DNA lcd. whkJl fl)T rut.. -, by radi<\-
1.1GB 116, lK n:didiDl1 ge'HUEiK dttClkd the
progtEy 1"J nJlslin-g'::'1L;5;l1\ J \ :j,t ,1.5.1- and
dJ{,>2t. an rnutHli-OH rHe: ill llllh.: ce.lb, 'ii'!i:Kh
sirn<;.h, t{Om '(he b:rndmkJ neighhour:" J:;';{}, 4:i-. <5.1. togethe;\
;)bSl'r\iJl1o"HS imply tta( dfech; of ior..bi"i:lQ; fw.!i.1!HW ::-:a:n.
over a priod of tiw('. nUl,d} h}llgt'! 111ft!! preyjQ;l\]?' thcu);ht ,u;u m2Y, th.eri'Wfc hJ
n:::QardD:i ;:t!i ;1, n:mIF;)t'icnl al t!H:: T:isk rwbnj"'l::,, Alzl-,;mgh 1 t;:'C>:n::
I iN'st'EAR CC'iKhdcd th;;1t the ;:;xb::!u, data (::llKiil:::srgcted
\/c"'.,._ ': ,., .. ",;:,.,., ':"k'>p!: ,t"s':i:;t',fm-}"'l'
'a.;:(, w j\::;nl:;; (h (.i)..rl.n! , ... c'.! : .... }" " d,C
d' thjs ph,<.'nmJ,eneB \Vm he i-nrp\:!rt:l::lt;n impro,,'ing, ...,
lbi:s i"AA:l':t!diu!.ry a:fkC!:!i nr i;1uiXlEg 0D
and i-\c;.:;nrding l<i til.,; H..'Bu;'ts of feceln PllOl.!G1U{lllS, It%'se
:lil. ::h:' cf &.">. \,,;elJ a.s ;.n their
.. phenO'm,(,lloll of DC;fi w.rgcL0d .nn,wt::.oTI induf::ihn in th(:
"I . I . lh",}
irr:ildjm.;":.( nnrnmtHS 'iilli .. (7"[,, l.. , ,,' ',< : ' -- . I"
;hi:-; H':Y!(:'W tb:n;fc,n: the transgencT2:tkrna'; cd
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j
. .' '1',' .' 'fl1"t'J j: ... " htre \'.'(..'1'"
t:) r::n}WJlr.':JS, inL: tilIng 1OiH;':',!),?; nh. h1unn.. ,<.,.U , "'.
to '(cSt tht :h.at H1 thr; gerr:-d d
dUe-;tl..." >tlipnsed could martl.fest in tbe nffspri,1g, ;:iT(:U:ing thdr muUHutl
wteS_ tlredL.;r1D5<iLion awl ;Klp-c-r 2d.'i0 pr<1.::;e,:us
rCgent illll.:b.ni:; v ... bdi v/e,tc not d:\:'<i:US"'C.J in "lUI' n-:yic"vs ! 3. 131 .
12.:1: Exprimelltai Data
'''':1'" b1f !..llfl111il C(l\'iork;;:::><
d1t: r:n;:-qJt.:'ll.:Y cd du,m,inani, Ukd n:uHa.Lw;:i iJi tbe "'g{!J.'J:ntbe of
''''1"",.ld .'" 'J,,:ng "II' :n{:(: ;.t.:n Although the result::, sWdk:::
fIn;!. indkM:ion .tor n!' t!111: F
I , :liCit""'", if'" 1.1'Je' kmg lin);;.: the> had r<:rw.lint;d incnB.d(;::;i\'c-o ({ mdn
'0' Ih"""" th:: bd( uf a Sf:n', iHve lit'. tOt mUhttlori ddt;':,.:r!on in tlK trennhne
,[tad p:rupos<::d tbw,. CA:!.>Mldcd sjmp!e tum.lcl1
k,,;,;( ti.n pnrnde. a upptoach (nr moultn'iIl? mdi,,[;i{)n-induc.c:d
aB'ar,un ,n "D" l:Wms.k gt!rn;lin.;;; d rdative!y iihun
long, md bcl>:mg tu t.he !.:.w;wbk loci in th,>.;; lIlDUi!.(" ,,\'ith
!llcu':lti",' ,.1,;,: H:::
y1lbtlt" ilth :111:' deVC1Gp:sxmt ,)] :itng;:>m,+::cl.lk Pt 'l{: (')'t"'xk:<; 1'0
[6:; 1, GivfH ttw<! t{}-om tli<' :1.<)!;f oj:
"ki'nC'"'B m lnd.lc c:\p(\icd to imdsHlg HI),::! dlcmiol
s,im.:lii.!' m thaJ: (:;)r g::;!l('S [:!-, i"j {B. 19, :25,
':: med th.::m for lilt: mw1ysis (If tc;ws;:<:eneratioDJl
(lei' f"''';,,,bJI,j,c,j ,,> ,ilb :.lVi\Y Ihm mtcs -:.ul:;s!;;:.l1tiaJL'
;<T"'I'"" of and Si:corw ':leDcnitbn oif"prmg 1 . .\
'J1' an :h(t F' . bni,i';-\i( '1g
11 ftt:,;,wigi.n.it:r.utwruJ is n:.'ru.:.nisc';,/ ;Ii,' rhe ilbn'\.,'f
w,1 pbcrll"m""'IJD Lnsl.ariLiiy in ;;;C;Js.
Il1lpXiantly, (illf denomtnHJ;; tbat lb<:' pncncmenor <)1'
i:)st<:hiiily is. 1101 a inhrcd slrain uf m.i.c;';" 8;; mtwhh;
eJe-';Jte-"j rSTR !l'mtm:i;:'B r;:w;' wus .;i::;:ectcd :in tlt: g('!E:.Jim: c:f thre,i;
:;;t.ra.::os ... CB;VCn. C:')7HL/C1J (md BALB/i:' i.':l],
peR. Wf.' ,dso ESTR ;n;;:atl(!ll irl
"''',t,k', hom Jnd In:>!'{:
F ofr,;'jI'ring nf lurtk; miGi'" it' 8 or :: OJ' c,f un::1C X nrv:; U< 7, 3(f
1<1 lile tCC',111h ur t(;cSl' studies, s}-l(lv .. ir;'t:: thut hSTR.
,,,,j.;,," r ii" d:.:.vat-ed i1:: lbe Hnd :<:Of?:latJo..' ri>:SlJ(:': ofT) u:ffspring
'irmdl,\i<'d mak' iIi ;-;cma:l<": mut;itlun :
;"nd I, ::: : .. f !
,. ,,,.);;1,,,,,,,,' u)t,!d that n,O?it 2'onl.p:. ll:ng.rL ta JdJ.res.SH!.! >;pn ,lli(' B ',Ll1.IJh v
t"hPf'ilg "f J,C\.: l[.1J:n ;1H:&i.af\s." ,11 "oloalK
;,){ the pi.nk<:yed uTIi>tabL:: u:n.d,l'.hm [:1 J.] ;uti. at !tw
".,
ahmc(',memiom:d. rc:;u!t,i de;.-!ch, Lrnl-l:V ihM eXI';';"", l(, 11'1'11':."", r' ,.l",,, I.
" ,_., . ',vi.M. ,< .... "'" .;."",. u. 1
,." W 'n,' :indu,:!.iC1:fl :jf 3; tfCHisgtT,eratiood tH tbt: g;:Fn!.inc f pMu
the gefl(,mc:s of thdr offspring .. br HS
(li"iiJ:lplk'al:i Ii,.,,,, H' 01': (hel:;r:' dk,t;l t;x rad1nl:iu!! pro:eC110E ::lfC (';!tlt:C'wtd,
,or how h:ing th;. .. ('x;pns;:d maie,<; ('an 'remember' hi"uW'i:' <;If
h a !::,\)rnl:ier \h1r ?L1h'licD.tJ.nn, we i::"jI,;;: l:\lldre:iir;:d iSHtJ<,. ru ifue)c
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, rink! !l1m yz-t unknlw,'ll d' pdNmtl IlTad:iaziun
'''",' durir:g the ;-:-,w'ly or dev;;+:!p.
to the ofLpDD_g, desl2,bi1ise ,heir Ow'
that: the r,nw.s,enerJtii}oul eff;J.ct::- rn.1Y il'!1 an
cf tht: sendk: d.-:k n'i md;_atioB. The :;:,mdysi.'; ,A
in the gfTmhne Hnd. 50m:ltk. er F) dL,>;pt'ing of
prcyi;lu,:xl inrCitt;lrt ck-:::s on :b) r<)Xs}tYIe .;,1'
lo"r irrmllurinn :.;udiild ,n ttl...: offspring
i;>.xpDsed rnale".\ <1nd the design
,l.ikp<\'(-!t1 i<t i:;h :F'I ;".! H.!lde::., from the hm:h
.,6, 5lj, FigV!'::::: 12.2 f><;"tdh ()f the- (We) fittldks- The
,;If s(l!rm:tlk' L;l U!'f5prir:"j! of 'irft:tdimtd: n,l:'_e Jnit'-;;, TkJx,
:iT!:] rq;(>n.eaequaHy ekv:::.ttd \{ it\crsions
I.no :m,)c;"e UTI!-lLtb,k both aBeln; fn>m the i_H<lJJ"'d(:d
U,2at
:l'i;;;: itCf::-klBCd '..'If the hprt
mal-:- P, otYspring ofm,ik J:H::ce U--:ig. 12.2b}, GiVt:fl thm rh.:: !tpvf JO(;;':;
;'V illLK'" ,', die n_":suLs (of this ,;wdy therefore in li:ll? v .. lht:
j,lt<'1. [t;" ,ttL ,,::,j.:vdci '(at>:- ;>1:, fc,md. ai, ::he E. ir,c:"E-i derl\;ed
!:k2rly imply rhnl
!!!!iil!!,m"1\1il) ,S 3t(ribufed :0 ,1 g;)lWDL>tiidc
;:m:s<:T:_kd. in ::b-e dwpkr ck1trly :;.,hn\-v (1;,H rnut,atiof; mtCf: lYl
:)0 L:.nd st':nmic A uff.;pring of maJiat<:d rnalcs nr;:: SUl;q;U1Lblly
lt sh.ould be ':li{: ure '-it odds r'iith drre
81\ p,'e(i,,:li,,",' of urg-er JS !ht) of iT!,l:::1if('Q ix,
:TN),'C;(pos,d ;}l1\;pjng, lhluL;diol:l inductl<m in un; d::arly (.ff
::hcrdm:e :he pfleW>menPH of t(l the
the U'!H\::-:riyi.i!S' If;:H\\[:tJl!t':-!;-',linna: It) ,A'
bLcIDtWD' li< has 1)(;,:-:;::0 8Dgg-e;;;tcd phcnmnr.m:m rJ
r.i!her i i! tilt' cLmal pmg-eny of iITadintcd '.)r ill
parell's he- ;lE-;t;ri\y,;d 10 mKh
""'"1,,1,)( l'b,,"\ l<!pcdnJ I,' "10\,' l:kI:l, n:!i!ll! <)V ep.iF;;:tH:!k e\'enh; (,13, 4(1, 44, 4:51 <
)<; b .. ml t:tie 1\\',', "e-.ts of exp,';ri::-nent'l!. daw, .,:;huwing tl1:17 f 1:
itl \.'IVCl geocH;-dc (l\'{:r alnng
after tbe .intt!nI cxpo:iUre; (ii) (he nUmhi.': f of rnanHl,stixW
i \I,lo>"",:! 1,,,,wmicio'llllbijl:' :is Un {(1 hi': !t};j:li::tirkd hy the
of auy gwup of ger:cAs. A:, fal mi the tnln'''psn::::r&.tle}ul Df paltlnal
-rw(:< main \l/hic'h !;>t >
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aile,;
firs:. in ;:jucldaH: yct m:kucivm. is W tht?:
cdlnlarcvenX5 t.nggi';.:dng "m sigmd ill expnscB The
({ tl1C triw:;rn1f,sbn Of su(:h a tA} dI>;pri.:'!g anet its r"ion"" nt,"
wWf.hcr S;!.;p in the: durifkw:io.n of this :\Sll'>:'. '" """
(}i'vt:n !:nwt eJ.pi)iUCtre 'W iun.ising r;1!diai:i(!lt 11. wkk- oJ:
123j. til(:'; it:; lr;ulsgemTati0!wl "meets may no): ?rr.rvIJe
C'I-'ideI1Cl:;', .for a specifk 1 ypc of DI'l""A d;;unagc an lnf>tabllJty
L :\,1-'1"7:>. Gj<
,llili: l:NU. )!;nd.,;::i!(tl
Strsin
;:-e.HS< it hlS bc::.::n :mggcstf::J dun thur nvJhltJoH-int.1!E.Td
ckElbJ.cq:cmd DNA (DSHsj lTia'v cumlilulc m.ll uf the that
fble r.he ;)f.gcDomic im,t.nbijty i .r7J > "Ii) whedwr thh iytX;
r.inWB.g in:;tabihty in the germliHt'. ',Vt
::Jfuct:i of w ;:dkybl.!ng: ,ih':ent
,)n thl:.' manife:'ot<:1!.ior; of gew;mlc ir-:st;lb;1it}, 11< on"pring or lH.'ded mak:
UHnrH:;!. h:! in;<J:iJtinn expmure ENL lJw.!dy ;,,]k;,btiGr of f)t{:"\
<:nd n:::.,uitiug prt'dnmin<.wdy in. tnse n;.H!cKizrns
k,]d." Ie ;.my in the y.idz; (,.e DSkh [50j. Th.lS wort
!1! il zlUml-:...;:r of griking i.;llnLaritic',. beH)::;;tIl lraw;f:::.:neratii,'Hud eg'cCb (vf
,,:xpOSlixe to mut1gt:ns ising nidi.alim
lXqLJ1.md if:. til;; ;'ile(:t;TE< G': EN!.: ind:.lcr:,d
,<A,{lHn;;iiF, mir dula .. i" ,"It;; clUrlhul::."d ,(., ;::.
""a,,:o;lIb,,"'!rJ UN/\ 'ks::<in
l
;, !,"!!'.Ji fI:, DSJh hut pm1mhly by <1
fb!}\),)Se to (' gcnei'alh;ed. DNA da0:1JPC Our d:.llil c:.re in lint \vlr.h rhe resuh . ..;
Y",,,'i0U'i :hat eq10sIlre tn ;::ne;11.tcn.l <::ard.nug<:::ns and m1.3.til-
io a dehye:d in ra.te W SOEhlt":.C cells IS, ::;.; . J6 .. rn
the iitnl.2< ..,; ni' o.iI.'lFd:ng of rat ... [2&1.
d1<iL tht tcau:!<b;c-:m;.wJioTIal. C;;:Ji a:mxt m:uwtio!l at. m:ndt)Hi
DNA. 1c.}>.::i pfc<;:ln !.;':l}ding genes .and ('bl'Clt1'()$ome' it th${cJjt.::
ibc: p, . crnJd 1:3. variety O[ type ..... (If D;'<JA To
d.m'k1a,gc. in the F. {)-:'fspring and C(H1!rds. 't.'i/>C I;::ioitdcll!xl
ilieidUil{ol' e",r\,bgefltAjs'" ;':U1lJ DNA 1:l!x:ai:; .. n:-easured by the
Comet and H-12.i\X (6}. This aH0<.lysi:-i w>!e.ak',d; un dHjofif:Hlly-'high
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;u:tli)':.W! uf h.{(!iig;-; ;:h't!-' d' (h) oj' DX i\ "q'""i ..
)n !J}C ex 1'h lXHW ;;dL <D;{t3 fr<>m [{j
k'-:'{Ol of l}NA. ihu:::!age in the FI hotit' 1ll>wmVf ?;plteq ceJls (Fig. 12,4<\1
thaJ in t!;'Szie;i \vith II high 'miLJt!c >:t:, marro
v
.- ilj:(Ul
span of comal:ning dl.'iett:rlDllS k;):tr>ns and dOllble-stnF,(\ brier,:" ,,"
r
data c.leady that.
Del.uering: 1..-;,:\ xlnllti:pi-e
lkj'cdtifI): >"'''"'
(!',(!fi8) k'nlill1,j-: C. NC:>Llr;!d:;d .::.[!(i i:'ffC,T; qf
" H;d7lng Ne'N '\'\;rk
Smd! AG. ;)1l':;r(:l,<:] YF Ge:--wi"w :nHc:l1i.(1l) :l: !11<:,;>;(:
mna,'gell;. M!l;W Ri::: .. :i3
!' JE'l1(!b,icm co:' m;:,k ;J;<; Cb'-')lliu:,t"nd :,G:l::>iLi\'!n \if pm8-
; 533 ,'')
[\msi fH;', Vl\ (i ?p.::m;(dCJ:, c" .. :ki:a ':\lnl()(,; t)
12,(:,-,,'1,,), i",'" ,,,'yl,',hx""" 1.'-"x.L", '" rc'. ,J\, >J of ,),';&1" .lllj(,(;, ,':.\
""'It'" ''', ;\kiat f;c-; 28'1', '" '.""
",,,,,,'.:',1 3. !-b}jj1,,'- 0(; Scr;m.mi: T ITN/,: !rnpim; cd! min: L"l:'lt
,III',' ,Ct'" "",""" ", IF;:,!iD)j(If), ;:.:'tH1ifjJ l{,'s 1"",:\: j :
YL, G:"w: GR .kLp, .. AJ O{(j;;} '-\ ll,h'{;: n'<'lcc,lk
,H j;l.'I(kir: \-Jm,;: :;>