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 Bacterial GeneticsStructure of RNARibonucleic acid (RNA)
,the second principal kind of nucleic acid, differs from DNAas RNA is usually single stranded, the five carbon sugar in the RNA nucleotide isribose as compared to deoxyribose in DNA. One of the RNA's bases is uracil (U)instead of thymine. The other 3 bases (A, G and C) are the same in as DNA. At least3 kinds of RNA-ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA and transfer RNA are involved inprotein synthesis.
Gene
can be defined as a segment of DNA (sequence of nucleotides in DNA) thatcodes for a functional product. A DNA molecule consists of a large number of geneseach of which contains hundreds of thousands of nucleotides. The length of DNA isusually expressed in kilobases (1 kb = 1000 base pairs) and bacterial DNA is about4000 kb in length.The
genotype
of an organism is its genetic make up, the information that codes forall particular characteristics of the organism.
Phenotype
refers to the actual, expressed properties. Phenotype is thus themanifestation of the genotype.
 
 
DNA Replication
A semiconservative model for the replication of DNA ensures transmission of geneticinformation present in the parent is faithfully transmitted to the progeny. It alsomeans that after one generation DNA is present in a hybrid form which contains half old and half new DNA. Replication of DNA occurs at a growing point (fork) thatmoves linearly from an origin to a terminus usually in both the directions.
Genetic code
is the information which resides in the nucleic acids of the organisms.From DNA it is passed onto mRNA through which it is translated into the primarystructure of proteins. 
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