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L M L J
V F E A L K H J
V C O J H W \ ] L
V H D H ] C ‗ 8 7 G H S V
Dcl}flvakl P}lghwa}v ad wel Kco}hwcaj
P h v )
N h v
$
F i h v ‗ G h j o l }
I a a k v
L t l } s e l } l
Wel mco el}g hf}avv wel }ctl} d}ak |v cv }lvwilvv* Wel d}ajw }|jjl}v
ehtl }lhfelg wel }ctl}/v lgol hjg h}l ja jl}ta|v* Wel khw|}l ~lm}hv hjg
ciglmllvwv ehtl mhg klka}clv ad p}ltca|v ljfa|jwl}v cwe wel }hocjo
hwl}v cj d}ajw ad welk* Tl}s mhg klka}clv*
A|} tlecfil cv ph}blg mlecjg h e|ol Hfhfch w}ll aj wel ja}we mhjb ad
wel dhka|v Kh}h ]ctl} cj wel Khvhc Kh}h cj Bljsh* Cw cv a|} 6}g ghs cj wel
Kh}h hjg va dh} lhfe ghs p}ag|flg cjf}lgcmil vcoewcjov* Vltl}hi ilaph}gv
cjfi|gcjo h dlkhil cwe wa sa|jo ajlv* H icoewjcjo dhvw fellwhe e|jw wehw
ljglg v|fflvvd|iis cj h fia|g ad g|vw* H e|ol el}g ad m|ddhia vwhjgcjo welc}
o}a|jg hohcjvw }lplhwlg hwwhfbv ms h e|jo}s w}ca ad icajlvvlv* Hjg h tcfca|v
ecppa dcoew cj d}ajw ad a|} wljwv wel jcoew mlda}l*
M|w waghs p}akcvlv wa ml icbl ja awel}*
_l fhkl wa wel Khvhc Kh}h cwe wel eapl ad vllcjo h
ciglmllvw!~lm}h f}avvcjo( _elj cw ehppljv cj khvvl) cw cv hj cjf}lgcmil
vcoew + w}hocf cj ajl hs) slw lufcwcjo wa hwfe* Cw cv hj lpcf vw}|ooil mlwllj
mlh|ws hjg wel mlhvw* Hjg wel mlhvw galv jaw hihsv cj*
Glpljgcjo aj wel }lfljw }hcjdhii vaklwcklv wel feavlj f}avvcjo pihfl
cv vehiia) ecfe hiiav wel khna}cws ad wel el}gv wa f}avv vhdlis* M|w adwlj
wel }ctl} cv gllp hjg dhvw diacjo) cwe vwllp mhjbv lcwel} vcgl* Wecv cv wel
fhvl waghs* Wel el}gv ehtl feavlj h cgl vlfwcaj ad wel }ctl} wa f}avv hjg
cii ml h e|ol fehiiljol lvplfchiis da} wel lhb* Wel appavcwl mhjb cv vwllp
cwe ajis h dl jh}}a w}hciv* Weavl ea khbl cw vhdlis hf}avv cii
ljfa|jwl} h khna} mawwiljlfb hv wels vf}hkmil atl} wel mhjb*
-Iaab hw wel o}a|p ad ~lm}h cj wel d}ajw-) ecvpl}v a|} o|cgl* -Wels
bja wel}l h}l mhg wecjov cj wel hwl}* Wels cii jaw n|kp dc}vw(- Wel el}g
cv vliicjo cj j|kml}v hjg p}lvv|}l m|cigv da} wel |jda}w|jhwl ciglmllvwv
ea h}}ctlg dc}vw hjg h}l ja vehbcjo jl}ta|vis bjll+gllp cj wel }ctl}
ecil wel filtl} ~lm}hv ehtl vwlpplg hvcgl* Wel ciglmllvw el}g ehv }lhfelg
h pacjw ad ja }lw|}j*
-_a) wel}l/v h f}afagcil }coew mlwllj wel ilov ad wel ciglmllvw aj
wel }coew(-* A|} o|cgl cv ja oi|lg wa ecv mcjaf|ih}v* -Olw sa|} fhkl}hv
}lhgs ltl}sajl* C wecjb wels/}l oacjo da} cw-*
H sa|jo ciglmllvw iavlv ecv faai hjg n|kpv cj* El cv x|cfbis
daiialg ms pl}ehpv ecv kawel} hjg welj wel }ctl} l}|pwv cj h d}lj~s ad
we}hvecjo magclv hjg vpihvecjo hwl}*
Wel mhwwil ehv mlo|j***
N|is‗lh}is Jatlkml} cv g}s+vlhvaj cj Whj~hjch hjg Bljsh* _hwl}
cv vfh}fl* Wec}vw cv ltl}sel}l* Da} wel mco fhwv) wel dl va|}flv ad
pl}khjljw hwl} h}l wel pl}dlfw pihflv wa ihs cj hkm|ve*
Wecv vhdh}c whblv sa| wa wel dhka|v }ctl}v el}l wel p}lghwa}v
hcw* Ficljwv feaavl mlwllj wa lufcwcjo cwcjl}h}clv> Whj~hjch Daf|v a}
Bljsh Daf|v* Mawe cwcjl}h}clv cjfi|gl wel Khvhc Kh}h‗daf|v ad wel
ciglmllvw kco}hwcaj N|i+Jat*
A|} Whj~hjch Daf|v na|}jls vwh}wv cj wel Ja}wel}j Vl}ljolwc jlh} wel
mhjbv ad wel Whj~hjchj vlfwcaj ad wel Kh}h ]ctl}* Cd wel el}gv katl va|we
icbl wels adwlj ga) l cii ml cj h o}lhw pavcwcaj wa hwfe wel fhwv cwe dl
awel} plapil* _l vwhs cj h i|u|}s vlhvajhi wljwlg fhkp da} we}ll jcoewv*
_l welj mah}g h vfljcf dicoew wa wel dhka|v Joa}ajoa}a F}hwl} + cw
jllgv ja cjw}ag|fwcaj( Sa| vpljg wa jcoewv aj wel }ck cwe vplfwhf|ih}
tclv cjwa wel F}hwl}* _l cjfi|gl wa tcvcwv wa wel f}hwl} diaa}( Olwwcjo
}lhiis fiavl wa }ecja) esljh hjg fhwv cv tl}s lufcwcjo*
A|} Bljsh Daf|v na|}jls tcvcwv wel Velig}cfb Lilpehjw vhjfw|h}s)
Bljsh _cigicdl Vl}tcfl) Bh}lj Miculj Lvwhwl hjg wel Oc}hddl Fljwl} cj
Jhc}amc*
_l welj mah}g h vfljcf dicoew da} wa jcoewv cj wel dhka|v Kl}|
Jhwcajhi Ph}b‗ajl ad wel wa h}lhv cj ecfe fajvl}thwcajcvwv Ola}ol
Hghkvaj hjg Nas Hghkvaj }hcvlg Livh wel Icajlvv khgl dhka|v cj wel mlvw
vliicjo maab hjg hh}g cjjcjo katcl Ma}j D}ll
Jluw cv h vea}w dicoew wa Vhkm|}| Jhwcajhi ]lvl}tl) eakl ad vltl}hi
|jcx|l vplfclv jaw vllj cj kavw awel} }lvl}tlv v|fe hv Oljl}|b) O}lts/v
^lm}h) Vakhic Avw}cfe) $ ]lwcf|ihwlg Oc}hddl* _l vwhs wa ajgl}d|i jcoewv
cj Vhkm|}|*
Dcjhiis) l dis wa pl}ehpv a|} dhta}cwl }lvl}tl cj hii ad Hd}cfh) wel
Khvhc Kh}h) el}l l cii vpljg a|} dcjhi dctl jcoewv cj h i|u|}s wljwlg
fhkp jlh} hii wel hfwcaj* _l eapl wa cwjlvv ajl ad jhw|}l/v o}lhwlvw
vplfwhfilv + wel vw}|ooil mlwllj f}afagcilv hjg wel e|ol kco}hwcjo el}gv*
Wel vhdh}c ljgv cwe sa|} dicoew mhfb wa Jhc}amc el}l sa| ehtl h
ghs}aak mlda}l sa|} dicoew eakl*
Wecv vhdh}c cv addl}lg cj Gchkajg) Oaig hjg Vcitl} vwsilv* Wel
cwcjl}h}clv h}l wel vhkl m|w gcddl} cj p}cfl mlfh|vl ad iagocjo favwv cwe
Gchkajg vwsil mlcjo wel kavw lufi|vctl*
C W C J L ] H ] S ‖
G c h k a j g
V w s i l + W h j ~ h j c h
Ghs 8‗\VH ! L\]APL>
Sa| h}l cj wel hc} aj sa|} na|}jls wa Lhvw Hd}cfh(
Ghs =‗Bcickhjnh}a ! H}|veh %M#>
\paj h}}cthi hw Bcickhjnh}a Hc}pa}w sa| cii ml w}hjvdl}}lg
wa sa|} H}|veh Eawli hma|w hj ea|} wa wel lvw ad wel hc}pa}w*
H}|veh Faddll Iagol iclv f}hgilg cj wel ljgilvv hf}lv ad
Whj~hjch–v ih}olvw faddll pihjwhwcaj* Wecv lufi|vctl) ma|wcx|l
eawli iagol ehv mllj glvcojlg h}a|jg wel dh}kv– a}cocjhi
pihjwhwcaj eaklv) }hgchwcjo wel h}kwe hjg cjtcwhwcaj ad wel aig
faiajchi pihjwhwcaj eaklv ecvwa}cfhiis gcvwcjfwctl wa wel faddll
pihjwhwcajv* _l h}}hjolg lifakl g}cjbv hjg icoew vjhfbv*
Atl}jcoew> H}|veh Faddll Iagol*
Ghs 6‗Ja}wel}j Vl}ljolwc %MIG#>
_l w}hjvdl} sa| lh}is wa H}|veh Hc}pa}w hma|w 60 kcj|wlv
hhs* Sa| cii mah}g h fakda}whmil m|ve pihjl hjg dis h tl}s
vfljcf }a|wl wa wel ja}wel}j Vl}ljolwc* \paj h}}cthi sa| cii ml
klw ms sa|} vhdh}c o|cgl hjg w}hjvdl}}lg wa sa|} fhkp hdwl} h
vea}w ohkl g}ctl* Wel ja}wel}j Vl}ljolwc cv mlh|wcd|i hjg wel
eciis wl}}hcj th}clv d}ak o}hvvihjg wa m|ve* _cwe Bljsh–v Khvhc
Kh}h Jhwcajhi Ph}b wa wel ja}we) wecv h}lh cv ph}w ad wel o}lhwl}
Kh}h+Vl}ljolwc lfa+vsvwlk hjg wel mco ciglmllvw el}gv katl
mhfb hjg da}we cj vlh}fe ad mlwwl} o}h~cjo hjg
hwl}*Atl}jcoew> Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp*
Ghs 7‗Ja}wel}j Vl}ljolwc %MIG#>
Whj~hjch/v aiglvw hjg kavw pap|ih} jhwcajhi ph}b) wel
Vl}ljolwc cv dhklg da} cwv hjj|hi kco}hwcaj) elj vakl vcu kciicaj
eaatlv pa|jg wel aplj pihcjv) hv ka}l wehj =00)000 ~lm}h hjg
600)000 Weakvaj/v oh~liil nacj wel ciglmllvw–v w}lb da} d}lve
o}h~cjo* Waghs l lupia}l wel h}lh h}a|jg a|} fhkp) iaabcjo da}
fhwv hjg awel} cigicdl* _l }lw|}j wa fhkp cj wel ihwl hdwl}jaaj*
Di|vecjo wacilwv) lj+v|cwl veal}v) v|kpw|a|v f|cvcjl vl}tlg aj
dcjl fecjh‗sa| cii iatl wel cjwckhfs ad a|} fhkp hjg wel jcoewis
fhkp dc}l(Atl}jcoew> Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp
Ghs <‗Ja}wel}j Vl}ljolwc %MIG#>
Wel dhka|v Kh}h ]ctl} diav we}a|oe wel ja}wel}j
Vl}ljolwc wa cwv gliwh cj Ihbl Tcfwa}ch* Hdwl} elhts }hcjv) wel
}ctl} cv w}lhfel}a|v fihckcjo wel ictlv ad wea|vhjgv ad
ciglmllvwv hjg ~lm}h ltl}s slh}* A|} ohkl g}ctlv waghs cii
daf|v aj wel h}lhv ja}we ad wel Kh}h ]ctl} hjg hiajo cwv mhjbv
el}l e|ol f}afagcilv mhbl cj wel v|j* Ih}ol dhkciclv ad ecppav
pap|ihwl ltl}s paai hjg welc} jacvs o}|jwv h}l x|cjwlvvljwchi
Hd}cfh( _cwe h mcw ad i|fb l khs vll ih}ol el}gv ad
ciglmllvwv(Atl}jcoew> Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp
Ghs 4‗Joa}ajoa}a Fajvl}thwcaj H}lh %MIG#>
Hdwl} m}lhbdhvw) sa|} cii ml w}hjvdl}}lg wa wel hc}vw}cp da}
hjawel} vfljcf dicoew wa Ihbl Khjsh}h Hc}vw}cp elj a|} o|cgl
cii ml hcwcjo( Cw cv h m}lhwewhbcjois mlh|wcd|i g}ctl d}ak wel
hc}vw}cp wa sa|} iagol2 wel vaci cv tl}s dl}wcil hv cv ltcgljw ms wel
ljgilvv dh}kihjgv* Cjvcgl wel JFH Ohwl) ealtl}) wel }ahg
mlfaklv tl}s vwllp hjg f|}ts cwe gljvl n|joil+icbl da}lvw* Wel
vfljcf atl}iaab aj wel }ck ad wel F}hwl} cii whbl sa|} m}lhwe
hhs* Wel f}hwl} vphjv atl} 800 vx|h}l kcilv hjg cv eakl wa hj
hvwajcvecjo th}clws ad ohkl* A|} oihka}a|v iagol ehv Khhvhc+
cjvpc}lg v|cwlv pl}felg aj vwciwv aj wel }ck cwe ajgl}d|i tclv*
Wecv hdwl}jaaj l tcvcw wel F}hwl} diaa} da} h ohkl g}ctl*
Atl}jcoew> F}hwl} Iagol**
Ghs ?‗Joa}ajoa}a Fajvl}thwcaj H}lh %MIG#>
_l glvfljg wel vwllp f}hwl} hii lh}is wecv ka}jcjo hjg
vpljg ehid wel ghs aj o}hvv pihcjv wehw h}l wllkcjo cwe hjckhiv*
Wel f}hwl} cv wel ih}olvw |jm}ablj hjfcljw fhigl}h cj wel a}ig*
Jlh}is we}ll kciicaj slh}v aig) wel ajfl+taifhjcf Joa}ajoa}a cv
fajvcgl}lg ’Hd}cfh–v Oh}glj ad Lglj‛ ‖ h ehtlj da} wea|vhjgv ad
cig ohkl) cjfi|gcjo icaj) fellwhe) esljh) e|ol m|ii lilpehjwv)
ciglmllvwv) ~lm}hv) li|vctl }ecjav) Weakvaj–v oh~liilv) ecppav)
m|ddhialv hjg pcjb dihkcjoav* Hdwl} h pcfjcf i|jfe l lucw wel
F}hwl} ms hs ad wel ja}wel}j hfflvv }ahg wa tcvcw wel |jvpacilg
ihjg hjg jaj+wa|}cvws Khhvhc tciiholv* El}l sa| ehtl hj apwcaj wa
ecbl wa wel mlh|wcd|i hwl}dhii hw Aikawc F}hwl}‗ ajl ad wel
khna} hwl} fhwfekljw h}lhv da} wel Joa}ajoa}a F}hwl}* Cj
wawhi) sa| cii ecbl hma|w =*?< kcilv %7*<bk# hjg sa| jllg hma|w
=*< ea|}v wa fakpilwl wel w}lb hw h ilcv|}lis phfl*Atl}jcoew>
F}hwl} Iagol*
Ghs 5‗Khvhc Kh}h cj Bljsh %MIG#>
Hdwl} m}lhbdhvw l w}hjvdl} sa| mhfb wa Khjsh}h Hc}vw}cp
da} sa|} dicoew wa wel Khvhc Kh}h tch Bcickhjnh}a hjg Jhc}amc
_civaj( Sa| h}}ctl hw wel Kh}h Hc}vw}cp %hdwl} wels filh} wel
hc}vw}cp ad cigicdl cwe h disatl}# el}l sa|} o|cgl cii ml
hcwcjo* Cw hj ea|}+iajo ohkl g}ctl wa sa|} fhkp*Atl}jcoew>
Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp
Ghs 3‗Khvhc Kh}h cj Bljsh %MIG#>
Hj ea|}+iajo mhiiaaj }cgl atl} wel Kh}h cv hj apwcaj da} sa|
g|}cjo sa|} vwhs* _cwe hj h}lh ad 8<80 bk½ wel Khvhc Kh}h cv jaw
wel ih}olvw ohkl ph}b cj Bljsh) m|w cw cv p}amhmis wel kavw
dhka|v* Wel ljwc}l h}lh ad wel ph}b cv jlvwilg cwecj wel
lja}ka|v O}lhw ]cdw Thiils wehw luwljgv d}ak wel Klgcwl}}hjlhj
Vlh wa Va|we Hd}cfh* A|} ohkl g}ctlv waghs whbl |v cjwa wel
}lvl}tl el}l l cii mlocj a|} x|lvw wa cwjlvv h f}avvcjo ad wel
Kh}h ]ctl}* A|} fhkp cv x|cwl jacvs hw jcoew cwe icaj }ah}v hjg
ecppa o}|jwv* Lh}pi|ov khs ml }lx|c}lg cd sa| h}l h icoew
villpl}*Atl}jcoew> Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp
Ghs 80‗Khvhc Kh}h cj Bljsh %MIG#>
Wel Khvhc Kh}h cv pl}ehpv kavw dhka|v da} cwv icajv* Hii
awel} klkml}v ad wel -Mco Dctl- h}l wa ml da|jg cj wel Khvhc
Kh}h) hiwea|oe wel pap|ihwcaj ad mihfb }ecjafl}av cv vltl}lis
we}lhwljlg) cwe h pap|ihwcaj ad ajis 6? }lfa}glg cj =000*
Ecppapawhkc h}l da|jg cj ih}ol o}a|pv cj wel Khvhc Kh}h hjg
Whilb ]ctl}v* Fellwhe cv hiva wa ml da|jg) hiwea|oe welc} j|kml}v
h}l hiva we}lhwljlg) fecldis g|l wa wa|}cvw gcv}|pwcaj ad welc}
ghs+wckl e|jwcjo* Wel pihcjv mlwllj wel Kh}h ]ctl} hjg wel
Lvacw Aiaaiaia Lvfh}pkljw h}l p}amhmis wel mlvw h}lh da} ohkl
tclcjo) cj ph}wcf|ih} icaj hjg fellwhe) hjg l cii vpljg h iaw ad
wckl lupia}cjo wecv h}lh*Atl}jcoew> Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg
Fhkp
Ghs 88‗Khvhc Kh}h cj Bljsh %MIG#>
Hv cj wel Vl}ljolwc) wel ciglmllvw h}l wel gakcjhjw
cjehmcwhjw ad wel Khvhc Kh}h) hjg welc} j|kml}v h}l lvwckhwlg cj
wel kciicajv* H}a|jg N|is ad lhfe slh} welvl |johcjis hjckhiv
kco}hwl cj h thvw ljvlkmil ja}we d}ak wel Vl}ljolwc pihcjv cj
vlh}fe ad d}lve phvw|}l) hjg }lw|}j wa wel va|we h}a|jg Afwaml}*
Wel O}lhw Kco}hwcaj cv ajl ad wel kavw ckp}lvvctl jhw|}hi ltljwv
a}igcgl) cjtaitcjo hj ckkljvcws ad el}tcma}lv> vakl 8)600)000
_ciglmllvw) 640)000 Weakvaj/v Oh~liil) hjg 838)000 ^lm}h*
Waghs cv hjawel} appa}w|jcws wa vll h f}avvcjo hjg l cii khbl
a|} hs gaj wa wel }ctl} cj wel lh}is ka}jcjo*Atl}jcoew>
Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp
Ghs 8=‗Khvhc Kh}h cj Bljsh %MIG#>
Wecv cv a|} ihvw d|ii ghs cj wel Kh}h hjg l whbl wckl wa
hpp}lfchwl wel vw|jjcjo vfljl}s hjg }cfe cigicdl* Cw cv h khocfhi
h}lh wehw jltl} gcvhppacjwv elwel} sa| ga ohkl g}ctlv cjvcgl a}
a|wvcgl wel }lvl}tl* Cw cv jaw |jfakkaj wa dcjg e|ol el}gv hjg
khjs fhwv a|wvcgl wel }lvl}tl cj wel gcddl}ljw fajvl}thjfclv
wehw ma}gl} wel }lvl}tl* _cwe h <+jcoew vwhs a|} fehjflv h}l
lufliiljw wa vll }ctl}+f}avvcjov hjg ltlj fhwv e|jwcjo*
Atl}jcoew> Lufi|vctl I|u|}s Wljwlg Fhkp
Ghs 86‗Jhc}amc Hc}pa}w $ dicoew %MIG#>
Wecv ka}jcjo cv hw ilcv|}l mlda}l l w}hjvdl} sa| wa wel
hc}vw}cp* Vhgis cw cv wckl wa vhs oaagmsl wa Hd}cfh*
Cd sa| maablg h vhdh}c luwljvcaj) sa| dis wa sa|} jluw
glvwcjhwcaj el}l jl hgtljw|}lv hhcw(
Awel}cvl) sa| ehtl h tl}s vfljcf 40 kcj|wl dicoew wa _civaj
Hc}pa}w el}l h g}ctl} cii kllw sa| da} wel =0+kcj|wl g}ctl wa
wel eawli el}l l }lvl}tlg h ghs}aak wa d}lvelj |p hjg phfb*
Wel eawli cii w}hjvdl} sa| wa Jhc}amc Cjwl}jhwcajhi Hc}pa}w hw
4pk* Ghs}aak> Phjh}c Eawli*
Ghs 87‗L\]APL ! \VH ! Awel}v>
Sa| h}}ctl eakl cwe icdliajo klka}clv ad sa|} vhdh}c(
C W C J L ] H ] S ‖
G c h k a j g
V w s i l + W h j ~ h j c h
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