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Methods of Finding the Order of Reaction
Ostwald Isolation Method
 
This method is introduced by Ostwald and is used to determine theorder of a reaction with respect to one reactant at a time. The totalorder of the reaction can be calculated by adding all the orders of thereaction for individual reactant.The principle behind this method is that if the concentration of all butone reactant is taken in excess, then during the course of reaction, theconcentration of those reactants taken in excess will remain constantand the variation in the rate will correspond to the concentration ofthat reactant whose concentration is small.The process is repeated for other reactants present in the chemicalreaction one by one and order with respect to each reactant can bedetermined. By adding all the orders of the individual reactant wewill get overall order of the reaction .For example,Suppose, we isolate A by taking B and in large excess and get orderof reaction with respect to A (say p) Similarly, q and r are the order ofreactions for B and C by taking C and A in excess for q order of B andA, B in excess for r order of C.
 
Then the overall order of the reaction will be,
Half Life Period Method
Half-life of a reaction is defined as the time during which theconcentration of a reactant is reduced to half of its initialconcentration. It can also be explained as the time in which half of thereactant is completed. Half-life is represented as t
1/2
. With the help ofhalf-life we can determine the order of the reaction.
FOR FIRST ORDER REACTION
Consider a reaction,Half –life period means the time in which initial concentration [A]
0
isreduced to half.i.e.
 
 
Then the half life period t
1/2
becomesThus, half-life period of first order reaction is independent of theconcentration of the initial concentration of the reactant.From the equation, it also clear that half-life period for the first orderreaction is inversely proportional to the rate constant.
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