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Card # 12-A
cceleration due to Gravity (g):
When a body is allowed to fall freely under gravity due to the gravitational pull of earth,then its acceleration is known as gravitational acceleration.If the mass of the earth = M, Radius of the earth = R, Mass of a body on earth = mThen the gravitational force = F = ()/R
2
m = ()/R
2
= (GM)/R
2
 
Variations in g:
The value of gravitational acceleration () changes from place to place. At equator itsvalue is least and as we go towards the poles its value continuously increases andbecomes maximum at poles. Following are the other variations:
1)
 
Variation in g with height:
 Gravitational acceleration on the surface of the earth = = (GM)/R
2
 Gravitational acceleration at height h, from the surface of the earth == [GM)
 
]The relation between g and g’ is given = 1 – (2h/R)]
2)
 
Variation in g with depth:
Gravitational acceleration on the surface of the earth = g = (GM)/R
2
 Gravitational acceleration at depth h = = (GM)/(R-h)
2
 The relation between g and g’ is given by = – (h/R)]Thus with increase in h, g decreases or g’ < gAt the center of the earth h = R, hence g’ = 0 or the acceleration due to gravity is zero atthe center of the earth.
3)
 
Variation in g with latitude:
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