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2
.EI od ocimnocE otnemivlovneseD me oaudarG-sP ed amargorp od sonula ,ileuqimiS edneseR ed otreboR e sotnaS sod audaP oibF ,ocnarF sednanreF ogaihT ed soirtnemoc soa etnemasnemi oedargA .aepI od DPNP od atsisloB e atsitnemivlovneseD edeR ad rodasiuqsep ,pmacinU ad aimonocE ed otutitsnI od rosseforP
1

.atiutarg oacovorp amu omoc odaredisnoc res edop s e ,ra on ariap ogitra o ,sodils sotnemadnuf ret on rop ,otsi meS .siareg siam sonrotnoc sues so ,sonem olep ,uo alocsE lat aziretcarac euq o etnemataxe rinifed :oivrp orofse mu airigixe oatnemugra ed ahnil asse ,odom reuqlauq eD .levvorp ocuoP ?iroiF amrifa otnauq ,adreuqse ad otnemasnep o arap lartnec ot lepap mu evet sanipmaC ed alocsE a soeru sopmet son omsem euq reS .omur mes ragevan a uonednoc a ,odom essed ,e adreuqse a avatneiro etnematsopus euq alossb a omoc rauta ed uoxied alocsE atse ,acitrconcet aigoloedi amu ed adatod oiutitsni amu me retrevnoc es oa :lanoican ocilbp etabed on lepap ues o anoisnemidrepih ,etnemasoiruc ,)aicndive uo laicnatsbus otnemugra

muhnen atnopa on iroiF( adatnemadnuf ocuop arobme ,euq sanipmaC ed alocsE acitrc amu me acobmesed ))2102/20/92( adreuqse ed omsitnemivlovnesed O( ogitra oriemirp O

.somsitnemivlovnesed sod onrot me etabed o rataliuqa majemla ,etnemetnerapa sonem oa ,euq rolaV lanroJ on sogitra siod uocilbup iroiF siuL soJ ,etnemetnecer ,ocidrconom etnemetnerapa oirnec esse artnoC .satsitnemivlovnesed ,olitse

oirprp ues oa ,otne edsed ,maranrot es sodot :adanam ed otnemivom ovon mu ed otnemigrus o otnapse rasuac aireved on ,8002 ed esirc a moc ,missA .satarcomed laicos me uoicnatsbusnart es ,adidemoc siam amrof ed ,airoiam arodagamse a e omsilarebiloen oa uetrevnoc

es etrap aoB .recerapased a maraemoc satsixram so ,etnemanitneper ,e oerid ed uodum otnev O .atsixram etnemaniuneg ocin o are opurg ues o omoc rartsom ed anarepse an ,oxelpmoc siam zev adac oacifissalc ed ametsis mu rairc arap levredisnoc opmet mu maratsag ,siauta satsitnemivlovnesed so omoc lat ,E .satsixram ,uarg mugla me ,mare sodot ,07 e 06 sona soN .mugnin redneerprus aireved on otsi saM .recserc ed rarap ri on euq acidni odut e roiam zev adac sodaralcedotua satsitnemivlovnesed ed edadeirav a e oremn O aicnnimeorp rahnag a maratlov omsitnemivlovnesed od onrot me seapucoerp sa ,sadacd samugla ed siopeD

ittuiraM sorraB odraudE

I R OI

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O M SI T N E MI V L O V N E S E

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me avalucitra es ,lamrof onalp on ,euq larebiloen aditsevni a artnoc etabed osnetni e litrf mu me uocobmesed ,seravaT oiecnoC ad airaM ed sexelfer sa moc otnujnoc me ,euq socitrc siam sorielisarb satsimonoce somissrar so ertne ossucsid an etnaveler amet mu omoc acitlopoeg ad osulcni a ,setnecer siam seacilbup saus me ,iof iroiF siuL soJ ed sotirm sednarg

sod mU .otnemasnep ues ed aicntropmi a racatsed oirssecen ,adan siam ed setnA

siapicnirp sacitsretcarac :iroiF siuL soJ ed otnemasnep O

?adreuqse ad acitlop acitrp a odnatneiroer ,alossb amu omoc rauta arap etneicifus ale ,ritsixe es :etnatropmi siam ,E ?odurtsnoc ele rop orienraC odraciR rop etnemetnecer adiregus megami ociret otniribal odacirtni on etnereoc adas amugla H .iroiF oirprp od arbo adacirtni e atsav an sadiregus sedadilibissop sa odnanimaxe aferat a raemoc euq od larutan siam adaN .saditucsid ,etnemlapicnirp ,e sadalumrof res masicerp ,otaf ed ,euq setnaveler etnemamertxe satnugreP ?adreuqse ad acitilop acitrp an aciptu osnemid amugla ,etnemaminim euq

omsem ,rizudortnier omoc ,siareg siam somret me ,uO ?sacitslocse salumrf me riacer mes odnum-aimonoce ad arutnujnoc lauta a arap aicndneped ad airoet a rizudart omoc :latnemadnuf acitrp otseuq amu ed onrot me mativarg iroiF ed seagadni sa ,otsid mlA .oiehc me

atreca ogitra odagela o ,otsiN .otnemivlovnesed o erbos ossucsid atsissergorp etnemaniuneg oditnes mugla rad ratnet arap ossap oriemirp o alubf atsed edadilaicifitra a raicnuneD

.ofisS ed ohlabart mu a sodanednoc sodot somaratse :amus mE .aterroc oerid an edadeicos a odom essed odnacolocer ,ananif a erbos oaluger ed somsinacem so maircer ,etnemlevairavni ,euq siaicos seaer

rareg a ednet aiseugrub ad olamna rotes etse ,aicnnag alep ,saM .oriecnanif esseretni ongilam olep adajuperbos res a ednet ))?(8002-9891 ;33-9291 ;4191-0981( airtsih ad sotnemom snugla me ,etnemzilefni ,euq aiseugrub ad acireh ocaf amu etsixe adreuqse ad rotes etse arap :ropo es magela euq essalc alep sodairc sotim siapicnirp sod mu a es-uedner ,otaf ed ,adreuqse ad etrap aoB .saterroc etnemlatnemadnuf os saiedi saud sassE .atsitnemivlovnesed oreittodnoc mu me al-trevnoc ri on aiseugrub amsem atsed siatipac ed oazilartnec a raicnanif ,aicnrroced rop )ii ;savitudorp sarof sad otnemivlovnesed onelp od edadilibissop a is me ahnetnoc

euq ,oengomoh esseretni mu iussop on lairtsudni aiseugrub a )i :setnaveler etnemlaicepse os acitrc atsed sotcepsa sioD .knarF rednuG e naraB luaP rop ,rev ues a ,adaebacne

,aicndneped ad airoet ad lacidar siam etnetrev ad adavired adreuqse ed omsitnemivlovnesed oa ed acitrc ad sesab sa ratilibaer me e ediser otirm lapicnirp ueS .roirepus ogitra edadilauq O

))2102/30/92(

aicndnepeD

omsitnemivlovneseD(

etneuqesbus

4
.oisaco aleuqan ocitrc otnemasnep oa asrevda oautis alep etnemlapicnirp euqilpxe es arutsop atse zevlaT .pmacinU ad aimonocE ed otutitsnI od met aroga euq osiv a uoticilpxe on uo ahnit on iroiF ,otnemom eleuqaN .sanipmaC ed alocsE ad euqatsed ed serosseforp marapicitrap ,sodot etnemacitarp me ,e setnatropmi sorvil sortuo mariuges es etseD

.7991 me oazilabolG ad acitloP aimonocE amu :oriehniD e redoP ed oacilbup a iof ossucsid atsed laicini ocram O
2

a etnemavitagen matimiled ,otnatrop ,e megnartsnoc euq setneicsnocni siaicos seanimreted sa racatsed ed zapac essof euq ,etnemlaicnesse ,sam sotneve sod eicfrepus a setneicsnoc sahlocse saus s atreba laicos oa ad aer atirtser an sopurg e soudvidni sod sohcirpac

so on ortnec omoc ahnet euq , otsi ,avitejbo laicos aicnic amu ed ourtsnoc ed edadilibissop a :latnemadnuf ocipt mu a setnerefer miehkruD ed odagel od seaterpretnier sad aitrap 05 e 0491 ed adacd ad anarF an lautceletni ossucsid ednarg A .otxetnoc ues me saiedi sa racoloc latnemadnuf ,ozuj reuqlauq arap ,saM .iroiF ed esseretni o uotrepsed euq ovitom o odis ret airedop otsi ,atsiv ariemirp A .aimonocE a e aigoloicoS a moc asnetni siam otium iof oucolretni a ,anep aus bos ,saM .siaicoS saicniC sa e airtsiH a ertne ogolid o uednefed erpmes leduarB ,ebas es omoC .sexelfer saus riurtsnoc acsub iroiF edno onerret od asrevid etnemlaicnesse

,sotnemadnuf sues son otnauq sotisporp son otnat , leduarB ed acitmelborp A .?adreuqse ad acitlop oa a arap oerid amugla rad edop avitefe etnemlaer es zirtam assE )ii

?otnemasnep ues me leduarB ed osep o ,etnemataxe , lauq )i :setseuq saud ratnavel omitgel ecerap son ,ossucsid asson raemoc arap ,leduarB dnanreF saicnrefer rartnocne erpmes iroiF ed rotiel o seisaco sadairav siam san euq odad ,otnop etsen ranava odnarucorP

.etnemasodadiuc rasilana somasicerp euq otcepsa mu etse E .sacitlop seacilpmi saus s otiepser zid euq on etnemlapicnirp ,otnemugra ues od socisb soxie so arbmunep an macoloc ,sezev rop ,euq sesnet samugla evlovne ogolid etse ,lamrof onalp on ,saM .aimedacA a animod euq sodazilaicepse siam zev adac somar me oadomoca aicndnet a atnoc a me somravel ,e es etnemlapicnirp ,levvuol moc e licfid aferat ogolid amU ues .airtsiH ,odnuges O arutreba .ocitlop

aus

,oduterbos

serodairotsih

sednarg

etnatsnoc

otnemasnep od e aigoloicos ad socisslc sod avitacifingis aneserp a oriemirp O .sodatlasser res meved euq iroiF ed arbo an setnatropmi sotcepsa sortuo metsixe ,ossid mlA

.ovitacifingis onava mu uotneserper somret setsen setseuq sa ralumrof)er( ed edadissecen a arap ,adatnemadnuf e etnednutnoc amrof ed ,ratneta etnemselpmiS .lanoicanretni acitlop a moc olucnv ues o ,oduterbos ,e sianoican sacitlop sad )aimonoreteh uo( aimonotua ed uarg sad o ritucsid es arap laicurc amet o e uarg o erbos mu ,onretxe o e a uominaer onretni o ertne seanimreted ,omoc renielleH

oditnes

ossucsid

,etnemaenatlumis

cirE e egnartS nasuS ed a omoc sexelfer ed ahnil an ocitlop redop o e ananif ad redop o ertne sotnemaalertne so erbos zul uonal s on etabed essE . oazilabolg ed otiecnoc od onrot

5
.airtapicname acitlop oa sepo ed euqel o railpma ,odom essed ,e seanimreted satse rassapartlu somedop ,sievn sues so sodot me laicos edadilaer ad sotnemadnuf sod avixelferrotua e etnassecni acitrc a moc etnemos :oarepus ed otnemivom o ratnemadnuf arap etom omoc ocitsngaid omsem etse asu ,zev aus rop ,airtapicname oidart A .omsiratnulov od ,etnemlapicnirp ,e oudvidni od lepap od ,ozar ad setimil so :omsilibomi ues o atlasser arodavresnoc oidart A .airnoiculover adreuqse alep omoc rodavresnoc otnemasnep olep otnat odazilitu res edop euq me adidem an ,ougbma otcepsa essE
3

sonem a )ii

oa

,euq me

aicniravni adadnuf

amu

omoc sod

aruturtse ad

ed

aiedi

airprp ,e

ad

oazitamelborp naicuL e hcolB

.9291

,selannA

alocse

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ervbeF

craM ed arbo ad ortnec on tse setneicsnocni siaicos seanimreted san adaesab ranilpicsidretni esilna amu etnaidem latnemicetnoca airtsih acitrc a :aicndecerp ad oacidnivier

a )i :socisb sotnemidecorp siod me adaesab ,serodairotsih sod oaer amu uodnamoc ele ,05 sona so arap 0491 ed adacd ad megassap an j ,odnauq uoemoc leduarB ed oigtserp O

.eicfrepus an rarepo ed lepap o ,etnemairassecen airtsiH airebac ,siaruturtse setnanimreted sod onalp on mairarepo acitsugniL a e aigolontE a otnauqne ,missA .eicfrepus an rarepo , otsi ,laicos adiv ad setneicsnoc sesserpxe s setnerefer sotnemicetnoca so e sodad so razinagro sanepa airtsiH airebaC .ossucsid a rizudnoc

aireved euq )lartnec siam zev adac lepap mu racidnivier a uossap ,aicnic otnauqne revlovnesed es oa ,euq( acitsugniL a moc adanamri aigolontE a are ,ssuartS-ivL ara P .sotnemicetnoca sod eicfrepus alep satluco setnairavni ratpac a atpa ,acinrcnis esilna amu me odadnuf ,asiuqsep ed ranilpicsidretni oapse mu ed oairc a sporp ogolportna etnegreme o ,)8591( laruturtsE aigoloportnA me etnemroiretsop odamoter ,)aigolontE e airtsiH( ogitra osomaf mu me ,0491 ed adacd ad lanif oN .ssuartS-ivL edualC iof ossucsid atsen arietnaid a uomot meuQ

.soudvidni so animreted ,oduterbos ,sam assapartlu etnemos on euq etneicsnocni somaretier e aviteloc osnemid amu ed seaname omoc siaicos seiutitsni sa racilpxe a ednet euq ,atnitsid etnemlacidar osiv amu ed lorp me ,soudvidni sod sairtaela sahlocse sad oturf mare siaicos serdap so euq ed aiedi a rilomed ed es-avatart :mifnE .sotnemicetnoca sod levn o rassapartlu ed sezapacni mare ,levrusnemocni e ralucitrap megaugnil amu ed sadatod meres rop ,euq e sotejbo sues me sadaednuf sairtinu sanilpicsid sad oarepus a etnaidem ,edadilatot ad onalp o arap amelborp od oisopsnart a airigixe aferat lat :etnerapa osnesnoc mu aivaH .oarud atruc an sadarocna ,otnatrop ,e serota sednarg sod edadivitejbus ad onrot me sadadlom ,sotnemicetnoca sod eicfrepus sadata etnemlevaidemerri es-mavartnocne XIX olucs on sadurtsnoc saicnic sa sadot :ocitsngaid on mumoc

me otnop ocin O .sievcinumocni ,otnatrop ,e soirprp sotelaid moc ,sadalosi sanilpicsid ed otnujnoc mu , otsi ,sianoicidart sotid serebas soa oisopo rop avad es oazilibom laT

.emon essed angid laicos aicnic amu riutitsnoc ,etnemaniuneg ,airedop otnemicehnoc ed opit etse etnemoS . sesnemid sairv saus me laicos oa

6
.odnum od opmet o marugifnoc euq aruturtse an seairav satnel sa ratpac rodairotsih oa metimrep ).cte ,airtsdni ad sotnemivom so ,oudorp ed sianasetra samrof sad levirav e axelpmoc amart

a ,arutlucirga a e airucep a ertne seanibmocer sa( oudorp ed samrof sad e soerp sod seraluces sotnemivom so onaileduarb ehcitef ortuo aifargomed ad otnemivom o omoc missA ?masseretni ehl socimnoce solcic

so otnop euq me etnemataxe ,saM .satsimonoce ertne oiperra asuac euq amet mu ,oarud agnol ed so etnemlaicepse ,socimnoce solcic sod onrot me ossucsid a erbos are esseretni ueS .ociftneic otnemicehnoc o arap zirtam otnauqne airtemonoce ed aiedi airprp a e soledom so oirs a uovel siamaj :oviteles otium are aimonocE alep oerpa ues E
4

o ,lacidar etnetrev aus me :asicerp siam amrof eD .laidnum aimonoce ad esilna an latatseretni ametsis od acimnid ad oudortni ad etnemataxe etrap ratagser reuq ele euq aicndneped ad airoet a ,adidem ednarg me :ator artuo rerrocrep etimrep son ossi E .raicnerever amutsoc iroiF ,sacitpoemoh etnemetnecserc sesod me ,lauq mu od o rotua ortuo etse ,evisulcnI .rebeW

xaM me tse latipaC siam ,uo( odatsE o

o e )latatseretni ametsis latnemadnuf olucnv

me sodaderne sodatsE sod ,etnemasicerp ziar a euq ecehnocsed on iroiF

ertne

.sadas sievssop sartuo rarolpxe arap ,otniribal ues oa somanroter uo )otnemivlovnesed o erbos etabed omoc meb( iroiF ed oxelfer a somatracsed ,odom

essed ,e leduarB rop atreba aiv an somecenamrep uo :essapmi mu a avel otniribal od ator atsE .omsilatipac od acipt odatsE o e latipaC o ertne edadicilpmuc a erbos omsilatipaC e aimonocE ,lairetaM oaziliviC me oduterbos setneserp ,sasrapse snegassap sanepa ariter iroiF ,mvnoc ehl odnauq ,scnarf rodairotsih levton od otnemasnep oa etnecajbus acitmelborp axelpmoc aD .sievtapmocni e sosrevid siautiecnoc sosrevinu a mecnetrep sobma siop oidure ed zinrev mu rad arap sanepa egrus :ocitmsoc etnemarem iroiF ed otnemasnep on leduarB ed ovitefe lepap o euq riulcnoc licfid on ,atnoc me ossi odut odnavel ,ogoL .oadomoca ed ossecxe mu rop adreuqse a acitirc meuq arap ohnartse airacif etse omoc rodavresnoc ot otnemasnep mu a oailif amugla racidnivieR .sovitabmoc siam siaicos sotnemivom so moc oalucitra an adaclac ,ataidemi mu moc acitlop ,ertraS oa an odartnec ed e edadivitejbus aicndnecsa alep ad odatneiro asiuqsep ed amargorp

luaP

naeJ

lautceletni

sioped

etnemlapicnirp

,odnautneca

es iof rodavresnoc siv esse ,siacidar sotnemivom a asneporp siam avacif asecnarf edadeicos a euq me adidem ataxe an ,E .ragul omsem on sonem uo siam ratnessa es rop abaca matnavel sale euq arieop a adot ,recerap massop euq seralucatepse siam rop :eicfrepus a mahnarra

s seulover satid sA .latnemadnuf anadum amuhnen rizudorp ed zapac on seareg sad otruc opmet o leduarB arap :setnedive os osiv atsed sacitlop seacilpmi sA

.seazilivic sad otnel etnemamertxe opmet on mairav siop ,sievmi os on euq sam ,laicos adiv ad setneicsnocni sotnemele so manimod edno edadilaer ad levn o , otsi ,oarud agnol omoc aruturtse ed aiedi sadanidrobus res maidop ,oipcnirp a ,euq sam sacinrcnis

etnemetnanimoderp ,oazilamrof ed odavele etnemavitaler uarg mu meussop euq sanilpicsiD . aimonocE an e aigoloicoS an oigfer uocsub leduarB euq acitsugnil alep adazilamrof

siam zev adac aiedi atse artnoc ioF .ssuartS-ivL ed otnemasnep o avatnemadnuf ,etnematsopus

7
.8991 ,sserP weN :kroY aweN .

yrutneC tsriF-ytnewT eht fo seciohc lacirotsih ro :scitsipotU

rev

,otsi erboS .acitlop acitrp an aciptu osnemid a rizudortnier me odahnepme evetse erpmes ele ,evisulcni ,E .ozar ed otreboc tse nietsrellaW leunammI ,siareg somret me ,soac od airoet ad onerret on sesrucni sadanabatse sa odnariT
6

.953-153 .p .0102 ,JRFU & VJSPE :orienaJ .aingriV ,setnoF rev ,amet etse erbos rarepus ratnet arap aroprocni euq

ed oiR

.omsilairepmI latipaC o e lisarB O

acitrc osiv amu araP .rotua od secnaun sa mamrofed euq ,sacirneg sacitrC .lanoican acitlop ad oirprp otnemivom od opecrep a edepmi )sedadinubus sa arap ametsis od( sanegxe seanimreted san adartnec osiv amu moc omsimusnocbus ed soart ertne oanibmoc a :sotnop somsem son erpmes medicni ,)etocap omsem on nietsrellaW sezev rop e knarF rednuG etnemlareg odniulcni( odacata on etnemlareg satief ,sacitrc siaT .otnemivlovnesed)bus( o erbos etabed od ol-inab arap setneicifusni os ozar ed uarg mugla moc sadot sadatnopa etnemlausu

saicntsisnocni sA ?adarongi etnemenelos res eved euq ,levsnopserri adreuqse amu ed etrap ele reS .iniraM oruaM yuR :otnemivlovnesed o erbos etabed on levnrotnocni siam zev adac latnemadnuf rotua mu arongi etnemselpmis sam ,otelaF e CHF ed ovitisop lepap o ecehnocer iroiF aicndnepeD e omsitnemivlovneseD mE .sosac siam H
5

,euq ed eset a ratnaced amutsoc iroiF ,tdnerA hannaH ed sthgisni moc levaiuqaM ed sohcert odnarutsim :redop od onrot me ociglotuat omsinacem mu me atluser erpmes ocitlana

ameuqse ues me otnemivom odoT .avitaler aimonotua amu sanepa latipac oa adraugser euq ,redop od acigl aicndecerp atsopus amu me e odatsE od acimnid an adartnec etnemlaicnesse ,aicntsni amitl me sonem olep , opecnoc auS .latipac od redop o e ocitlop redop o ertne esetns amu moc etnemavitefe uohlabart siamaj ele ,seasrevigret saus ed otiepsed a ,edadrev an :sona sod ognol oa etnedive siam zev adac odnanrot es iof ,oticlpmi etnemlaicini euq ,osluper ed rotaf ednarg mu h saM .etnetrev assed etnemasoletuac uomixorpa es erpmes iroiF

. rargetnised

es a odadaf tse onredom odnum-ametsis o ,lacidar aicarcomed an e omsiratilaugi on adadnuf ,avitnatsbus ozar alep adadnamoc oulover amu rerroco on es euq atnemugra nietsrellaW ,etnemlaicnesse ,ogoL .ossecus sonem moc ,lauta medro a retnam ratnet arap atsag aigrene siam zev adaC .aiportne ed uarg o avele euq o ,odniunimid tse satsilatipac etnemlaicrap uo on sanoz ed oagerga :ogrubmexuL asoR ad olitse oa osnapxe ed edadilibissop a :oisnart ed aus acop amu me someviv euq ed aiedi odnerrocer mu amrof ,megaugnil ed atse ad arap acitmelborp san soac

uizudart

nietsrellaW

,atsinutropo

otnat

,azerutan

saicnic

od airoet ad oaziralupop atsopus a e ecneicS weN ad aicngreme a moc ,samgidarap sod esirc a spA .ropartnoc es atnet e agolaid ele meuq moc serotua sod mu nietsrellaW ,aicndnepeD e omsitnemivlovneseD san me enoicnem o on e iroiF arobmE .siaicos sarof sednarg sad searugifnoc sadahlitnop marasserpxe

sasrevid

sesofromatem

sadnuforp ad

socitlopoeg e osnapxe

sotilfnoc ed

rop son

,atsilatipac

odnum-aimonoce

oartnoc

sotnemivom

es erpmes siauq sa ,latipac o e ocitlop redop o ertne osuf ed samrof sairv sad oiutitsnocer ad onrot me ativarg rotua etsed arbo A . nietsrellaW leunammI rop adaebacne ,avitabmoc

etnemlatnemadnuf ad setnairav sad

ecenamrep sanepa

adnia

euq

,artuO

.aicndneped rednuG e

ad

airoet luaP

ad

lacidar

etnetrev

amu

matneserper

knarF

naraB

.oviteles

etnatsab

iroiF ,zev amu siaM .ohlabart o e latipac o ertne osnet a e siatipac sod aicnrrocnoc a :samet siod sortuo e acitlop edadilavir a ertne oargetni a iof aicndneped ad airoet edadilativ ued euq

8
.latatseretni ametsis on redop ed saiuqrareih san seamrofsnart sa moc manoicaler es sele omoc odom o e oalumuca ed socimtsis solcic etucsid ele :asicerp siam etse rop adidneerpme ossucsid a ,odutnoC .etnedive XX olucs ognol O ed ihgirrA od socipt snugla moc edadimixorp A .)acimnoce e acitlop aicnrrocnoc ed serdap sod oacifidom ed e osnapxe ad otudorpbus mu( serota sovon ed otnemigrus o e )oarepo ed alacse aus e latipac ues o matnemua euq ,serodalumuca sednarg so( acimnoce oartnecnoc a ,)ortnec on ainomegeH alep atul a( acitlop oartnecnoc a etnemaenatlumis ralucniv atnet ihgirrA :avlasser amu oirssecen
8

.acitlopoeg an laicnesse ed uodum adan ,sarof sad ojnarraer od otiepsed a ,euq somev ,otxet o odnel :aenropmetnoc rednetne someved acitlopoeg avon rop ,osac etseN .7002 ,2 .n ,6 .v

,sokiO

.luS od acirf e lisarB aidn ,anihC ,aissR ad ragul o e seaN sad acitlopoeG avoN A

me mbmat e 8002 ,droceR :oluaP oS ;orienaJ ed oiR .

onaciremA redoP od ospaloC od otiM O

.F ,onarreS ;.C ,soriedeM

;.L.J ,iroiF :ni IXX olucS od oicnI on atsilatipaC latatseretnI ametsiS O me azeralc moc mecerapa saiedi sassE
7

sarietnorf sa agrala euq osolpxe amu anoted socitrc sotnemom sessed mu adaC .sadazilareneg sarreuG a e sesirc sednarg a avel euq ) acimnid edadisned ad oavele aicndnet

ad ihgirrA ed aiedi ralimis oincoicar mu( sacitlop sedadinu sednarg sad etrap rop avititepmoc osserp sa me os ed ossecxe oxie mu rop sadacovorp ,atsilatipac rop , latatseretni ad ametsis od sesofromatem O .osnapxe ele ,soac

ocisb o

ues

:ocitlop draH

,aicnlecxe

oacilpxe

rotudnoc artuo

oif

osrevinu

:secneicS

sad

etneinevorp

mbmat

,aroftem

eporp

od airoet a artnoC .nietsrellaW ed otnemasnep od acitplacopa osrev etnecajbus aiportne ad eset a retabmoc atnet ele odnauq aticlpxe siam adnia acif odatsE od edadilartnec A

.otnemasnep ues od sacitlop seacilpmi sa ralever arap euq od rirbocne arap siam ,sotnitsid siautiecnoc sosrevinu me mevom es euq serotua ed sotnemele ariter iroiF ,specrf ,leduarB ed osac on omoC .soslupmi sod oamilbus etnecserc a evlovne euq ,edadilibaicos ed amrof avon amu sam ,arof ad osu od omitgel

oilponom o on lartnec otnemele o ,ogoL .anredom edadeicos ad sacipt siaicos seaoc sa etnemetnecserc azilanretni euq oudvidni mu , otsi :)odacitsemod ,merireferp es ,uo( odazilivic memoh on atluser euq ,laicos adiv ad seroditsab so arap aicnloiv a racolsed a etnemacitametsis ednet euq oirtazilivic ossecorp )osoiretsim( mu ratarter reuq sailE euq oralc acif odot orvil o odneL .ieR od onrot me redop od oazilartnec ad otudorp mu essof aporuE an setroc edadeicos ad oamrof a es omoc :acitrcnissoidi otium amrof ed odairporpa ,odatsE od esengoicos

a erbos olutpac od sohcert me aiesab es ele ,edadilaer an :rodaziliviC ossecorP O me saditnoc sailE trebroN ed oxelfer ad soart ed airrtibra orosba a aditn siam zev adac sam ,aticlpxe sonem etnemlaicini ,etnof artuO .)rewoP fo tiusruP ehT me etnemlatnemadnuf adartnec( llieNcM nailliW ed aviteles arutiel amu me ,adidem ronem me ,e ylliT selrahC ed avitcepsorter acitlop aicnic an martnocne es saenropmetnoc saicnrefer sariedadrev saus ,oditnes esseN

. latipac

od sotiucric so erbos acitlop oalumuca ad levnimretni acigl ad oigtnoc o arap ohnimac uirba lanoicanretni aimonoce e sianoican saimonoce sa ertne osnet a areg euq ,acilbp adivd ad e sotubirt sod oacilpitlum alep sarreug sa arap otnemaicnanif ed samrof savon ralumitse oa euq ,etnatsnoc oatnemilaorter ed olcic mu areg otsi redop oa roiretna laicos oaler h on redop od onrot me etnerrocer atul a azilanoicutitsni opmet omsem oa e adnuf atsiuqnoc a omoc

9
.4991 ,241 .n

,tneserP dna tsaP

.noituloveR ladueF ehT .N samohT ,nossiB :aditrap ed otnop mob mU .amet etse erbos aifargoilbib amisstsav amu H .aicntsid agnol ed sodacrem soa etnemalelarap ,siacol sodacrem sod otnemivlovnesed o e lanoicalupop otnemicserc o odom essed odnaedacnesed ,aninimef oalupop ad oroporp a uovele euq ,ateid an anadum laudarg mrop ,atnel amu ed sotiefe so ;airucep a e arutlucirga a ertne oirbliuqe on e sarutluc ed laneirt oator an sadaesab saiedla sad oazilareneg a ;)edadnatsirC a erbos anaredil aus ropmi avatnet euq ,airtabilec( acitsiselce e )litrf e arierreug( agiel azerbon a ertne osivid ad oadilosnoc a :rebas a ,0511 e 059 ertne odautis seamrofsnart ed otnujnoc mu a uiuges es euq ,laduef osnapxe ednarg a omoc odorep esse racram adazilaicepse aifargoilbib an etnanimod aicndnet A .seazilivic siamed s aporuE a avagil euq aicntsid agnol ed oicrmoc od aifargoeg an sanadum satnel sa

,oruO on e atarP an sodaesab sametsisbus ertne oitepmoc a ,acitmsimun a ertne oalucitra ad es-atart ,edadilaer an airtenom airtsih etnasseretni amu ecerefo son 9891 ,sserP.U egdirbmaC :egdirbmaC .

eporuE laveideM
01

ni esu sti dna yenoM

me euq troffupS reteP :adazilautxetnocsed amrof ed ,rotua mu me etnemlatnemadnuf aiopa es

iroiF .otnussa on atsilaicepse rodairotsih muhnen ed oxelfer a moc edicnioc on oazidoirep asse e euqofne etsE 01 .ele moc ednufnoc es ,acitrp an ,euq omsilatipac od ovitutitsnoc ot otnemele mu sam ,satsilatipac-rp saicncsinimer ed oturf os on omsilairepmi oa sadaicossa sacitlop sa ,iroiF arap ,retepmuhcS ed oirrtnoc oa :anerefid amu H .52 .p .1691 ,rahaZ :orienaJ ed oiR

.siaicoS sessalC e omsilairepmI

.fc arof alep

etnemadatimili es-ridnapxe me odatsE mu ed etrap ad sianoicar sovitejbo mes oisopsid a :retepmuhcS rop adatoda omsilairepmi ed opecnoc etnematiefrep ednopserroc omsilatipac oa aicossa iroiF euq osnapxe ed ossecorp O .osoiruc otcepsa mu h saM .omsirodavresnoc o arap zev amu siam atnopa euq ,otniribal on ator artuo ecerapa iuqA
9

euq samelborp son ranava someredop ocuop seatropmi ed etneicifeoc od e oibmc ed axat a ertne aterroc oaler ad acsub an sadartnec merevitse seapucoerp sa otnauqnE .recserc olob o rarepse oirssecen ,soadep so ritraper ed setna ,euq ed amsifos o ovon eD .odipr siam recserc ori soirlas so e BIP o )?odnauq( sioped euq j ,oirsivorp res siaer soirlas sod adeuq a oicfircas etse euq odnetemorp ,soirlas odnatahca sorielisarb serodedneerpme sod aiccife ad oavele a eporp ,ocinct rajaugnil mu ed svarta ,euq e atsitnemivovnesed -ovon alutitni-otua es euq etnerroc amu me somracof ,aenropmetnoc acimlop ad ortned

,es onava mu adaredisnoc res edop s adatierpme assE .amelborp o evloser on odatsE od oazimonotua an adartnec osiv amu arap ossucsid ad edadivarg ed ortnec o racolseD

sairtapicname savitcepsreP
.sotaidemi siavir sosson odnajuperbos ,loS oa rohlem ragul mu rop razer uo ratul ,acitlopoeg ad otibm on ,otnatrop ,atser son s acitmelborp artsed odnitraP .lanoicanretni medro avon amu me raugased 0791 me adaicini atsilairepmi

adirroc A .setimil iussop on omsilatipac o :iroiF asnep euq o oN .omsiratilaugI od e laicos aitsuj ad onrot me adatneiro ,edadeicos ad lacidar oamrofsnart amu ,ortuo eD .aicnloiv e edadlaugised an sodaesab siaicos sametsis ed oavreserp a ,aicntsiser ronem ed ahnil alep ,odal mu ed :sedadilibissop ed sexief sednarg siod sanepa arap atnopa euq ,omsilatipac od latnemadnuf esirc amu ed oicni o adacd amsem atsen autis nietsrellaW ,etnemasoiruC .0791 ed adacd an uerroco osolpxe atrauq ad mipotse o e siod siam mariuges es sele A .lauta ametsis o uomrof , )0531-0511( IIIX olucs ednarg on uerroco euq ,oriemirp O .adailpma alacse me omsilatipac maircer euq soac avitairc atart oiurtsed es on ed socof ed mis o sam ,ihgirrA e reuq omoc euq ,sovissecus sovitilfnoc

01

socimtsis

ed

:amus

mE

.ametsis

maromirpa

magrala

sotrus soriedadrev ,sgnab gib sovissecus e sosrevid sam ,aiportne h on ,ogoL .osrevinu od

01
.avitefe aicarcomeD amu ed egnol someratse ,soirticilbup meritsixe otnauqne :amus mE .lareg me satarcotulp e setnaicnuna sednarg sod otirtser esseretni od odalucnivsed e larulp aidm a - seacinumoc ed ametsis mu ,lasrevinu aicngnarba ed e edadilauq ed onisne mu ed ourtsnoc a evlovne :otarab atsuc on otsi E
21

.)92 .p .2102 ,salertsE srT :oluaP oS .

emon ues
ratropus

rezid emet on euq adreuqsE A

e adinifed o essevitse euq j ortuo ojev otsopusserp

.rimidalV ,eltafaS( .oslaf siam adaN .ortuo od edaditnedi essarapmoc es etnemselpmis ahnim es omoC .edaditnedi amissp ahnim amu anerefid on , aus ad ritrap a etnemariemirp amu

edaditnedi od

es-etraP

.otseuq

,otnatne

atsE

?anerefid

somedop edno ta :otseuq etniuges ad etrap ,siarutlucitlum sacimnid san etneserp ot ,sanerefid sad oauqe A
11

.kitiloplaeR ad omsitile oa artnoc atul amu mbmat ,otnatrop ,ralupop aicarcomed alep atul A .soirteled sotiefe sues e omsilatipac od oarepus a artnoc atul etnemaenatlumis odanoicauqe res eved lanoicanretni ananrevog ad amelborp o ,omsilatipac od ovitutitsnoc otnemele mu latipaC o e )latatseretni ametsis :rohlem uo( odatsE o ertne esoibmis asnet a euq odaD .sodamra sotilfnoc sotnergnas me racobmesed medop euq serodazilibatsesed osnet ed socof odnizudorp ,redop ed saiuqrareih sa etnemaunitnoc aretla euq otaf ,ohlabart o moc oaziralop a e siatipac so ertne aicnrrocnoc a moc )levirav e( asnet amrof ed manibmoc es sacitlop sedadilavir sad soirprp sotnemivom so ,omsilatipac on :setnatropmi seacilpmi saud sonem olep met ossI .sianoiger sametsisbus son e saicntop sednarg sa ertne redop ed oiubirtsid ad onuf me adaludom ,aminm medro amu ritnarag ed o iof erpmes lepap ues O .sianoicanretni sairtemissa sad ouder a :latnemadnuf otcepsa odnuges od sometart euq egixe otsi E .ralupoP aicarcomeD amu ed oiutitsnoc

ad ogral oa rassap edop on otnemivlovnesed od otseuq a :somret sortuo mE .satsimonotua siam siaicos sotnemivom soa e seralupop soiesna soa aicnnosser rad meved euq acilbp

21

oarebiled ed soapse sod orofer o etnemairassecen mevlovne siauq so ,sedadinutropo ed e adner ed oiubirtsid a arap sovitefe siam soiem rairc ,otnatrop ,latnemadnuf otseuq A

.seazilivic sad euqohc od uo omsilanoican od emon me atsopmi etnemlareg edno ,acitlop soN osulcxe laturb siaicos siam a anec sad me artne ,levssop

on

oadomoca

atse

sosac

.setnegiv

seidnoc

ortned

odurtsnoc

res eved aicnrelot ad oapse otirtser o ,otnatrop ,euq e

11

iroirp a sadinifed otse sedaditnedi

sa euq otsopusserp od odnitrap amelborp etse ranoicauqe ratnet a uednet siop ,laicos acimnid a erbos seragluv siam siarebil sodalutsop so siam adnia radilosnoc rop uobaca :ovitagen otiefe mu uizudorp anerefid ad oazitulosba A .rodapicname otnemivom omsem etse a oierf mu omoc odnauta uobaca omsilarutlucitlum od orofer o ,etimil on ,saM .siauxessomoh e sorgen sod ,serehlum sad sivic sotierid so railpma e edadilibisiv rad oa etnemlaicepse ,rodapicname lepap ues o evet siarutluc me siaicos satul ed osrevnoc a ,eltafaS rimidalV atneilas omoC .omsiratilaugi o latnemadnuf oxie omoc ret eved atul a ,sanera sa sadot avlovne arobmE .edadisrevid ad

e saironim sad otseuq a ,olpmexe rop ,omoc acitlop atul ad sesnemid sartuo etnematerid on sonem olep uo atnalpus on acimnoce edadlaugised ad oacidarre ad edadilartnec A .laidnum acitlop an sairtemissa sa moc olucnv ues e acimnoce edadlaugised a :matropmi etnemlaer

11
.9002 .voN ,58 .n ,

sodutsE sovoN

.omsiluL

od sacigloedI e siaicoS sezaR .regniS rdnA ed otxet etnelecxe o rev ,otiepser etse A .acitrcomed etnemaniuneg edadeicos amu rairc ,sonem otium ,e edadlaugised a rizuder acifingis on atulosba azerbop a rizuder e recserC
31

,acitlop

acimnoce

osnemid

rargetni

odnacsub

,ossucsid

ad

onerret

radum

ratnet

ed orofse ues ed ,adidem ednarg me ,avired acitrc oidart ad oriedreh mu etnemacoviuqeni iroiF ed etnecer siam oudorp o ad aicnnosser ossucsid saiuqrareih A .acitrc ad sa oidart atse ,etnemairassecen a ,etnemacigart ,sadiuges

,euges

on

otnemivlovnesed omoC

erbos

etnecer

adamoter

,rartsom

somarucorp

.setnegiv

mavarofer

etnemselpmis

es ,seircserp sajuc ,siartnec sesap son odizudorp ocimnoce otnemasnep oa oaer amu omoc uigrus oirnigiro omsitnemivlovnesed o :adairc iof otnemivlovnesed ed aiedi airprp a euq otsi artnoc etnemataxe ioF .acitt atsed etrap zaf lanoican aimonoce ad otnemicserc o arap seidnoc sa A erbos .odom acinct omsem ,e ossucsid od amu a otnemivlovnesed euq arap od o erbos rof etabed euq o o rizuder ed avitatnet

eunitnoc

odut

oirssecen sariednab

odnadum

,sal-rugifsnart ed acitt

,odom

essed

atsissergorp

otnemasnep

samugla

ed

es-rairporpa

ahlev odnerrocer ,oief aus a radum a ednet rodavresnoc otnemasnep o ,sacitrc savitcepsrep sad otcapmi oa oisopo rop ,edadilibisiverpmi ed sotnemom setseN .laicos adiv ad sesnemid sa sadot me sadnuforp seamrofsnart ed otnemom mu odnassevarta somatsE

.sossacse sosrucer ed oirtiroirp rodacola omoc odacrem oa acitrc a otnauq airssecen ot saicntop sednarg sad lepap

oa e redop ed oirbliuqe oa acitrc a ,ogoL .lanoicanretni acitlop ad elims ues olep acimnoce aicnic ad ocinct latnemurtsni o riutitsbus ed es-atart ,osac oN .ouq sutats oa oiejus

levtiveni aus e latnemurtsni ozar ad sovitarepmi sod onrot me otnemasnep o ranoisirpa asiv euq ahlidamra artuo ocirfirep omsilaer od ,setnegreme so arap ,e redop ed oirbliuqe od edadilibativeni ad onrot me odizudorp osrucsid O .airoiam ad laicos ratse meb o sioped

,lanoiger aizamirp ad oadilosnoc a oriemirP .acitmgarp anretxe acitlop amu a sadaicossa otnemicserc ed sacitlop sad ossecus od setnedneped e soirdnuces es-manrot omsiratilaugi olep sadamina ainadadic ad aitnarag ed siasrevinu sacitlop sa edadeicos ad seroirefni sotartse soa sievtse soicfeneb ratsiuqnoc ovitejbo omoc meussop euq ozarp ognol ed sotejorp so ,ossid mlA .sesap so sodot arap oapse h on ,etnemetnedive ,ogoj etseN .saicntop sednarg sad acipt redop ed acitlop a alacse ronem me razitemim acsub atsilanoican etnemasneterp osrucsid o : sodanutrofa sonem so arap agnipser euq ocimnoce otnemicserc euq od siam ogla omoc

31

odidnetne es ,otnemivlovnesed oa odatimil otium oapse mu erba siop ,omsilatipac od sacipt oanimod somret me ed saruturtse sa rarofer rop ,ozarp ognol od on ,abaca sianoican adnuges a etnemavisulcxe edsed etabed

adasnep

aigtartse

amU

.XX

olucs

edatem

od ortnec od etrap rezaf ed uoxied ,etnemzilefni ,euq airtapicname adreuqse ad ariednab amu iof erpmes lanoicanretni e lanoican oapse on airtapicname atul a ertne amaglma O

21
.2102/50/52 sdnaloH ocimnocE ergaliM O ..saicntoP sednarG saud sad osnecsa ed ossecorp od avitutitsnoc ,opmet on maratnetsus es euq ,omsilatipac od socimnoce sergalim sednarg so sodot ,adnaloH

roiaM atraC
enifeder

etrap

marezif

ad sioped ,euq airtsih atse adot ed oil ednarg a ,mif roP :adnaloH a moc uoemoc odut E .redop ed saiuqrareih sa euq avisnapxe osolpxe a aruguani ,zev aus rop ,euq avitairc oiurtsed amu rareg ed sezapac

setile salep adizudnoc ,redop ed acitlop alep assap :ralimis idnarepo sudom a ,etnemlamrof ,oditeper res assop on ohnimac etse euq etlasser ele arobmE .2102/40/62

,roiaM atraC

senyeK ed setna otium slgni omsitnemivlovnesed

O .fc ananif e samra s ,arret sadagil setile salep ,oduterbos ,sam lairtsudni aiseugrub alep odaredil iof on oamrofsnart atse uizudnoc euq redop on ocolb O .ocimnoce omsimanid on acilbp adivd aus e acintirb ananif edadilartnec odnad ,lanoicanretni adeom omoc arbiL ad oadilosnoc a arap ohnimac uirba euq otaf ,)etnemlarutan ,ratilim aiv alep( ahnaterB rG ad lanoicanretni redop od osnapxe a etnaidem ,IIVX olucs on uoemoc slgni

ocimnoce ergalim o :setnecer siam sad amU .eset atse rartsnomed ratnet arap seartsuli sairv a errocer iroiF
41

?aicntoP lisarB od oledasep o ovon eD .sarielisarb saserpme sad oazilanoicanretni ed e siatipac ed oazilartnec ad ocilbp otnemaicnanif o moc anif ainotnis me ,lanoiger

alacse me etnemlaicini adasnep redop ed acitlop amu :)cis( omsitnemivlovnesed ovon od ocitlop otnemelpmoc o ecenrof osiv atse ,arielisarb edadilaer adatpada es ,euq rezid oirssecenseD .latatseretni ananob A . onalp redop on on atul ed o oivrp ossecorp euq ognol sad mu ed otudorpbus e( o acimnoce ad adidem

41

ocolb

epmoc

setile

)edadeirav

edadilauq

ednarg me edneped odatsE mu ed ossecus o ,))lamrofni omsilairepmi( oteridni oinmod olep uo atsiuqnoc alep sodailpma res medop euq( sosrucer ed oatod ad mla :aralc acitlop oacilpmi a ,)atsilatipac latatseretni ametsis mu omoc etnemacisab ,odidnetne euq( omsilatipac od oazinrete a riregus ed mlA .onairetepmuhcs orepmet evel mu moc ,osnapxe me osrevinu o moc aigolana acitxe a uoirc ,ocittse etnemetnanimoderp otnemasnep mu a otnemivom

ed aicnrapa amu rad ratnet arap ,aicnuqes an ,arap acitlopoeG a moc oamixorpa a iof ossap oriemirp O .odatsE od oazimonotua adimuserp amu ed rovaf me oanimreted a uetrevni etnemselpmis iroiF siuL soJ ,omsicimonoce o rarepus ed svni oa ,etimil on ,otnatertnE

.rahnimac eved ossucsid a euq ahnil atsen .odatsE o e latipaC o ertne airtidartnoc osuf amu evlovne omsilatipaC o euq ed aiedi ad odnitrap