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University of Saint LouisTuguegarao CitySCHOOL OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND SCIENCESDepartment of Social Sciences
Philippine history
First Semester, Academic Year 2012- 2013ASIAN HERITAGEA. INDIANIZATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
Indianization refers to the propagation of the Indian Civilization.
This propagation was a two-way process, that is, the propagation of the IndianCivilization was effected not only by the Indian Colonists and colonizers, but also by theSoutheast Asians themselves. These Southeast Asians, particularly the Malays, werebold navigators. Hence, visiting the parts of India let them acquire Indian culture andbrought them to their native countries.
1. The Sri Vijaya and Majapahit Empire
Sri Vijaya MajapahitOther names Sin-fo-tsi(Chinese)Zabagin(Arabian)
 
Nationality MalayanCulture IndianizedCapital Palembang MajapahitCapital Mahayana Buddhist Brahmanistic HinduThe Philippines was never ruled by the Sri Vijayan and Majapahit Empire due to ff:
There are plenty of historical materials on Sri Vijaya as a maritime powerand its relation with China in the annals of Tang, Yuan, Sung, and MingDynasty. Of those materials, there is no mentioned about Philippines beinga vassal state of the Sri Vijaya Empire.
Chau-ju-kua in his chronicles, listed fifteen vassal states of the Sri Vijayaand the Philippines is not one of them.
Contemporary authorities on the history of Southeast Asia never claimedthat Philippines was a vassal state of the Sri Vijaya Empire.
The claim of Prapanca in his eulogistic poem,
Negarakertagama,
thatninety- four vassal states of Majapahit Empire includes Solot which hereferred as Sulu of the Philippines is not real. Most likely, Solots are thetiny island in the lesser Sundas which still bears the name Solot and thenortheastern part of Borneo.
 
2. Relations with the Orang Dampuans
The Orang Dampuans or Men of Champa are group of immigrants who came inthe Philippines from Southern Annam (Modern Vietnam) between 900- 1200A.D.
They established a trading post in Sulu that resulted in a flourishing trade betweenSulu and Southern Annam.
Their main interest is to have trade with Buranuns People of Sulu).
Their increasing prosperity aroused jealousy of the Buranuns who in fit of anger,massacred some Orang Dampuans.
Having superior weapons, they took their bloody revenge on the Buranuns and
having leveled the enemy’s village to the ground, sailed to their homeland.
 
3. Relations with Bandjarmasin
The Orang Bandjar (Men of Bandjarmasin) were immigrants from Bandjarmasin,Borneo settled in Sulu and engaged actively in the rich pearl trade.
They introduced the Indian influences in Sulu in which made Buranunspossessing Hindu customs and worshipping vedic gods.Evidences:
An evidence of the Philippine intercourse with the Indianized countries ofsoutheast Asian nations is found in the manuscript entitled,
Suma Oriental,which 
was written by Tome Pires. According to this Pire Codex, the Lucoes
 
(People of Luzon) annually sent trading vessels to Borneo and Malaccaand the Bornean traders used to sail to Luzon to buy gold or food stuffs.
 
Relics
 
Place
 
Year
 
Specifics
Gold Image of Agusan Wawa River nearEsperanza, AgusanProvince1917 Tara (Beyer)Bronze Image of Mactan Mactan, Cebu 1843 Hindu God Siva (Beyer)Lokesvara (Francisco)Copper Image of Ganesha Mactan, Cebu 1843 Elephant God of HindusClay Medallion ofCalataganCalatagan, Batangas 1958 Buddho- Siamese Art(Francisco)Gd Garuda Pendant ofPalawan
Brooke’s
Point, Palawan 1961 Mythical bird which servedas a vehicle of Hindu godVishnuCeramics from Cambodia,Annam, and SiamRizal province, Batangas,Laguna, Mindoro,Sorsogon and palawan
4. Indian Influences in the Philippines
 
Religious Beliefs
 
Bathala
- Chief God of the Tagalogs who was derived from Bhattara-great lord.
Bukidnon Four Cardinal Points Hindu Deities
Dumalondong North KuberaOngli South YamaTagolambong East IndraMababaya West Varuna
Also of Hindu origin was the belief of the ancient Filipinos that theuniverse is alive with devas and hantus, good spirits and evil spirits ordemons, through whom all good and evil are done in this world.
Mythology and Folk Literature
Bantugan, the mythological hero of the Maranaos and Lumawig, thelegendary savior of the Bontoc are identified with Indra of Hindumythology.
The Darangan of Lanao, the Lam-ang of Ilokandia, and the Ibalon ofBicolandia and the Ilim and the Hudhud of the Muontain Province wereinspired by the Mahabharata and other Hindu epics.
Fables
The Tagalog story of the monkey and the turtle, the tale of the racebetween the deer and the snail, and the Visayan anecdote of the hawkand the hen.
The hilarious adventures of Juan Tamad reveal traces of Hinduinfluences.
Customs and Traditions
Placing of a fresh flower garland around the neck of the visitor upon hisarrival or departure, symbolic of hospitality and friendship.
 
Before marriage, a groom gives dowry to bride’s parents and renders
personal services in the house of his future parents- in- law.
After the wedding ceremony, the guests throw rice upon the bride and thegroom.
Pagan Mandayas
 
Hindu
 Mansilatan Creator of the Universe BrahmaBadla Protector of Men VishnuPudaugnun Destroyer of Men Siva
 
The offering of a buyo (a mixture of betel nut, ikmo leaf, and lime) to aguest as an expression of hospitality.
A childless couple goes on pilgrimage to a holy shrine, whose deity isbelieved to have the power to grant the virtue of fertility to those notblessed with children.
Superstitious Beliefs
A maiden who sings merrily before a stove while cooking will marry anold widower.
A comet is a bad omen, for it is a harbinger of famine, war, or some othercalamity.
A pregnant woman who eats twin bananas will give birth twins.
When a cat wipes off its face with paws, a visitor is coming to the house.
If a sleeping person dreams that one of his teeth falls out, somebodyclose to him will die.
Mode of Dressing
Of Indian origin were putong (turban) of the men and sarong (lowergarment) of the women in pre-Spanish Philippines.
The Muslim men in Mindanao and Sulu wear tight- fitting trousers whichresemble the Indian putees and their women use embroidered shawlswhich are suggestive of the Indian sari.
Industries
Quicklime mining in Masbate
Boat building
Weaving of cotton clothes
Metal works
Musical Instruments
Kudyapi (Guitar)
Language
Filipino Sanskrit English
Ama Ama FatherAsawa Atawa SpouseRaha Raha KingSaksi Saksi WitnessMaharlika Mahardlika Noble
B. EARLY CONTACT WITH CHINA
 
Sino- Philippine intercourse begun in 10
th
century A.D. during the Sung Dynasty.
 
 
The earliest known authentic data of the Sino- Philippine in 982 A. D. was recorded by aChinese chronicler, Ma- Tuan- Lin in his monumental work entitled, Wen Shiann TungKao (General Investigation on the Chinese Cultural Sources)
 
 
The following are the Chinese influences in the Philippines:
 
 
Manufacturing/ occupations/ games
 
Gunpowder
The method of placer gold mining
The art of metallurgy
The use of porcelain, gold, silver, tin and other metals
Blacksmithing
Goldsmithing
Kite flying
Gambling- jueteng, kuwaho, pangginggi
 
Manner of Dressing
The sleeved jackets (kangan) of the pre-Spanish Filipino males, the loosetrousers of the Muslim and the dresses of women of Sulu andMinadanao.
The use of slippers, bakya(wooden Shoes), fans and umbrellas.
Of Chinese introduction was the yellow garb of native nobility, the bluedress of the commoners, and the wearing of white clothes for mourning.
 
Culinary Art and Diet
Roasting of pigs for a delicious meat
Brewing of tea for drinking
Cooking of such dishes as lumpiya, pansit, mami, tsapsoy, and ukoy
Appetizers such as tahuri, heko, toyo
Edible vegetables including bataw, petsay, and upo
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