eCitizen2.0

Te ordinary citizen as a supplierof public-sector information

Petter Bae Brandtzæg Marika Lüders

A SINTEF-report written on behalf of the Ministry of GovernmentAdministration and Reform.ISBN: 978-82-14-04411-9

able o contents

Summary

.............................................................................................5

Executive summary

.............................................................................6

1. Introduction

...................................................................................111.1 The potential for new information ..............................................111.3 The most important services of the future ....................................11

1.4 Difcult public-sector portals

.....................................................111.5 Citizens help citizens ..................................................................12

1.6 Growing demands for openness and efciency

............................121.7 The digital information leap ........................................................12

2. The aims, methods and structure of this report

.........................132.1 Aims ..........................................................................................132.3 Structure ......................................................................................13

3. What is user-generated content?

.................................................15

3.1 Different types of user-generated content (UGC)

.......................15

3.2 Platforms for user-generated content

............................................16

4. Status and trends in social networking sites in Norway

............174.1 Norwegian social networking sites ...............................................184.2 Trends in social networking sites ..................................................22

4.3 Summary and signicance for public-sector ICT policy

..............24

5. The Internet culture of participation and democracy

...............25

5.1 Models of democracy

....................................................................255.2 The culture of participation and digital divides ............................26

5.3 Summary

.......................................................................................26

6. The study: user behaviour, user-generated content andpublic-sector information

............................................................276.1 Methods.........................................................................................276.2 Results ...........................................................................................27

6.3 Summary of new empirical data

...................................................33

7. Survey of international trends

.....................................................33

7.1 The use of social media by well-known politicians

......................34

7.2 User-generated initiatives from various internationaleGov bodies

..................................................................................37

7.3 User-generated services created by eGovgeeks andnon-public sector participants

......................................................397.4 Citizen journalism .........................................................................42

7.5 Central reports on eGov and web 2.0

............................................43

7.6 Summary of international trends

...................................................45

8. The authorities and access to data

...............................................45