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Structural Basis of Proteins 
Proteins: 
 Proteins are the important biomacromolecules present in every living cell and play a significantrole in its survival. These organic compounds are found versatile in our body in the form of hair,cartilage, muscles, tendons, ligaments and skin.Proteins are considered as polypeptides. Each protein is a linear chain of amino acids linkedtogether by peptide bonds.
Amino acids: 
 Amino acids are the fundamental units of proteins. Naturally existing amino acids are of 20 innumber. These 20 amino acids arranged together in different manner construct the proteins.All these amino acid possess the same common structure differs only in their side-chain groups.The nature of individual amino acids like shape, size, charge and reactivity depends on theseamino, carboxyl and R functional groups attached to them.A typical protein contains approximately 200–300 amino acids. Some proteins like peptides arevery small and some like titin present in skeletal muscle are very long having 26,926 amino acidsin a single chain.
Peptide bond: 
 Amino acids are linked to each other by the formation of the single chemical association called‘peptide bond’.The peptide bond is resulted from the dehydration reaction between the amino groups of oneamino acid with the carboxyl group of the adjacent one.
Formation of a peptide bond 
:
It is basically an amide bond which is formed as a result of the linkage between the C – terminalof one amino acid with the N – terminal of another. This is an endergonic reaction and requiresthe hydrolysis of a high energy phosphate bond.This repeated reaction of peptide bond formation forms the back bone from which the variousside-chain groups project. The linear protein chain is thus formed with a free amino group at oneend and a free carboxyl group at the other end.In conventional terms, a protein chain is represented with its C–terminal amino acid on the rightand the N –terminal amino acid on the left.
 
 
Structure of Proteins: 
 Proteins are heteropolymers formed by the polymerization of amino acids. In organic chemistry, atwo dimensional view of the molecule is applied while depicting the structure of the molecule. Inbasic biology, the structure of proteins is depicted at four hierarchical levels.(i) Primary structure(ii) Secondary structure(iii) Tertiary structure(iv) Quaternary structure
Primary Structure: 
The sequence of amino acids or the linear arrangement of amino acids is called as the primarystructure of proteins. Primary structure gives us the positional information of amino acids in aprotein like which amino acid starts the chain, which is the second and so on.
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