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REFLEXES
When movements occur without the action of brain, they are called as reflexaction or spinal reflexes. It is an involuntary response to a stimuli thatdepends upon a complete reflex pathway called reflex arc.
A REFLEX ARC
A Reflex Arc contains two or more types of neurons over which nerveimpulses are conducted from a receptor to the brain or spinal cord bysensory neurons and then to effector by way of motor neurons.Basic components of Reflex arc:1. Receptor2.
 
Sensory Neuron3.
 
Center4.
 
Motor neuron5.
 
Effector1.
Receptor:
The molecules that respond to a specific change in theinternal or external environment by initiating a nerve impulse in asensory neuron by way of receptor potential.2.
Sensory neuron:
Passes the nerve impulse from the receptor to itsaxonal termination in the CNS.3.
Impulse:
In the centre the impulse may be inhibited, transmitted orrerouted.4.
 
Motor neuron centre:
a region in the CNS where on incomingsensory Impulse generates an outgoing motor transmits the impulsegenerated by sensory or association neuron in the centre to theeffector organ of the body that will respond, such as a muscle orgland.5.
 
Effector:
the organ of body that responds to the motor nerveimpulse. This response is called as reflex action.
 
 
REFLEX ARC
 
REFLEX ACTION
Reflexes can be classified into 2 types:
 
Monosynaptic reflexes
 
Polysynaptic reflexes
 Monosynaptic reflex:
When a skeletal muscle with intact nerve supply is stretched, itcontracts. This response is called the Stretch reflex. Knee jerk is anexample.
 Muscle spindle:
 
Muscle spindles are composed of 2- 12 muscle fibers, enclosedin a capsule called intrafusal fibers.
 
The regular contractile units of muscle are called extrafusalfibers.
 
The intrafusal fibers are of 2 types:
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