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Patrice Lumumbaand the CongoleseStruggle for Independence
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 RBG Blakademics August, 2010Page 3
Patrice Emery LumumbaHistorical Biography
Patrice Emery Lumumbab. July 2, 1925, Onalua, Belgian Congo [now Congo(Kinshasa)]d. January 1961, Katanga provinceAfrican nationalist leader, the first prime minister ofthe Democratic Republic of the Congo (June-September 1960). Forced out of office during apolitical crisis, he was assassinated a short timelater.Lumumba was born in the village of Onalua in Kasaiprovince, Belgian Congo. He was a member of thesmall Batetela tribe, a fact that was to becomesignificant in his later political life. His two principalrivals, Moise Tshombe, who led the breakaway ofthe Katanga province, and Joseph Kasavubu, wholater became the nation's president, both came fromlarge, powerful tribes from which they derived theirmajor support, giving their political movements aregional character. In contrast, Lumumba'smovement emphasized its all-Congolese nature.After attending a Protestant mission school, Lumumba went to work in Kindu-Port-Empain,where he became active in the club of the évolués (educated Africans). He began to writeessays and poems for Congolese journals. Lumumba next moved to Léopoldville (nowKinshasa) to become a postal clerk and went on to become an accountant in the post office inStanleyville (now Kisangani). There he continued to contribute to the Congolese press.In 1955 Lumumba became regional president of a purely Congolese trade union of governmentemployees that was not affiliated, as were other unions, to either of the two Belgian trade-unionfederations (socialist and Roman Catholic). He also became active in the Belgian Liberal Partyin the Congo. Although conservative in many ways, the party was not linked to either of thetrade-union federations, which were hostile to it. In 1956 Lumumba was invited with others tomake a study tour of Belgium under the auspices of the Minister of Colonies. On his return hewas arrested on a charge of embezzlement from the post office. He was convicted andcondemned one year later, after various reductions of sentence, to 12 months' imprisonmentand a fine.When Lumumba got out of prison, he grew even more active in politics. In October 1958 hefounded the Congolese National Movement (Mouvement National Congolais; MNC), the firstnationwide Congolese political party. In December he attended the first All-African People'sConference in Accra, Ghana, where he met nationalists from across the African continent andwas made a member of the permanent organization set up by the conference. His outlook andterminology, inspired by pan-African goals, now took on the tenor of militant nationalism.
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