http://www.scribd.com/people/view/383381-mohamed-rafeek This a feed for documents on Scribd written by rafeek 30 Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:49:20 GMT Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:49:20 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562819/-Polypill-for-CVD-read-this-new-research-articleiBookstk Papers A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80% N J Wald, M R Law Abstract Objectives To determine the combination of drugs and vitamins, and their doses, for use in a single daily pill to achieve a large effect in preventing cardiovascular disease with minimal adverse effects. The strategy was to simultaneously reduce four cardiovascular risk factors (low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, serum homocysteine, and platelet function) regardless of pretreatment levels. Design We quantified the efficacy and adverse effects of the proposed formulation from publi Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:49:20 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562819/-Polypill-for-CVD-read-this-new-research-articleiBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562790/Pathology-of-Atherosclerosis-iBookstk "Man often becomes what he believes himself to be. Mahatma Gandhi 1869-1948, Indian Political Leader *Atherosclerosis Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar Senior Lecturer in Pathology Fiji School of Medicine *Atherosclerosis Introduction: Disease of blood vessels – large arteries. Modern life style disease… * Major cause of IHD, MI, Stroke & Aortic disease - Major cause of death & disability. Incidence is decreasing since 1995 - West Better understanding & Change in life style. *Atherosclerosis Definition: “Chronic inflammatory disorder of intima of large arteries characterised by formation of fi Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:40:13 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562790/Pathology-of-Atherosclerosis-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562785/Bleeding-Hemostasis-iBookstk Haemostasis Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar. Senior Lecturer in Pathology Fiji School of Medicine *Hemostasis: BV Injury Neural Tissue Factor Blood Vessel Constriction Platelet Activation Primary hemostatic plug Plt-Fusion Coagulation Activation Reduced Blood flow Thromibn, Fibrin Stable Hemostatic Plug *Coagulation: Intrinsic 12,11,9,8 (aPTT-) Extrinsic-7 (PT) Common Path (TT) FX  FXa Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen  Fibrin *Clot formation & retraction Fibrinogen Thrombin Fibrin Mononer Fibrin Polymer F-XIIIa Cross Linked Fibrin *Coagulation:  Biological amplification system. 1 Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:38:50 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562785/Bleeding-Hemostasis-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562770/WBC-disorders-iBookstk We have our differences, yes. We have different cultures, of course. We look different to one another, sure. But we’re all traveling through the cosmos on the same spacecraft, Earth. We are truly one world, one people. we can’t destroy ship for hatredness. Jim Rohn, responding to US Terrorist attack *WBC Disorders: Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar Senior Lecturer in Pathology Fiji School of Medicine *Normal Blood Film: *White Blood Cells: *CBC - WBC Histogram: *WBC disorders: Reactive increase in number – “philias” • Neutrophilia – Bacterial sepsis • Lymphocytosis – viral, Immune • Eosinophil Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:35:43 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562770/WBC-disorders-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562751/Pathology-of-Anemia-iBookstk “The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.” –Eleanor Roosevelt *“No doubt knowledge is valuable..”, but above it are power, goodness & most important Character” *HEMATOLOGY Anemia Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar Associate Professor of Pathology Fiji School of Medicine *Anemia - 4 Normal Blood Cells: Shashi-May 04 *Anemia - 5 Blood Smear - Normal Shashi-May 04 *Anemia - 6 Shashi-May 04 *Anemia - 7 Haemopoiesis: Shashi-May 04 *Anemia - 8 Steps in Erythropoisis Early Intermediate Late Proerythroblast (Pronormoblast) Polychromatophilic Normoblast Reticul Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:33:29 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562751/Pathology-of-Anemia-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562740/Bone-Histology-Healing-iBooktk “Seeing much, suffering much and studying much are the three pillars of learning.” –Benjamin Disraeli *Bone Histology & Fracture Healing Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar Associate Professor of Pathology Fiji School of Medicine *Introduction: • Bone is a dynamic tissue • Osteoblasts - osteoid (type 1 collagen) • Calcium and phosphate (calcium hydroxyapatite) • Osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells which resorb bone (PTH). *• • • • • • • • • • • Bone Anatomy Diaphysis Metaphysis Epiphysis – Prox/Dist Epiphyseal line Periosteum Compact cortical bone Spongy bone Articular Cartilage Medullary cavi Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:31:18 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562740/Bone-Histology-Healing-iBooktk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562709/Pathology-of-Inflammation-iBookstk “The investment you make in yourself must receive ‘Top Priority’. When you GROW your entire world Expands...when you do not grow your whole world starts to become ‘Very Small’...that smallness reflects in all areas of life including your income." Bob Proctor Author and Personal Coach *Inflammation Pathology of Inflammation Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar. Associate Professor of Pathology Fiji School of Medicine Shashi-3/04 *3 Inflammation Introduction:     “In-flame” – to set fire. (red, hot, pain) Inflammation is “dynamic response of vascularised tissue to injury.” It is physiologic Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:27:31 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562709/Pathology-of-Inflammation-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562694/WHOdiet-and-health-iBookstk W O R L D H E A LT H O R G A N I Z A T I O N REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC Press Release WHO Western Pacific Region Public Information Unit, Tel: (63 2) 528 9991; Email: PIO_Unit@wpro.who.int Press Release FAO/WHO 4 March 2003 WHO/FAO RELEASE INDEPENDENT EXPERT REPORT ON DIET AND CHRONIC DISEASE Less saturated fats, sugar and salt, more fruit and vegetables and physical exercise, needed to counter cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and obesity Geneva/Rome – A diet low in energy-dense foods that are high in saturated fats and sugars, and abundant in fruit and vegetables, tog Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:24:43 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562694/WHOdiet-and-health-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562680/Pathology-Introduction-iBookstk Title - 1 Never does a man portray his character more vividly than when he is proclaiming the character of another…! Winston Churchill 1874-1965, Former British Prime Minister 04/17/08 *Pathology An Introduction…. Dr. Venkatesh Murthy Shashidhar Associate Professor of Pathology Fiji School of Medicine. *Title - 3 Clinical Bridging Subject Foundation 04/17/08 Pathology *Title - 4 Medical Knowledge: • • • • • • • • Epidemiology – Where & When.. Etiology – What is the cause? Pathogenesis - Evolution of dis. Morphology - Structural Changes Clinical Significance – relate.. Management Prognos Thu, 17 Apr 2008 18:21:05 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2562680/Pathology-Introduction-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439098/Physiology-Medical-Genetics-iBookstk Medical Genetics Human Anatomy and Physiology II Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson *Mitosis • Produces daughter cells with 46 chromosomes • Used in growth and repair *Mitosis • DNA is duplicated • Doubled chromosomes form from duplicated DNA • Each cms has 2 identical chromatids Chromatid Chromatid *Mitosis Metaphase Chromosomes line up in a single row. *Chromosomes separate Each chromatid becomes a single chromosome *Meiosis • Reduce the chromosome number to half that of body cells • Produce gametes – Egg – Sperm *Meiosis Metaphase Chromosomes line up in Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:19:58 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439098/Physiology-Medical-Genetics-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439081/Physiology-Reproductive-System-Development-iBookstk BIO 1414 Human A & P II Unit 9 - Reproductive System & Development Robert F. Allen - Professor of Biology *Functions: Urination and Copulation Penis *Functions: Transport urine & semen Bladder Urethra *Function: Maintain temperature of 0 testes approx. 3 C below normal body temp. Scrotu m **Function: Produce sperm and testosterone Testis *Function: Produce Sperm Seminiferous Tubules Testis *Testis Cross Section Interstitial Cells Produce Testosterone *Function: Sperm storage and maturation Epididymis *Function: Transport sperm to urethra Vas Deferens *Function: Produce 60% of Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:18:19 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439081/Physiology-Reproductive-System-Development-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439039/Physiology-Metabolism-and-Nutrition-iBookstk Human Anatomy and Physiology II Biology 1414 Unit 8 Metabolism and Nutrition *Objective 1 Define metabolism and differentiate between catabolism and anabolism. Be able to apply the latter two terms to various metabolic reactions. Unit 8 - Objective 1 *Definition of Metabolism Metabolism is defined as the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. Unit 8 - Objective 1 *Catabolism Catabolism is that part of metabolism that involves the break down of large, complex molecules into smaller, more simplified products. This occurs during digestion, removal of hydrogen (dehydrogen Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:10:09 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439039/Physiology-Metabolism-and-Nutrition-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439024/Muscle-Physiology-iBookstk Muscle Physiology Human Anatomy and Physiology II Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson *Muscle Tissue • Skeletal Muscle • Cardiac Muscle • Smooth Muscle *Skeletal Muscle • • • • • Long cylindrical cells Many nuclei per cell Striated Voluntary Rapid contractions *Cardiac Muscle • • • • • Branching cells One or two nuclei per cell Striated Involuntary Medium speed contractions *Smooth Muscle • • • • • Fusiform cells One nucleus per cell Nonstriated Involuntary Slow, wave-like contractions *Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle **Z line Z line *** Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:08:25 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439024/Muscle-Physiology-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439014/Physiology-Lymphatic-System-and-Immunity-iBookstk Lymphatic System and Immunity Human Anatomy and Physiology II Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson *Fluid Leaves Capillary Cells Blood Blood Capillary *Capillaries *Functions of Lymphatic System • • • • • Drain fluid from around cells Absorb fat from intestines Circulate lymph Filter lymph Immunity *Right Lymphatic Duct Thoracic Duct *Lymph • Fluid of the lymphatic system • Similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid *Lymphatic Vessels • Transport lymph • Lymph is returned to the circulatory system at either the right or left subclavian veins *Lymph No Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:06:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439014/Physiology-Lymphatic-System-and-Immunity-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439002/Cardiovascular-Physiology-iBookstk BIO 1414 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 5 - Cardiovascular Physiology By: Robert F. Allen, Professor of Biology *Blood Functions - Distribution • Supplies Oxygen from lungs to cells • Supplies nutrients from digestive system to cells • Transports metabolic wastes from cells to disposal sites • Transports hormones to target tissues/organs *Blood Functions - Regulation • Regulates body temperature • Regulates the pH of body fluids • Regulates blood volume to support efficient circulation to cells, tissues, organs & systems *Blood Functions - Protection • Prevents blood los Fri, 04 Apr 2008 10:04:38 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2439002/Cardiovascular-Physiology-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438977/Respiratory-Physiology-iBookstk Human Anatomy and Physiology II Biology 1414 Unit 4 Respiratory Physiology *Objective 1 List and give the percentage of the main gases of the atmosphere. Unit 1 - Objective 1 *Main Gases of the Atmosphere Gas Symbol Approximate % 78.6 20.9 0.04 0.46 Nitrogen N2 Oxygen O2 Carbon Dioxide CO2 Water Vapor H2O Unit 1 - Objective 1 *Objective 2 Define partial pressure and be able to compute partial pressures of gases in a mixture. Unit 1 - Objective 2 *Definition of Partial Pressure Partial pressure refers to the pressure that is exerted by a single gas in some given system (atmosphere, bloo Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:57:44 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438977/Respiratory-Physiology-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438971/Physiology-Autonomic-Nervous-System-and-Senses-Part-2-iBookstk BIO 1414 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 3 Autonomic Nervous System and Senses Part 2 By: Robert F. Allen, Professor of Biology *Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • Involuntary or visceral nervous system • Regulates the activity of: – Cardiac Muscle (Heart) – Smooth Muscle ( In Hollow Organs) • • • • Blood Vessels Digestive System Bronchioles Sphincters – Glands • Adrenal • Digestive glands *ANS Divisions • Sympathetic: • “Fight or Flight” • Activated during emergencies, exercise or vigorous physical activity • Revs up body to respond to situations that up Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:56:22 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438971/Physiology-Autonomic-Nervous-System-and-Senses-Part-2-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438970/Physiology-Autonomic-Nervous-System-and-Senses-Part-1-iBookstk BIO 1414 Human Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 3 Autonomic Nervous System and Senses Part 1 By: Robert F. Allen, Professor of Biology *Conjunctiva *Conjunctiva • Covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye. • Membrane which produces mucous that lubricates the eye and prevents dryness. • Protects the eye. *Fibrous Tunic *Fibrous Tunic • • • • Sclera Functions: Protects eye Shapes eye Anchors eye muscles • Cornea Functions: • Transparent window for light entry • Refracts light *Vascular Tunic *Vascular Tunic • Choroid Functions: • Provi Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:54:50 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438970/Physiology-Autonomic-Nervous-System-and-Senses-Part-1-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438965/Physiology-Fluid-Electroylyte-and-AcidBase-Dynamics-iBookstk Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Dynamics Human Anatomy and Physiology II Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson *Concentration of Solutions • Percent Salt – 0.9% NaCl • Milliosmoles – 300 milliosmoles/Liter • Milliequivalents – 325 milliequivalents/Liter *Osmosis *Osmosis *Hypertonic Solution 0.9% NaCl 3% NaCl *Cells Crenate in a Hypertonic Solution *Hypotonic Solution 0.9% NaCl 0.5% NaCl *Cells in a Hypotonic Solution Swell and May Lyse *Isotonic Solution 0.9% NaCl 0.9% NaCl *Which Way Will Fluid Move? 300 mosm 310 mosm *Application Problem 1 •Michael has Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:53:43 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438965/Physiology-Fluid-Electroylyte-and-AcidBase-Dynamics-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438959/Physiology-Urinary-System-iBookstk Human Anatomy and Physiology II Biology 1414 Unit 1 The Urinary System *Objective 1 List the functions of the urinary system and explain how they contribute to homeostasis. Unit 1 - Objective 1 *Functions of the Urinary System • Filtration of the blood – Occurs in the glomerulus of the kidney nephron – Contributes to homeostasis by removing toxins or waste Unit 1 - Objective 1 *Functions of the Urinary System • Reabsorption of vital nutrients, ions and water – Occurs in most parts of the kidney nephron – Contributes to homeostasis by conserving important materials Unit 1 - O Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:52:32 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438959/Physiology-Urinary-System-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438936/Physiology-Reproductive-System-iBookstk Real Media File for Male Reproductive System The Reproductive System Sexual Reproduction Fertilization requires haploid gametes 9:17 pm, Nov 18, 2006 Cellular Reproduction Growth and development of all somatic cells Figure 28.5 The simplest form of reproduction is cellular reproduction. Single celled organisms can use mitosis to reproduce the entire organism and increase the specie's numbers, but multicellular, organisms including man, use mitotic cell division to grow, repair, and replace somatic cells and tissues in the body. Mitosis is employed from the first division of the fertilized Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:49:38 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438936/Physiology-Reproductive-System-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438924/Physiology-Endocrine-System-iBookstk Rel Media File For Entire PDF The Endocrine System These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings.If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched” links to notes and comments, as well as web pages including animations and videos. You will also be able to m Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:48:14 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438924/Physiology-Endocrine-System-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438917/Physiology-Urinary-System-iBookstk There is no audio file for this slide. The Urinary System © Jim Swan These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings. If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched” links to notes and comments, as well as web pages including animations and videos. You wil Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:47:02 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438917/Physiology-Urinary-System-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438908/Physiology-Nutrition-iBookstk Real Media file for entire PDF Unit 3 NutritionMetabolism © Jim Swan These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings. If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched” links to notes and comments, as well as web pages including animations and videos. You w Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:45:38 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438908/Physiology-Nutrition-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438905/Physiology-Digestive-System-iBookstk Real Media file of entire PDF The Digestive System © Jim Swan 8:56 pm, Oct 26, 2006 These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings. If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched” links to notes and comments, as well as web pages including animations an Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:44:17 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438905/Physiology-Digestive-System-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438897/Physiology-Lymph-and-Immune-iBookstk Real Media File of Entire PDF The Lymphatic System 9:43 pm, Jun 20, 2006 © Jim Swan 1 These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings. If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched” links to notes and comments, as well as web pages including animation Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:41:47 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438897/Physiology-Lymph-and-Immune-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438883/Physiology-Circulation-iBookstk Real Media File for Entire PDF The Circulation © Jim Swan 8:56 pm, Feb 16, 2007 1 These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings. If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched” links to notes and comments, as well as web pages including animations and Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:40:12 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438883/Physiology-Circulation-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438877/Physiology-The-Heart-iBooktk Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:38:44 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438877/Physiology-The-Heart-iBooktk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438866/Blood-iBookstk Look for explanatory notes and Attachments. The Blood © Jim Swan Click on Audio icon for MP3 audio files Look for web and other links. 6:52 am, Aug 23, 2006 These slides are from class presentations, reformatted for static viewing. The content contained in these pages is also in the Class Notes pages in a narrative format. Best screen resolution for viewing is 1024 x 768. To change resolution click on start, then control panel, then display, then settings. If you are viewing this in Adobe Reader version 7 and are connected to the internet you will also be able to access the “enriched Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:36:53 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438866/Blood-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438834/AP21Respiratory-Physiology-iBookstk RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORKS IN DIRECT COOPERATION WITH THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1 *2 *3 *4 *DIFFUSION ALVEOLI 5 *BREATHING PATHOLOGIES 6 *MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS 7 * Fri, 04 Apr 2008 09:30:22 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2438834/AP21Respiratory-Physiology-iBookstk http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415910/Perineum-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom Innervation of Pelvic Organs Superior hypogastric plexus Inferior hypogastric plexus     *4. Describe the anatomical relationships between the peritoneal cavity, the  visceral pelvic fascia, the pelvic diaphragm, the structures of the  perineum, and the urogenital diaphragm. Peritoneum Visceral pelvic fascia Infraperitoneal space contains pelvic fascia •continuous with transversalis fascia •parietal fascia on pelvic walls & muscles •visceral layer on viscera     *9. Identify the rectum and anus and the anal sphincters and  their innerv Tue, 01 Apr 2008 15:06:11 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415910/Perineum-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415895/PELVIS-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom 1. Identify the bony walls and ligamentous landmarks of the pelvis. Iliopectineal Line Sacrotuberous Ligament Sacrospinous Ligament Greater  Sciatic  Foramen Lesser  Sciatic  Foramen Sacrotuberous Ligament Pubic Arch Ischial Tuberosity Pubic Symphysis Sacrospinous  Ligament Ant. Sup. Iliac Spine Pelvic  Outlet Sacrotuberous  Ligament Coccyx Pubic symphysis Tip of Coccyx *Male vs. Female Pelvis Female Pelvic Inlet Male Pelvic Outlet Pelvic Cavity Pelvic Arch   *Muscular Walls Greater  Sciatic  Foramen Piriformis  Muscle Sacrotuberous  Ligament Sacros Tue, 01 Apr 2008 15:03:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415895/PELVIS-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415877/Neck-Lecture-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom Identify the muscles of the neck and indicate their major actions and sources of innervation. Indicate the relationship of each of the muscle groups to the layers of deep fascia in the neck. Posterior cervical triangle Anterior triangles Suprahyoid muscles Infrrahyoid muscles Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Carotid sheath Investing layer of deep cervical fascia Pretracheal fascia (visceral part) Sternocleidomastoid T E Pretracheal fascia (muscular part) Prevertebral muscles Alar fascia Scalene muscles Buccopharyngeal fascia Prevertebral fascia Trapezius Deep Cervical Fascia *Identi Tue, 01 Apr 2008 15:00:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415877/Neck-Lecture-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415868/Infra-Temporal-FossaAnatomy-iBooksucozcom- Identify the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa. Temporal Fossa Parietal Temporal Frontal Sphenoid Z Boundaries: Lateral=Ramus of Mandible Anterior=Maxilla Medial=Lat. Pterygoid Plate Roof=Sphenoid Maxilla Lat. Pterygoid Plate Pterygomaxillary Fissure Infratemporal Fossa *Identify the muscles of mastication, their sources of innervation and their major actions in chewing. Temporalis Lateral Pterygoid * Innervated by Facial Nerve Masseter Buccinator* Medial Pterygoid Articular disc During jaw opening the mandibular condyle and articular disc glide anteriorly onto the temporomandibul Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:58:46 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415868/Infra-Temporal-FossaAnatomy-iBooksucozcom- http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415860/Eye-Orbit-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom Identify the elements of the bony orbit on a skull or x-ray. *Indicate the structures lying superior, inferior, medial and lateral to the eyeball and the position of the eyeball relative to the bony orbit. Horizontal CT Coronal CT Orbit lies: • Lateral to nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses •Medial to infratemporal fossa Orbit lies: • Inferior to cranial cavity •Above maxillary sinus Eyeball is oriented anteroposteriorly but orbits are angled outward *Trace the flow of blood into and out of the orbit and orbital structures. Supratrochlear a. Supra-orbital a. Lacrimal gland Ant. Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:57:08 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415860/Eye-Orbit-Anatomy-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415849/Urinary-system-iBooksucozcom Urinary Physiology the following: Based on the lectures and text material, you should be able to do Urinary system: → → → → → → → → → → → → → → describe the role of the kidneys list several kidney functions that help maintain body homeostasis describe the anatomy of a nephron and relate it to the structure of the kidney identify the parts of the nephron responsible for filtration, resorption and secretion explain the mechanism underlying glomerular filtration explain the processes underlying water resorption explain the mechanisms underlying resorption of glucose Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:53:59 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415849/Urinary-system-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415842/-Digestion-iBooksucozom Digestive System: Based on the lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: → → → → → → identify the overall function of the digestive tract describe the major processes that occur in the digestive tract describe the function of each organ and accessory organ of the alimentary canal describe the composition of saliva and explain how salivation is regulated describe the structural modifications of the walls of the stomach and small intestine that enhance the digestive processes in these regions describe the composition of gastric juice, name the cell types resp Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:53:05 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415842/-Digestion-iBooksucozom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415836/Respiratory-physiology-iBooksucozcom RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY Based on the lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: → → describe the basic anatomy of the respiratory system describe several protective mechanisms of the respiratory system → describe the structure of the respiratory membrane (the interface between the alveolar air and the capillary plasma) and relate structure to function → → → → → → → → → → and O2 describe the pleural coverings of the lungs and the physiological mechanisms maintaining intrapleural pressure describe the mechanical events associated with breathing d Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:52:01 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415836/Respiratory-physiology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415824/Cardiovascular-physiology-iBooksucozcom Based on the lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: → → → → → → → → → → → → → → → → → describe the factors which regulate cardiac output describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of stroke volume describe the relationship between venous return and stroke volume describe the differences in the structures of the different types of blood vessels describe the arterial pressure pulse discuss why blood pressure does not fall to zero and blood continues to flow w Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:48:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415824/Cardiovascular-physiology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415812/Reproductive-physiology-iBooksucozcom Based on lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: Reproductive system:  describe the common functions of the male and female reproductive systems  describe the structure and function of the testes, and explain the importance of their location in the scrotum  describe the location, structure and function of the accessory ducts and glands of the male reproductive system  describe the location, structure and function of the ovaries  describe the location, structure and function of each of the organs of the female reproductive system  discuss the structu Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:44:34 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415812/Reproductive-physiology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415810/Nerve-Physiology-iBooksucozcom Nerve physiology *Physiology of Nerves  There are two major regulatory systems in the body, the nervous system and the endocrine system. The endocrine system regulates relatively slow, long-lived responses The nervous system regulates fast, short-term responses   *Neuron structure  Neurons all have same basic structure, a cell body with a number of dendrites and one long axon. *Types of neurons *Divisions of the nervous system *Non-excitable cells of the nervous system *Structure of gray matter *Signal transmission in neurons *Resting potential *Ionic basis of Em  Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:44:03 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415810/Nerve-Physiology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415806/Muscle-physiology-iBooksucozcom Muscular System 2003-04 Based on the lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: → → → → describe the microscopic structure of a striated muscle fibre describe the functional roles of myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules give a detailed description of the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction explain the events leading from the arrival of neurotransmitter at the endplate of a neuromuscular junction, through contraction and on to relaxation of a muscle fibre → explain what cross-bridge formation is → explain why thick and thin filaments do Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:43:20 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415806/Muscle-physiology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415802/Endocrinology-iBooksucozcom Biology 153 (2003-2004) ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Based on lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • list and describe chemical classes of hormones list and describe modes of hormone delivery describe the role of hormone-receptor interactions in providing target cell specificity list and describe types of mechanisms regulating hormone release compare and contrast mechanisms of hormone action describe mechanisms based on plasma membrane receptors describe the role of cAMP as a second messenger de Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:42:09 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415802/Endocrinology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415795/-Neural-physiology-iBooksucozcom NERVOUS SYSTEM 2003-04 Based on lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: Control Systems; General • Give a concise account of homeostasis • Define and explain positive and negative feedback • Explain feed-forward control • Give neural examples of different types of feedback control Nervous System • Describe the important anatomical structures of a neuron and relate each structure to a physiological role • Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis • Compare and contrast graded and action potentials • Explain how action pot Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:40:59 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415795/-Neural-physiology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415789/Cell-biology-iBooksucozcom Biology 153/155 (2003-2004) SUBCELLULAR ORGANIZATION and FUNCTION Based on lecture and text material, you should be able to do the following: Membranes • Define selective permeability and indicate its importance in biological membranes • List the major constituents of cell membranes and indicate the general membrane function of each • Discuss the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of membrane phospholipids and discuss why this is important in forming a lipid bilayer • Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic membrane proteins and state the reason why they exist in these different lo Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:39:10 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415789/Cell-biology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415733/-Histology-iBooksucozcom Tissues and tissue types  Tissues are:  Collections of specialized cells and cell products organized to perform a limited number of functions  Histology = study of tissues  The four tissue types are: Epithelial  Connective  Muscular  Nervous  *Epithelial tissue  Includes glands and epithelium  Glands are secretory    Is avascular Forms a protective barrier that regulates permeability Cells may show polarity *Functions of epithelium     Physical protection Control permeability Provide sensation Produce specialized secretions *Spec Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:25:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415733/-Histology-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415642/Vital-Signs-and-Resuscitation-iBooksucozcom LANDES BIOSCIENCE V ad e me c u m Vital Signs and Resuscitation Joseph V. Stewart *vademecum Vital Signs and Resuscitation Joseph V. Stewart, M.D. Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Palmetto Baptist Medical Center Columbia, South Carolina Adjunct Lecturer, Gross Anatomy South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina Assistant Professor of Medicine The Chicago Medical School North Chicago, Illinois Former Professor of Anatomy and Physiology Triton College Rivergrove, Illinois LANDES BIOSCIENCE GEORGETOWN, TEXAS U.S.A. *VADEMECUM Vital Signs and Resuscitation LANDES B Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:07:26 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415642/Vital-Signs-and-Resuscitation-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415638/USMLE-PHARMACOLOGY-RECALL-iBooksucozcom **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************** Tue, 01 Apr 2008 14:06:02 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2415638/USMLE-PHARMACOLOGY-RECALL-iBooksucozcom http://www.scribd.com/doc/2411047/Hamdan-Cancer-BiomarkersAnalytical-Techniques-for-Discovery *CANCER BIOMARKERS **CANCER BIOMARKERS Analytical Techniques for Discovery MAHMOUD H. HAMDAN GlaxoSmithKline Verona, Italy *Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written pe Mon, 31 Mar 2008 16:53:16 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2411047/Hamdan-Cancer-BiomarkersAnalytical-Techniques-for-Discovery http://www.scribd.com/doc/2411028/Mansel-Metastasis-of-Breast-Cancer-CMBaT11 *Metastasis of Breast Cancer *Cancer Metastasis – Biology and Treatment VOLUME 11 Series Editors Richard J. Ablin, Ph.D., University of Arizona, College of Medicine and The Arizona Cancer Center, AZ, U.S.A. Wen G. Jiang, M.D., Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K. Advisory Editorial Board Harold F. Dvorak, M.D. Phil Gold, M.D., Ph.D. Danny Welch Ph.D. Hiroshi Kobayashi, M.D., Ph.D. Robert E. Mansel, M.S., FRCS. Klaus Pantel Ph.D. Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 4: Proteases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Metastasis Editors: Jean-Michel Foidart and Ruth J. Muschel Mon, 31 Mar 2008 16:49:39 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2411028/Mansel-Metastasis-of-Breast-Cancer-CMBaT11 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2410912/Junioandrology ANDROLOGY CONTENTS Foreword Derek LeRoith Preface Ronald Tamler Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Lawrence C. Layman Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and olfactory neurons migrate together from the olfactory placode, and GnRH neurons eventually reside in the hypothalamus. Hypogonadism in male infants may be diagnosed in the first 6 months of life but cannot be diagnosed during childhood until puberty occurs. Patients with low serum testosterone and low serum gonadotropin levels have idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Mutations in three genes (KAL1, FGFR1, and GNRHR) comprise m Mon, 31 Mar 2008 16:19:56 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2410912/Junioandrology