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Ai~kcbl dh wel Aio~kwidm
L N L M
S C E D L A K M
S I O M K W \ ^ L
S K H K ^ I ‗ ; 8 G K Y S
_ i w m l s s
W e l
G k m
D h
B i h l
D m
W e l
S l ~ l m o l w i
P b k i m s
D|~ xleicbl is pk~jlg eioe dm k eibb dxl~bddjimo wel
o~llm Dbjk~ikmi Pbkims dm wel lkswl~m nd~gl~ dh wel aioewy
Sl~lmolwi-
Iw is gkm kmg wel ad~mimo s|m is ckswimo n~ibbikmw ~kys
dmwd wel xkbblys nlbd- Slxl~kb e|mg~lg wed|skmg
ibglnllsws k~l o~kvimo dm wel m|w~iwid|s sed~w o~kssls
eibl k bdmo biml dh vln~ks k~l akjimo weli~ ky wd k
mlk~ny kwl~edbl- _l sckm wel eibbs hd~ sioms dh {|icj
adxlalmw ‗ ibg gdos k~l mlk~+
D|~ o|igl mdwicls k hlakbl ibglnllsw byimo im k o~llm
pkwce dh wkbbl~ o~kss- Sel is ckbximo kmg iw is wel swk~w dh k
h~lmvilg 3!llj pl~idg im eice 90, dh wel mlnd~ms ibb
lmwl~ d|~ d~bg+
Kw hi~sw wel yd|mo ckbh sw~|oobls wd swkmg kmg iws
adwel~ is md dm el~ hllw bddjimo h~kmwic- Sel mdwicls wd
eylmks w~dwwimo wdk~gs wela iwe glwl~aimlg okiws- ‒De
md‑" skys dml dh wel bkgils im d|~ sakbb o~d|p- We~d|oe wel
nimdc|bk~s l siblmwby |~ol wel nkny ibglnllsw wd swk~w
adximo- Himkbby el akjls iw wd eis hllw f|sw ks eis adwel~
swk~ws wd ~|m- Welm el wkjls dhh mluw wd el~ kw k ~kpig
pkcl‗~|mmimo hd~ eis bihl khwl~ dmby ? aim|wls+
Hd~ k adalmw wel eylmks bddj s|~p~islg- Wely
alks|~l wel giswkmcl wd wel ada kmg nkny kmg dml
swk~ws wd ~|m im weli~ gi~lcwidm- _l k~l md edbgimo d|~
cdbblcwixl n~lkwes---
S|gglmby wel slcdmg eylmk giscdxl~s wel gisck~glg
pbkclmwk kmg blw’s d|w k bd|g ‒eddp‑ sd|mg- Wel ~|mmimo
eylmk w|~ms kmg glcigls wd fdim wel hlksw‗dml nkny is
skhl n|w slxl~kb dwel~ hlakbls k~l md byimo gdm---
Fkm|k~y‗Ak~ce is d|~ hkxd~iwl wial im Md~wel~m
Wkmvkmik kmg wel sd|wel~m pbkims dh wel Sl~lmolwi-
Weis skhk~i wkjls |s wd wel d~ioims dh wel O~lkw
_ibglnllsw Aio~kwidm- _l xisiw wel o~lkw pbkims el~l wel
ckbxls k~l nd~m kmg okwel~ sw~lmowe nlhd~l wely nloim
weli~ lmgblss cbdcjisl fd|~mly k~d|mg wel Sl~lmolwi lcd!
syswla-
D|~ fd|~mly swk~ws im wel |mgl~~kwlg K~|sek Mkwidmkb
Pk~j iwe sw|mmimo xils dh Jibiakmfk~d kmg Ad|mw Al~|-
Km dpwidmkb ckmdl skhk~i dm wel sclmic bkjls is imcb|glg im
wel iwiml~k~y+
Bkjl Akmyk~k dm wel lgol dh wel ^ihw Xkbbly is d|~
mluw swdp- W~ll!cbianimo bidms k~l wel nio kww~kcwidm el~l
n|w nio el~gs dh lblpekmw kmg swlkaimo edw!kwl~ sp~imos
akjl weis pk~j k cbilmw!hkxd~iwl+
Wel Mod~dmod~d C~kwl~ mllgs md imw~dg|cwidm+ _l
splmg wd mioews dm wel ~ia dh wel splcwkc|bk~ C~kwl~ iwe
lksy kcclss wd wel Eioebkmgs kmg wel cdbd~h|b Akkski- _l
imcb|gl wd xisiws wd wel c~kwl~ hbdd~+
Wel Bdbidmgd k~lk eks ibg gdos" e|ol el~gs dh
ckbximo ibglnllsws" akmy jimgs dh x|bw|~ls kmg knsdb|wl
n~lkwewkjimo sclml~y- D|~ ckap el~l is splcwkc|bk~ im
lxl~y slmsl+
Himkbby" l xisiw Mg|w| ‗ jmdm hd~ iws nio ckws+ Bidm"
cellwke kmg bldpk~g hdbbd wel ibglnllsws" okvlbbls kmg
vln~ks wd weis k~lk- D|~ b|u|~y wlmwlg ckap is bdckwlg ~ioew
im wel aiggbl dh kbb weis imc~lginbl kcwidm+
Luplcw k hl mdisy mioews ih k bidm hkaiby glcigls wd
e|mw mlk~ny+
I W I M L ^ K ^ Y –
G i k a d m g
S w y b l
Gky ;‗\SK $ L\^DPL6
Yd| k~l dm wel himkb blo dh yd|~ fd|~mly wd Lksw Kh~ick+
Gky >‗Jibiakmfk~d $ K~|sek Mkwidmkb Pk~j6
\pdm k~~ixkb kw Jibiakmfk~d Ki~pd~w yd| ibb nl w~kmshl~~lg
wd K~|sek Mkwidmkb Pk~j- Yd| aky lxlm sll k oddg slblcwidm dh
ibgbihl nlhd~l k~~iximo kw yd|~ b|u|~y bdgol dxl~bddjimo wel
md~wel~m lgol dh wel pk~j+ Wel bdgol dhhl~s luw~lalby
cdahd~wknby h|~miselg ~ddas" lkce iwe km dplm hi~lpbkcl kmg k
spkcid|s nkwe~dda lm s|iwl- Iw ~lhblcws wel 80’s kmg ?0’s ! wel
wial dh wel hiba .Ekwk~i+. kmg wel nloimmimo dh skhk~is im
Wkmvkmik- _l k~~kmolg lbcdal g~imjs kmg bioew smkcjs-
Dxl~mioew6 Ekwk~i Bdgol-
Gky 3‗K~|sek Mkwidmkb Pk~j %NBG)6
K skhk~i n~ilhimo is pbkmmlg kw 9ka- Khwl~k~gs yd| xisiw weis
|mgl~~kwlg kmg xl~y sclmic pk~j hd~ km luwlmsixl okal g~ixl kmg
k picmic b|mce- K~|sek Mkwidmkb Pk~j is k ~lbkwixlby sakbb pk~j"
cdxl~imo km k~lk dh ;3? s{|k~l jibdalwl~s %<>-9 s{|k~l aibls)-
Wel wdm kmg wel Pk~j gl~ixl weli~ mkal h~da wel _k~|sek
pldpbl ed w~kgiwidmkbby bixlg im weis k~lk- _l edpl wd sll
kmwlbdpl dh kbb sd~ws kmg n|hhkbd" bldpk~g" k~wedo" nknddm"
cdbdn|s admjly" oi~khhl" eippdpdwka|s" lwc- Km luciwimo >!ed|~
ckmdl skhk~i is imcb|glg+Dxl~mioew6 Ekwk~i Bdgol-
Gky 7‗Bkjl Akmyk~k Mkwidmkb Pk~j %NBG)6
_iwe glbicid|s picmic b|mcels skhlby swd~lg" l g~ixl lsw wd
el~l wel O~lkw ^ihw Xkbbly lsck~palmw wdl~s kndxl wel Akkski
bkmgs- _l pkss we~d|oe n|swbimo K~|sek kmg wel cdbd~h|b c|~id
ak~jlws dh Awd k An| nlhd~l lmwl~imo Bkjl Akmyk~k MP- Wel
pk~j is dml dh wel nlsw pbkcls im Lksw Kh~ick hd~ ni~gkwcel~s- Iw
eks mlk~by 700 splcils kmg wel luw~kd~gimk~y gixl~siwy dh
ni~gbihl g~ks ni~gl~s h~da k~d|mg wel d~bg- D|~ |mi{|l bdgol is
gllp imsigl wel pk~j: wel b|u|~y ~ddas k~l w~ll ed|sls c~kgblg im
wel nd|oes dh akedokmy w~lls+ Dxl~mioew6 W~ll Bdgol-
Gky <‗Bkjl Akmyk~k Mkwidmkb Pk~j6
_l glpk~w khwl~ n~lkjhksw wd lupbd~l wel akmy imwl~lswimo
k~lks dh wel pk~j" hbkmjlg ny wel <00 hllw lsck~palmw dm wel
blhw kmg wel bkjl dm wel ~ioew- Iw is edal wd k igl xk~ilwy dh
ibgbihl" imcb|gimo bldpk~g" n|hhkbd kmg lblpekmw- Iw is hkad|s hd~
iws lb|sixl w~ll!cbianimo bidms kmg edw sp~imos" ~lkceimo k
wlapl~kw|~l dh 80¶C$;70¶H ! edw lmd|oe wd cddj km loo+ Dwel~
ibgbihl imcb|gls Akkski oi~khhl" vln~k" k~wedo" eippd" sblmgl~
admoddsl" nb|l admjly" edmly nkgol~" pd~c|piml" eylmk"
ibglnllsw" Cdjl/s ek~wlnllsw kmg iapkbk- Wel pk~j kbsd hlkw|~ls
wel eioelsw glmsiwy dh nknddms kmyel~l im Kh~ick‗ |p wd >00
alanl~s pl~ w~ddp+ Km luciwimo mioew okal g~ixl is pbkmmlg hd~
wdmioew+Dxl~mioew6 W~ll Bdgol-
Gky 8‗Mod~dmod~d Cdmsl~xkwidm K~lk %NBG)6
D|~ lswk~g fd|~mly nloims iwe k >!ed|~ okal g~ixl md~we
wed|oe Bkjl Akmyk~k Pk~j kmg cdmwim|ls dm k micl wk~akc ~dkg
hd~ kmdwel~ ed|~ ks l g~ixl eioel~ imwd wel Eioebkmgs- Wel xils
k~l n~lkwewkjimo: wel sdib is xl~y hl~wibl ks is lxiglmw ny wel
lmgblss hk~abkmgs- Imsigl wel MCK Okwl" edlxl~" wel ~dkg
nlcdals xl~y swllp kmg c|~xy iwe glmsl f|mobl!bijl hd~lsw- Wel
sclmic dxl~bddj dm wel ~ia dh wel C~kwl~ ibb wkjl yd|~ n~lkwe
kky- Wel c~kwl~ spkms dxl~ ;00 s{|k~l aibls kmg is edal wd km
kswdmiseimo xk~ilwy dh okal- D|~ obkad~d|s bdgol eks Akkski!
imspi~lg s|iwls pl~celg dm swibws dm wel ~ia iwe dmgl~h|b xils-
Weis khwl~mddm l xisiw wel C~kwl~ hbdd~ hd~ k okal g~ixl-
Dxl~mioew6 C~kwl~ Bdgol-
Gky ?‗Mod~dmod~d Cdmsl~xkwidm K~lk %NBG)6
_l glsclmg wel swllp c~kwl~ kbb lk~by weis ad~mimo kmg
splmg ekbh wel gky dm o~kss pbkims wekw k~l wllaimo iwe kmiakbs-
Wel c~kwl~ is wel bk~olsw |mn~djlm kmcilmw ckbgl~k im wel d~bg-
Mlk~by we~ll aibbidm ylk~s dbg" wel dmcl!xdbckmic Mod~dmod~d is
cdmsigl~lg ‒Kh~ick’s Ok~glm dh Lglm‑ – k ekxlm hd~ wed|skmgs dh
ibg okal" imcb|gimo bidm" cellwke" eylmk" e|ol n|bb lblpekmws"
ibglnllsws" vln~ks" lb|sixl ~eimds" Wedasdm’s okvlbbls" eippds"
n|hhkbdls kmg pimj hbkaimods- Khwl~ k picmic b|mce l luiw wel
C~kwl~ ny ky dh wel md~wel~m kcclss ~dkg wd xisiw wel |mspdiblg
bkmg kmg mdm!wd|~iswy Akkski xibbkols- El~l yd| ekxl km dpwidm wd
eijl wd wel nlk|wih|b kwl~hkbb kw Dbadwi C~kwl~‗ dml dh wel
akfd~ kwl~ ckwcealmw k~lks hd~ wel Mod~dmod~d C~kwl~- Im
wdwkb" yd| ibb eijl knd|w >-?< aibls %7-<ja) kmg yd| mllg knd|w
>-< ed|~s wd cdapblwl wel w~lj kw k blis|~lby pkcl-Dxl~mioew6
C~kwl~ Bdgol-
Gky 5‗Bdbidmgd Cdmclssidm %NBG)6
Wdgky is wel swk~w dh d|~ {|lsw wd himg wel nio el~gs dh
aio~kwimo ibglnllsws+ _l g~ixl md~we hd~ slxl~kb ed|~s wd wel
sw|mmimoby nlk|wih|b Odb Ad|mwkims el~l wlms dh wed|skmgs dh
ibglnllsws oixl ni~we im Fkm|k~y$Hln~|k~y lkce ylk~- Wel
Dbg|pki Od~ol is el~l sdal dh wel lk~bilsw ~lakims dh d|~
splcils l~l |mlk~welg ny wel Blkjly hkaiby kmg l swdp hd~ k
sed~w xisiw wd wel sakbb n|w imwl~lswimo a|sl|a- Dmcl l c~dss
wel od~ol xkbbly wel~l ibb nl xl~y hl dwel~ xleicbls- Wel Odb
k~lk dh wel MCK is ibg kmg ~ladwl‗iw is dml dh wel bksw
|mgiscdxl~lg k~lks dh wel Md~wel~m Skhk~i ci~c|iw- Hd~ k hl
ed|~s kw blksw l olw k slmsl dh ekw iw ks bijl wd lupbd~l
Kh~ick kw wel w|~m dh wel clmw|~y+ _l ekxl h~igols im d|~ ck~s
kmg wel ~dkg is kcw|kbby {|iwl oddg sd iw is mdw k hki~ cdapk~isdm+
D|~ b|u|~y wlmwlg ckap is eioe dm k eibb iwe lmgblss xils dh wel
akomihiclmw cd|mw~ysigl+ Ih weis is yd|~ hi~sw wial im k b|u|~y
skhk~i wlmw" nl p~lpk~lg hd~ k xl~y pblkskmw s|~p~isl+
Dxl~mioew6 Mg|k~k Wlmwlg Ckap-
Gky 9‗Bdbidmgd Cdmclssidm %NBG)6
Xl~y hl wd|~isws xisiw wel Odb Ad|mwkim k~lk‗ylw wel
~dbbimo eibbs k~l dhwlm wel nkcjo~d|mg hd~ sdal dh wel adsw
alad~knbl iakols lxl~ hibalg d~ pedwdo~kpelg- Wel k~lk is kbsd
edal wd wel lmgkmol~lg _ibg Gdo eice l edpl wd sll g|~imo
d|~ okal g~ixls- Wdgky l blkxl ckap kw s|m~isl iwe cdhhll$wlk
kmg cddjils- N~lkjhksw ibb nl k~d|mg 9ka kmg welm l ekxl
blis|~l wial %hd~ kbjimo d~ ~lswimo) |mwib knd|w 7pa elm l od
dm k khwl~mddm okal g~ixl hdbbdlg ny s|mgdml~s dm k eibb wd
kwce wel s|mslw kmg k mioew wial okal g~ixl nkcj wd ckap+
Dxl~mioew6 Mg|k~k Wlmwlg Ckap-
Gky ;0‗Bdbidmgd Cdmclssidm %NBG)6
_kbjimo kmg lg|ckwidmkb xisiws wd wel mdm!wd|~iswy Akkski
xibbkols mlk~ d|~ ckap k~l xl~y pdp|bk~ kcwixiwils kmg yd| ibb ekxl
k cekmcl wd gd ndwe- _l ekxl slxl~kb dplm skhk~i xleicbls
kxkibknbl wd |s: iw is pdssinbl wd gd kbb!gky okal g~ixls ih yd| kmw-
N|w wel eioebioew dh lkce gky is d|~ slk~ce hd~ wel ibg gdos‗
wely dhwlm e|mw kw s|m~isl kmg s|mslw- Pk~jimo dm k eibb
s|~~d|mglg ny ibglnllsws eibl sckmmimo wel xkbblys hd~ pkcjs dh
ibg gdos is k we~ibbimo lupl~ilmcl+ _elm wely swk~w wd ~|m l
ekxl wd ~|se gdm wel eibb wd jllp |p kmg welm iw is k n|apy ~igl
wd olw cbdsl lmd|oe hd~ picw|~ls+Dxl~mioew6 Mg|k~k Wlmwlg
Ckap-
Gky ;;‗Mg|w| kmg Sd|wel~m Sl~lmolwi %NBG)6
‒Sl~lmolwi‑ alkms ‒lmgblss pbkims‑ kmg wdgky l g~ixl sd|we
hdbbdimo iws lkswl~m nd~gl~ kbb wel ky wd wel Mg|w| k~lk+ Yd|
ibb nl kakvlg ny wel xksw lupkmsl dh wel Sl~lmolwi kmg l
g~ixl pksw k hl jdpfls wekw ibb n~imo nkcj alad~ils dh ‒Wel
Bidm Jimo‑+ Khwl~ k cd|pbl dh ed|~s l ~lkce wel akim ~dkg h~da
Mod~dmod~d wd wel Sl~lmolwi kmg welm iw is k 30!aim|wl g~ixl
sd|we wd Mg|w|- D|~ b|u|~y adnibl ckap mlk~ wel bkjl kw Mg|w|
hdbbds wel el~gs ylk~!~d|mg" n|w yd| ibb mlxl~ jmd iw+ Hb|seimo
wdiblws" lm!s|iwl sedl~s" s|apw|d|s c|isiml sl~xlg dm himl
ceimk‗yd| ibb bdxl wel imwiakcy dh d|~ ckap kmg wel mioewby ckap
hi~l+ Dxl~mioew6 B|u|~y Wlmwlg Ckap-
Gky ;>‗Mg|w| kmg Sd|wel~m Sl~lmolwi %NBG)6
Sp~kbimo iwe eylmk" slxl~kb cellwke hkaibils" p~igls dh
bidms kmg cd|mwblss pbkims okal" wel Mg|w| k~lk is ekmgs!gdm wel
nlsw ibgbihl spdw im Lksw Kh~ick weis admwe+ Wdgky l lupbd~l
wel k~lks im wel xicimiwy dh d|~ ckap kmg wel mlk~ny skaps
el~l cellwkes e|mw wel akmy Wedasdm Okvlbbls+ Dhh!~dkg
g~iximo is kbbdlg im weis k~lk kmg weis kbbds |s wd swll~ cblk~ dh
dwel~ xleicbls wd himg d|~ dm luciwimo ibgbihl adalmws iwed|w
imwl~~|pwidm- _l kbkys pkcj k picmic b|mce‗dml mlxl~ jmds
ekw aky |mhdbg kmg welm l gd mdw ekxl wd ~|se nkcj wd ckap
hd~ b|mce+ Wdmioew l hkbb ksbllp iwe bidms ~dk~imo mlk~ny+
Dxl~mioew6 B|u|~y Wlmwlg Ckap-
Gky ;3‗Mg|w| kmg Sd|wel~m Sl~lmolwi %NBG)6
Wel Mg|w| k~lk cdmsisw dh wel Sl~lmolwi wd wel md~we kmg
wel Mod~dmod~d Cdmsl~xkwidm K~lk im wel sd|we- \mbijl adsw
d|whiwwl~s l pky im kgxkmcl wd w~kxl~sl ndwe k~lks" kbbdimo |s
wd himg wel aio~kwimo ibglnllsws ~lok~gblss dh weli~ bdckwidm+
Wdgky l pkcj k picmic nksjlw kmg od im slk~ce dh wel nio el~gs‗
k akomihiclmw g~ixl kc~dss wel lmd~ad|s pbkims dh wel Sl~lmolwi
kmg sd|wel~m MCK- Iw is weis binl~kwimo slmsl dh spkcl wekw
cek~kcwl~ivls wel Sl~lmolwi Pbkims" sw~lwceimo kc~dss s|m n|~mw
skxkmmke wd k seiaal~imo odbglm ed~ivdm kw wel lmg dh wel lk~we-
Ylw" khwl~ wel ~kims" weis odbglm lupkmsl dh o~kss is w~kmshd~alg
imwd km lmgblss o~llm ck~plw hblcjlg iwe ibghbdl~s-Dxl~mi oew6
B|u|~y Wlmwlg Ckap-
Gky ;7‗Mg|w| kmg Sd|wel~m Sl~lmolwi %NBG)6
_l ckbb weis ‒Nio Ckw Gky‑+ Ekxl yd|~ ckal~ks ~lkgy ks l
ci~cbl wel Mg|w| bkjls kmg skaps bddjimo hd~ bldpk~g" cellwke
kmg bidm+ N|w nl p~lpk~lg hd~ akmy glbioewh|b ibgbihl s|~p~isls‗
wel Mg|w| k~lk mlxl~ giskppdimws+ Iw is dml dh hl k~lks el~l
dml ckm kwce wel cellwke e|mw+ Kmg wel akbl bidms el~l k~l
nlk|wih|b- Wel sdgk bkjls c~lkwl splcikb pedwdo~kpey
dppd~w|miwils nlck|sl dh wel hbkw sed~ls kmg nlk|wih|b
~lhblcwidms im wel ckba kwl~-Dxl~mioew6 B|u|~y Wlmwlg Ckap-
Gky ;<‗Jibiakmfk~d Ki~pd~w ( hbioew %NBG)6
Weis ad~mimo is kw blis|~l nlhd~l l w~kmshl~ yd| wd wel
ki~sw~ip- Skgby iw is wial wd sky oddgnyl wd yd|~ skhk~i o|igl-
Yd| ekxl k xl~y sclmic 90 aim|wl hbioew dxl~ wel Mod~dmod~d
C~kwl~ wd Jibiakmfk~d Ki~pd~w el~l yd| ekxl k gky~dda %<
aim|wls h~da Jibiakmfk~d Ki~pd~w) wd h~lselm |p kmg pkcj-
Ih yd| nddjlg k skhk~i luwlmsidm" yd| hby wd yd|~ mluw
glswimkwidm el~l ml kgxlmw|~ls kkiw+
Gky~dda6 Jik Bdgol-
Gky ;8‗L\^DPL $ \SK $ Dwel~s6
Yd| k~~ixl edal iwe bihlbdmo alad~ils dh yd|~ skhk~i+
I W I M L ^ K ^ Y –
G i k a d m g
S w y b l
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