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Perimeter of a triangle
The sum total length of all the three sides of a triangle is called its perimeter.In figure 4-8 the perimeter of the
Triangle PQR
 
2439
PQ QR PR cm cm cm cm
+ + = + + =
 
Median of a Triangle
The median of a triangle is the line segment joining a vertex to the mid-point ofthe opposite side.Consider a triangle PQR, mark the mid point of
QR
and name it S. Similarlymark the mid point of
 RP
and
PQ
. Let them respectively be T and U. Now join Pto S, Q to T and R to U. The lines PS, QT and RU are the medians of the trianglePQR. The three medians of a triangle are always concurrent at a point. Here, O isthe point of concurrence of the median of
Triangle PQR
and is known as theCentroid of the triangle. Thus, Centroid is the point of concurrence of themedians of a triangle.
 
 
The centroid of a triangle divides the medians in a ratio 2:1 from the vertex of thetriangle. In figure 4-9, OP=2 OS, OQ=2OT and OR=2OU.It should be noted that:a. Medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.b. Medians to the equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal.c. The centroid of a triangle lies in the interior of the triangle.
Altitude of a Triangle
The altitude of a triangle is the line segment drawn from a vertex, perpendicularto the other side.In figure 4-10,
PS QR
⊥
from the vertex P to the side QR. Therefore,
PS
is thealtitude of the triangle. Similarly,
QT PR
⊥
and
 RU PQ
⊥
. Therefore,
 RU 
and
QT 
 are also the altitudes of
PQR
.The three altitudes are concurrent at O. O is called the Orthocentreof
Triangle PQR
. Thus, Orthocentre of a triangle is the point of concurrence ofthree altitudes of a triangle.
 
 
Every triangle has three altitudes. The altitudes of a triangle are concurrent.
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