http://www.scribd.com/people/view/61176-james-yu This a feed for documents on Scribd written by jamesyu 30 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 04:46:35 GMT Tue, 19 Aug 2008 04:46:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4878851/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 04:46:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4878851/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/4769240/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Thu, 14 Aug 2008 19:47:21 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4769240/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/4729789/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Wed, 13 Aug 2008 07:01:00 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4729789/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/4720314/the-best-fake-copy-ever-txt test * Tue, 12 Aug 2008 22:15:10 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4720314/the-best-fake-copy-ever-txt http://www.scribd.com/doc/4719060/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:59:54 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4719060/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/4718268/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:19:56 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4718268/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/4718090/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:11:34 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/4718090/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/3945827/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Tue, 15 Jul 2008 00:37:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3945827/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/3885994/0326-Entry-Door-copy MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: 3/20/08 SUBJECT: Entry Door After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. * Thu, 10 Jul 2008 05:21:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3885994/0326-Entry-Door-copy http://www.scribd.com/doc/3869169/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Wed, 09 Jul 2008 01:57:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3869169/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/3627452/2006-12-07-Wikipedia Utilizing Wikipedia Categories for Document Classification Timothy Weale Department of Computer Science and Engineering weale@cse.ohio-state.edu Abstract This paper introduces our technique for integrating Wikipedia as a broad-coverage knowledge base for use in document classification. We outline an algorithm for integrating the Wikipedia categories found from named entities in the articles. We then demonstrate this algorithm on a toy corpus, where we are able to successfully classify our documents. 1 Introduction Traditionally, document classification has been based on a variation of the “ba Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:14:21 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3627452/2006-12-07-Wikipedia http://www.scribd.com/doc/3627451/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:14:18 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3627451/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/3627450/0326-Entry-Door-copy MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 23:14:13 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3627450/0326-Entry-Door-copy http://www.scribd.com/doc/3619385/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Wed, 25 Jun 2008 17:39:46 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3619385/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/3619380/blogging101 Blogging 101 Hi Eve, It's awesome to hear that you're interested in blogging. Since you're new to the world of blogs, I'll give you a brief history of blogging. First off, blogging is writing. At a fundamental level, there is no difference between a blogger and a writer. Put another way, a blogger is a type of writer. The only difference is the medium. Back in the late 1990s, the web was just getting popular. People were making homepages, but most of them were pretty static. However, some people began to keep online journals or diaries. These were basically webpages that were organized using " Wed, 25 Jun 2008 17:39:42 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3619380/blogging101 http://www.scribd.com/doc/3600211/0326-Entry-Door MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT: Argonaut Building Tenants Mary Pellow, Property Manager 3/20/08 Entry Door On Sunday, March 23, 2008, the entry door to the Argonaut Building was found held open at approximately 10:00 a.m. The entry was left unguarded and there was free entry into the building. After business hours, the main entry door is to remain locked and closed. If it is necessary to keep the door open after business hours, your representative must remain at the open door until the purpose of the after hours delivery is concluded. The business hours of the Argonaut Building begin at 7 Tue, 24 Jun 2008 23:20:39 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3600211/0326-Entry-Door http://www.scribd.com/doc/3600165/2006-12-07-Wikipedia Utilizing Wikipedia Categories for Document Classification Timothy Weale Department of Computer Science and Engineering weale@cse.ohio-state.edu Abstract This paper introduces our technique for integrating Wikipedia as a broad-coverage knowledge base for use in document classification. We outline an algorithm for integrating the Wikipedia categories found from named entities in the articles. We then demonstrate this algorithm on a toy corpus, where we are able to successfully classify our documents. 1 Introduction Traditionally, document classification has been based on a variation of the “ba Tue, 24 Jun 2008 23:18:51 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3600165/2006-12-07-Wikipedia http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078044/monopolymoneytwentydollar MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. * Fri, 23 May 2008 18:41:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078044/monopolymoneytwentydollar http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078029/monopolymoneyonedollar MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. * Fri, 23 May 2008 18:41:19 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078029/monopolymoneyonedollar http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078020/monopolymoneytendollar MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. * Fri, 23 May 2008 18:41:09 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078020/monopolymoneytendollar http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078013/monopolymoneyfivedollar MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. * Fri, 23 May 2008 18:41:00 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078013/monopolymoneyfivedollar http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078006/monopolymoneyonehundreddollar MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. * Fri, 23 May 2008 18:40:40 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078006/monopolymoneyonehundreddollar http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078002/monopolymoneyfivehundreddollar MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. MO NB O P O L R AND Y® MO NB O P O L R AND Y® ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. ©1935, 1996 Hasbro, Inc. * Fri, 23 May 2008 18:40:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/3078002/monopolymoneyfivehundreddollar http://www.scribd.com/doc/2472988/Pressures-Produced-when-Penguins-Poo Polar Biol (2003) 27: 56–58 DOI 10.1007/s00300-003-0563-3 SHO RT N OTE Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow Æ Jozsef Gal Pressures produced when penguins pooh—calculations on avian defaecation Received: 17 July 2003 / Accepted: 5 October 2003 / Published online: 31 October 2003 Ó Springer-Verlag 2003 ´ Abstract Chinstrap and Adelie penguins generate considerable pressures to propel their faeces away from the edge of the nest. The pressures involved can be approximated if the following parameters are known: (1) distance the faecal material travels before it hits the ground, (2) density and vis Tue, 08 Apr 2008 23:14:14 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2472988/Pressures-Produced-when-Penguins-Poo http://www.scribd.com/doc/2347002/SpruceDinner LETTUCE AND HERBS, BANYULS VINEGAR, GREEN OLIVE CROSTONE ROASTED BEET AND TANGERINE SALAD, CAPRICIOUS, WALNUT VINAIGRETTE YOUNG ESCAROLE SALAD, PECORINO TARTUFO, OLIO NUOVO CHARCUTERIE SELECTION HOT AND COLD FOIE GRAS, ROASTED PINEAPPLE, GRAPEFRUIT MARMALADE SEARED DAYBOAT SCALLOPS, CARAMELIZED CAULIFLOWER, SULTANAS AND CAPERS BUTTERNUT SQUASH SOUP, CHESTNUTS AND SAGE COUNTRY POTATO AND CABBAGE SOUP, PARSLEY PISTOU CELERIAC RAVIOLI, MASCARPONE, FORAGED MUSHROOMS SPRUCE SWEETBREADS LYONNAISE, WARM CHICORIES AND SOFT POACHED EGG CALIFORNIA OSETRA CAVIAR, POTATO BLINI, BRIOCHE 10 10 11 16 18 Mon, 24 Mar 2008 03:30:17 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2347002/SpruceDinner http://www.scribd.com/doc/2300205/2582 Architecture and Evaluation of an Unplanned 802.11b Mesh Network John Bicket, Daniel Aguayo, Sanjit Biswas, Robert Morris M.I.T. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory jbicket, aguayo, biswas, rtm @csail.mit.edu ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the ability of a wireless mesh architecture to provide high performance Internet access while demanding little deployment planning or operational management. The architecture considered in this paper has unplanned node placement (rather than planned topology), omni-directional antennas (rather than directional links), and multi-hop rout Tue, 18 Mar 2008 00:46:36 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2300205/2582 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2261329/GATCmigrationguide Tracking Code Migration Guide Switching from urchin.js to ga.js Beta Version ©2007 Google Version 1.1 ©2007 Google 1 *Contents What's changing? Everything. Why switch to the new tracking code? Can I stay with urchin.js? Are the new and old codes compatible? What is the tracking code? Basic tracking code Tracking virtual page views Tracking downloaded files Tracking a page in multiple accounts Tracking subdomains Track a visitor across domains using a link Track a visitor across domains using a form E-commerce transactions Adding organic sources Segmenting visitor types Restrict cookie d Tue, 11 Mar 2008 23:22:39 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2261329/GATCmigrationguide http://www.scribd.com/doc/2261328/InstallingGATrackingCode Installing and Customizing the Google Analytics Tracking Code Beta Version ©2007 Google Version 1.1 ©2007 Google 1 *Contents What is the tracking code? Basic tracking code Tracking virtual page views Tracking downloaded files Tracking a page in multiple accounts Tracking subdomains Track a visitor across domains using a link Track a visitor across domains using a form E-commerce transactions Adding organic sources Segmenting visitor types Restrict cookie data to a subdirectory Control data collection settings Control session timeout Control campaign conversion timeout Custom campaign fi Tue, 11 Mar 2008 23:22:39 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2261328/InstallingGATrackingCode http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250209/test-file-text-2 text file test 1sf Page 1 This document was created with the trial version of Print2PDF! Once Print2PDF is registered, this message will disappear! Purchase Print2PDF at http://www.software602.com/ * Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:24:52 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250209/test-file-text-2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250208/test-file-text-1 text file test 1sf Page 1 This document was created with the trial version of Print2PDF! Once Print2PDF is registered, this message will disappear! Purchase Print2PDF at http://www.software602.com/ * Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:24:51 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250208/test-file-text-1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250207/2582 Architecture and Evaluation of an Unplanned 802.11b Mesh Network John Bicket, Daniel Aguayo, Sanjit Biswas, Robert Morris M.I.T. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory jbicket, aguayo, biswas, rtm @csail.mit.edu ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the ability of a wireless mesh architecture to provide high performance Internet access while demanding little deployment planning or operational management. The architecture considered in this paper has unplanned node placement (rather than planned topology), omni-directional antennas (rather than directional links), and multi-hop rout Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:24:50 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250207/2582 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250206/401 Journey 30 ­ ONE SPEAKS  In the winter of 1962­63, John Starr Cooke lived in the Carmel Highlands, above Carmel by the  Sea in California.  He was the leader of a group of seekers, who had experimented with many  things, including Subud and Huna.  One evening they made a homemade Ouija board, using a  silver dollar for a planchette, and an artist's pad of paper for the board. They picked a symbol to put  in the middle and then drew the arcs of letters, numbers, and the words "yes" and "no."  Some o Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:24:43 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250206/401 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250185/test-file-text-2 text file test 1sf Page 1 This document was created with the trial version of Print2PDF! Once Print2PDF is registered, this message will disappear! Purchase Print2PDF at http://www.software602.com/ * Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:12:33 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250185/test-file-text-2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250184/test-file-text-2 Architecture and Evaluation of an Unplanned 802.11b Mesh Network John Bicket, Daniel Aguayo, Sanjit Biswas, Robert Morris M.I.T. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory jbicket, aguayo, biswas, rtm @csail.mit.edu ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the ability of a wireless mesh architecture to provide high performance Internet access while demanding little deployment planning or operational management. The architecture considered in this paper has unplanned node placement (rather than planned topology), omni-directional antennas (rather than directional links), and multi-hop rout Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:12:33 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250184/test-file-text-2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250183/test-file-text-1 text file test 1sf Page 1 This document was created with the trial version of Print2PDF! Once Print2PDF is registered, this message will disappear! Purchase Print2PDF at http://www.software602.com/ * Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:12:32 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250183/test-file-text-1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250182/2582 Journey 30 ­ ONE SPEAKS  In the winter of 1962­63, John Starr Cooke lived in the Carmel Highlands, above Carmel by the  Sea in California.  He was the leader of a group of seekers, who had experimented with many  things, including Subud and Huna.  One evening they made a homemade Ouija board, using a  silver dollar for a planchette, and an artist's pad of paper for the board. They picked a symbol to put  in the middle and then drew the arcs of letters, numbers, and the words "yes" and "no."  Some o Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:12:31 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250182/2582 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250181/401 Journey 30 ­ ONE SPEAKS  In the winter of 1962­63, John Starr Cooke lived in the Carmel Highlands, above Carmel by the  Sea in California.  He was the leader of a group of seekers, who had experimented with many  things, including Subud and Huna.  One evening they made a homemade Ouija board, using a  silver dollar for a planchette, and an artist's pad of paper for the board. They picked a symbol to put  in the middle and then drew the arcs of letters, numbers, and the words "yes" and "no."  Some o Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:12:20 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250181/401 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250179/test-file-text-2 text file test 1sf Page 1 This document was created with the trial version of Print2PDF! Once Print2PDF is registered, this message will disappear! Purchase Print2PDF at http://www.software602.com/ * Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:11:26 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250179/test-file-text-2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250178/test-file-text-1 text file test 1sf Page 1 This document was created with the trial version of Print2PDF! Once Print2PDF is registered, this message will disappear! Purchase Print2PDF at http://www.software602.com/ * Mon, 10 Mar 2008 07:11:25 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2250178/test-file-text-1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2237185/Table-Tennis-Hall-of-Fame ITTF Hall of Fame 1993 Inductees Victor Barna (HUN) Richard Bergmann (AUT) Laszlo Bellak (HUN) Stephen Kelen (HUN) Jimmy McClure (USA) Zoltan Mechlovitz (HUN) Miklos Szabados (HUN) Bohumil Vana (CZE) Maria Mednyanszky(HUN) Marie Kettnerova (CZE) Anna Sipos (HUN) Vera Votrubcova (CZE) *ITTF Hall of Fame 1995 Inductees Ivan Andreadis (CZE) Ivor Montagu (ENG) Ferenc Sido (HUN) Ladislav Stipek (CZE) Frantisek Tokar (SVK) Angelica Rozeanu (ROM) Gizi Farkas (HUN) Ella Zeller (ROM) *ITTF Hall of Fame 1997 Inductees Ichiro Ogimura (JPN) Johnny Leach (ENG) Toshiaki Tanaka (JPN) Sat, 08 Mar 2008 09:20:40 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2237185/Table-Tennis-Hall-of-Fame http://www.scribd.com/doc/2237184/The-Laws-of-Table-Tennis 2 2.1 2.1.1 THE LAWS OF TABLE TENNIS THE TABLE The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular, 2.74m long and 1.525m wide, and shall lie in a horizontal plane 76cm above the floor. The playing surface shall not include the vertical sides of the tabletop. The playing surface may be of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of about 23cm when a standard ball is dropped on to it from a height of 30cm. The playing surface shall be uniformly dark coloured and matt, but with a white side line, 2cm wide, along each 2.74m edge and a white end line, 2cm wide, Sat, 08 Mar 2008 09:20:40 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2237184/The-Laws-of-Table-Tennis http://www.scribd.com/doc/2234758/IMG-24061 Fri, 07 Mar 2008 21:17:25 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2234758/IMG-24061 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2222020/safecyclinginsf Safe Bicycling in San Francisco Riding with & without bike lanes - p. 15 Where to park your bike safely in SF - p. 7 How to find & repair problems - p. 3 Bikes & transit - p. 27 Know your rights & responsibilities - p. 11 *How to Use This Booklet How should you use this booklet? First, look at the subjects listed on the front cover. You’ll see what page to turn to for that information. If you want other information about how to bike safely in San Francisco, read the Table of Contents. There, we’ve listed everything this booklet covers. If you can’t find what you want, check the list of Wed, 05 Mar 2008 17:53:33 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2222020/safecyclinginsf http://www.scribd.com/doc/2210994/blogging101 Blogging 101 Hi Eve, It's awesome to hear that you're interested in blogging. Since you're new to the world of blogs, I'll give you a brief history of blogging. First off, blogging is writing. At a fundamental level, there is no difference between a blogger and a writer. Put another way, a blogger is a type of writer. The only difference is the medium. Back in the late 1990s, the web was just getting popular. People were making homepages, but most of them were pretty static. However, some people began to keep online journals or diaries. These were basically webpages that were organized using " Tue, 04 Mar 2008 01:03:26 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2210994/blogging101 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194492/lc-pdf-overview-format TIPS AND TRICKS Adobe PDF 101 Quick overview of PDF file format TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Description 1 1 1 2 PDF versions Working with Adobe Intelligent Document Platform solutions Under the hood Save and Save As Description The Adobe® Portable Document Format (PDF) is a formatting language, first conceived by John Warnock, one of the founders of Adobe Systems. The language is large and complex, but here is a quick overview of the key elements for use with eForms. PDF versions The Adobe PDF format is 12 years old. The first version, 1.0, was introduced in 1993. Subsequent releases have added Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:50:36 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194492/lc-pdf-overview-format http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194488/artangles Application of virtual pitch theory in music analysis Llorenç Balsach Abstract In the course of this article a model of harmonic analysis is worked out based on certain properties of the auditory system, which I think will shed new light on the study of cadences and local harmonic resolutions. This model consists basically of extracting the two main fundamentals (roots) which are to be found in 93.3% of chords of less than 6 notes. To do this I apply the basic concepts of virtual pitch but taking into account only those harmonics which are in a prime position in the first seven, which in our Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:49:34 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194488/artangles http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194468/miles69 MILES DAVIS "1969 MILES: FESTIVA DE JUAN PINS" (Sony SRCS 6843; TT = 64:02) Directions (J. Zawinul) Miles Runs the Voodoo Down (M. Davis) Milestones (M. Davis) Footprints (W. Shorter) 'Round Midnight (B. Hanighen-C. Williams-T. Monk) It's about That Time (M. Davis) Sanctuary (W. Shorter-M. Davis) - The Theme (M. Davis) Miles Davis trumpet Wayne Shorter soprano & tenor saxophones Chick Corea electric piano Dave Holland bass Jack DeJohnette drums Recorded 25 July 1969 Juan les Pins Jazz Festival, Antibes O.R.T.F. radio/TV broadcast 6:00 9:17 13:45 11:44 8:51 9:30 4:53 * Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:47:33 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194468/miles69 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194463/400bis IcoMos INTERNATIONAL CONSEIL CONSEJO ME)WYHAPOaHbIti COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL INTERNACIONAL COBET I-i0 BOnPOCAM ON DES MONUMENTS MONUMENTS ET .A S D DES SITES SITES SITIOS MECT DE &lONUMENTOS Y nAMRTHMKOB M I[OCTOrIPIIMEqATEJ?bHbIX WORLD HERITAGE LIST No 400 A) IDENTIFICATION : : Party : April Budapest, of Buda Budapest : Hungary 24, 1986 the Castle banks of the Danube and the district Nomination Location State Date B) ICOMOS RECOMMENDATION proposed List on cultural the basis property of criteria be included II and on IV. the World That the Heritage Cl JUSTIFICATION Within the unified Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:46:46 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194463/400bis http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194452/commerdos Paul Erdos (1913–1996) ˝ L´ szl´ Babai and Joel Spencer ao Uncle Paul Joel Spencer Paul Erdo was a searcher, a searcher for math˝s ematical truth. Paul’s place in the mathematical pantheon will be a matter of strong debate, for in that rarefied atmosphere he had a unique style. The late Ernst Straus said it best in a commemoration of Erdo ˝s’s seventieth birthday. In our century, in which mathematics is so strongly dominated by “theory constructors” he has remained the prince of problem solvers and the absolute monarch of problem posers. One of my friends—a great mathematici Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:44:54 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194452/commerdos http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194451/2cultures The Two Cultures of Mathematics. W. T. Gowers In his famous Rede lecture of 1959, entitled “The Two Cultures”, C. P. Snow argued that the lack of communication between the humanities and the sciences was very harmful, and he particularly criticized those working in the humanities for their lack of understanding of science. One of the most memorable passages draws attention to a lack of symmetry which still exists, in a milder form, forty years later: A good many times I have been present at gatherings of people who, by the standards of the traditional culture, are thought highly educated a Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:44:49 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194451/2cultures http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194450/trails ’ gg'¾¤–qG–I µ» º·–® *uG*q"U**–³­*±i°GVš Š%')%{ «« ŠzQ)%*j¥¢¡2£—%¦Xg¦ 1¥qQgX'Ÿ2£*¢›¤QŸ2œ%dz–˜ À ¿ ¿ ¿ ½ ¼ ®¶ ¹ ® · ² ¹¸ · ±¶µ² ± ´ ® ² ¯ ® ­ ¬ ¡ ž › Ÿ © © › ¡ ª ž Ÿ © › © ¨ § š ¡ ž Ÿ   ¤ ¡   ž œ › š ™ a * W W B T C ƒ ‘   Œ ‹ ‰ ‡ Y w H * i † r * P ƒ H * T H B * C * H H c — ˜ e – “ “ ’ ” ’ ’ ‘  Ž  IUU)¤£UR¦e—Ss kdŽŠ‰@zŠˆx2ˆFIˆ‡¦*{V**SmshFI***')¤'I'nBtG85%$GGfˆ•ff—“f–Y kdŠ‰Œ ‹zŠx**VI'IS$IIF**)SGx*‡*'†GUS*SGˆ)…UGIe*S£S"vFI**'II*GI Fri, 29 Feb 2008 22:44:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2194450/trails http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188696/WINESPECTATOR-MAY07 ******** Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:34 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188696/WINESPECTATOR-MAY07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188695/FOODWINE-NOV07 **** Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188695/FOODWINE-NOV07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188694/7x7-EPIC-FEB07 *** Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188694/7x7-EPIC-FEB07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188693/VIA-SEPT06 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:29 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188693/VIA-SEPT06 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188692/SFBIZTIMES-DEC06 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:29 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188692/SFBIZTIMES-DEC06 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188690/SFBIZTIMES-SEPT06 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:27 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188690/SFBIZTIMES-SEPT06 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188689/SFEXAMINER-SEPT07 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:27 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188689/SFEXAMINER-SEPT07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188688/SFEXAMINER-SEPT06 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:27 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188688/SFEXAMINER-SEPT06 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188687/VIRTUOSO-SEPT07 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:27 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188687/VIRTUOSO-SEPT07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188686/NYTIMES-SEPT07 * Thu, 28 Feb 2008 17:28:27 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2188686/NYTIMES-SEPT07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2184420/YUI-Uploader-Control-Cheat-Sheet YUI Library: Uploader Instantiating the Uploader <div id="myUploader" style=”width:400px; height:210px”></div> <script> var myUploader = new YAHOO.widget.Uploader("myUploader"); </script> 2008-2-19b v2.5 Simple Use Case myUploader.addEventListener("fileSelect", onFileSelect); myUploader.browse(false, [{description:"Images", extensions:"*.jpg, *.gif"}]); function onFileSelect (event:Object) { myUploader.uploadAll("YOUR UPLOAD URL"); } YAHOO.widget.Uploader Properties: SWFURL (s) Instantiates a new Uploader object, myUploader, which is bound to a div whose id attribute is 'myUploader'. Thu, 28 Feb 2008 02:40:55 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2184420/YUI-Uploader-Control-Cheat-Sheet http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177249/1545 SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE Adaptability and production of hottest chilli variety under Gwalior agro-climatic conditions Chilli or cayenne is one of the valuable crops of India and is cultivated in almost all parts of the country, especially Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. It belongs to the family Solanaceae. Chilli is not a native crop of India; it was brought from Portugalies in the 15th Century. Due to its taste and unlimited utility, chilli is used all over India and today we are the biggest producer. There is a good demand for Indian chillies abroad. We export about 35,000 tonnes Tue, 26 Feb 2008 23:56:45 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177249/1545 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177248/scr974 SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE (Table 1, Figure 1). Both the layers of gel prepared in Sisco agar showed poorly visible halo zones, while with Qualigens, the halo zone was of moderate intensity. Similar type of results were observed when different media varying in composition, particularly in carbon sources were used. A well-like halo zone under the spot, which was clearer after removing the growth with cotton swab, was considered as positive antagonism. The examination of 38 strains as test strains against 15 non-bacteriocin producing sensitive strains on YEDXA, made with a mixture of Qualigens an Tue, 26 Feb 2008 23:56:40 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177248/scr974 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177247/Biolabs * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 23:56:38 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177247/Biolabs http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177246/Certified-Lab-Certificate * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 23:56:37 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177246/Certified-Lab-Certificate http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177216/makingof-salad-web2 BEHIND THE SCENES OF SALAD T I L L N O W A K *fr a m eboX s tu d io *>> Till Nowak is working as a freelance media artist since 1999 in his own studio in Mainz, Germany. He studied “media design“ and graduated with his award winning shortfilm “Delivery“ . >> "Salad" is a computer generated image created in November 20 06. It is a tribute to the fantastic artist H.R. Giger and the classical painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. *3D generated image "Salad" Paintings by Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527 - 1593) *Wireframe model *1 2 3 4 [1] Wireframe Models [2] Geometry [3] Capsi Tue, 26 Feb 2008 23:53:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2177216/makingof-salad-web2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176551/gate * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 21:07:36 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176551/gate http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176550/5x5 * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 21:07:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176550/5x5 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176549/polyhedron E S * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 21:07:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176549/polyhedron http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176548/tumbling-blocks S E * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 21:07:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176548/tumbling-blocks http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176547/4x4 * Tue, 26 Feb 2008 21:07:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176547/4x4 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151919/SF19 General Equilibrium (Welfare Economics) *General Equilibrium Partial Equilibrium: Neglects the way in which changes in one market affect other (product/factor) markets. x General Equilibrium: Analyses the way in which the choices of economic agents are co-ordinated across all product and factor markets. x *Agenda x x x Exchange Economy – 2 individuals/consumers (A and B) – 2 products (X and Y) Production Economy – 2 products (X and Y) – 2 factors (L and K) General Equilibrium – 2 individuals/consumers (A and B) – 2 products (X and Y) – 2 factors (L and K) *Exchange Economy Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:26 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151919/SF19 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151918/SF18 Input (Factor of Production) Markets *Introduction Factor Markets x Factors of Production: Land, Labour, Capital, Entrepreneurship x Focus on Labour x Review (to some extent) x *Derived Demand x The demand for a factor (say, labour) is a derived demand for the product that the factor produces. *Individual Supply of Labour (Review) Recall the income and substitution effects of a wage increase (I.e. labour-leisure trade-off) Substitution Effect: w ↑ ⇒ Price of Leisure ↑ ⇒ Demand for leisure ↓ ⇒ Supply of Labour ↑ Income Effect: w ↑ ⇒ Real Income ↑ ⇒ Demand for leisure Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:21 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151918/SF18 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151917/SF17 Oligopoly (Game Theory) *Oligopoly: Assumptions x x x x x Many buyers Very small number of major sellers (actions and reactions are important) Homogeneous product (usually, but not necessarily) Perfect knowledge (usually, but not necessarily) Restricted entry (usually, but not necessarily) *Oligopoly Models 1. 2. 3. 4. “Kinked” Demand Curve Cournot (1838) Bertrand (1883) Nash (1950s): Game Theory *“Kinked” Demand Curve P Elastic p* Inelastic D or d Q* or q* Q or q *“Kinked” Demand Curve P Elastic Where do p* and q* come from? p* Inelastic D or d Q* or q* Q or q *Cournot Co Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:19 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151917/SF17 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151916/SF16 Monopolistic Competition *Assumptions Many buyers and a “large-ish” number of sellers x Sellers are price-makers (i.e. have market power) to some extent in the short run x Differentiated products x Freedom of entry and exit x *Short Run Equilibrium: Firm MC P MR Demand q *Short Run Equilibrium: Firm MC P Output: MC = MR qmc MR Demand q *Short Run Equilibrium: Firm MC P Price is Pmc Pmc qmc MR Demand q *Short Run Equilibrium: Firm MC Note: Pmc > AC at qmc P Excess profits exist (in the short run) AC Pmc qmc MR Demand q *Long Run Equilibrium: Firm MC P Note: Pmc = AC at Ym Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:15 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151916/SF16 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151915/SF15 Economic Welfare: Monopoly v. Perfect Competition *Agenda Societal Welfare/Economic Welfare: Criteria Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus x Compare Monopoly and Perfect Competition x Price Discrimination x *Economic Welfare Consumer surplus measures economic welfare from the buyer/consumer perspective. x Producer surplus measures economic welfare from the seller/producer perspective. x *Consumer Surplus Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a product minus the amount the buyer actually pays. x Consumer surplus is the area below the demand curve and above the market pric Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:13 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151915/SF15 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151914/SF14 Monopoly *Monopoly: Why? Natural monopoly (increasing returns to scale), e.g. (parts of) utility companies? x Artificial monopoly – a patent; e.g. a new drug – sole ownership of a resource; e.g. a toll bridge – formation of a cartel; e.g. OPEC x *Monopoly: Assumptions Many buyers x Only one seller i.e. not a price-taker x (Homogeneous product) x Perfect information x Restricted entry (and possibly exit) x *Monopoly: Features The monopolist’s demand curve is the (downward sloping) market demand curve x The monopolist can alter the market price by adjusting its output level. x *Monop Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:10 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151914/SF14 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151913/SF13 Firm Supply: Market Structure & Perfect Competition *Firm Supply x How does a firm decide how much to supply at a given price? This depends upon the firm’s – goals; – technology; – market environment; and – competitors’ behaviour. *Market Environment Are there many other firms? x How do other firms’ decisions effect the firm’s payoffs? x *Market Environment Monopoly: Just one seller that determines the quantity supplied/the market-clearing price. x Oligopoly: A very small number of firms, the decision of each influencing the payoffs of the other firms. x *Market Environmen Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:07 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151913/SF13 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151910/SF12 Costs *Conditional Demand x Conditional Factor Demand The choice of inputs that will yield minimal costs for the firm will in general depend on the input prices (w, r) and the level of output the firm wants to produce, i.e., L=L(w,r, y) K=K(w, r, y) (y represents a given level of output) *Short Run Costs Total Costs = VC + FC VC is variable costs and FC is fixed costs. We usually think of Labour as being the variable factor and Capital as being the fixed factor. *Short Run Costs Average costs ATC = VC/Y +FC/Y ATC = AVC + AFC Marginal costs MC=δTC/δY = δVC/δY = MVC (MFC = 0) *Short Run Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:03 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151910/SF12 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151909/SF11 Cost Constraint/Isocost Line *COST CONSTRAINT C= wL + rK (m = p1x1 +p2x2) w: wage rate (including fringe benefits, holidays, PRSI, etc) r: rental rate of capital Rearranging: K=C/r-(w/r)L *COST CONSTRAINT (-) w/r K C/r C=wL+rK Represents society’s willingness to trade the factors of production C/w L Slope of the isocost = ∆ K/∆L=δK/δ L= (-) w/r *EQUILIBRIUM K Y e C = wL + rK L *EQUILIBRIUM We can either Minimise cost subject to Y = Y ⇒ C and e or Maximise output subject to equilibrium C = C ⇒ Y and e equilibrium *EQUILIBRIUM Lagrangian method Minimise cost subject to Fri, 22 Feb 2008 11:00:01 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151909/SF11 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151908/SF10 Production Theory 2 *Returns-to-Scale Marginal product describe the change in output level as a single input level changes. (Short-run) x Returns-to-scale describes how the output level changes as all input levels change, e.g. all input levels doubled. (Long-run) x *Returns-to-Scale If, for any input bundle (x1,…,xn), f (tx1 , tx2 ,, txn ) = t. f ( x1 , x2 ,, xn ) then the technology described by the production function f exhibits constant returns-to-scale, e.g. doubling all input levels doubles the output level (t=2). Note: Books often (confusingly) replace t with k. *Returns-to-S Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:56 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151908/SF10 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151907/SF9 Production Theory 1 *Short-Run v. Long-Run x x x x Fixed input/factor of production: quantity of input is fixed regardless of required output level, e.g. capital or specialized labour Variable input/factor of production: quantity of input used depends on the level of output Short run: at least one input/factor is fixed Long run: all inputs/factors are variable *Production Function A technology is a process by which inputs (e.g. labour and capital) are converted into output. x The output level is denoted by y. x The technology’s production function states the maximum amount of output pos Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:52 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151907/SF9 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151905/SF8 INCOME AND SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS: APPLICATIONS *INCOME AND SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS: APPLICATIONS Subsidy on one product only v. Increase in income (at equal cost to government) x Consumption v. Saving (Intertemporal choice) x Labour v. Leisure x *AN INCREASE in INCOME v. A SUBSIDY on ONE PRODUCT ONLY Involves equal cost to the government x Example: food stamps used in the US for welfare recipients (Ireland: television licence, electricity, transport, …) x *AN INCREASE in INCOME v. A SUBSIDY on ONE PRODUCT ONLY Budget constraint is given by A p1 x1 A p2 x 2 + =M The government can (1) give Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151905/SF8 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151904/SF7-1 Price Change: Income and Substitution Effects *THE IMPACT OF A PRICE CHANGE x Economists often separate the impact of a price change into two components: – the substitution effect; and – the income effect. *THE IMPACT OF A PRICE CHANGE x x x The substitution effect involves the substitution of good x1 for good x2 or viceversa due to a change in relative prices of the two goods. The income effect results from an increase or decrease in the consumer’s real income or purchasing power as a result of the price change. The sum of these two effects is called the price effect. *THE IMPACT Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:43 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151904/SF7-1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151903/SF6 Elasticity *ELASTICITY General Case Z = f (W ,...) then ε zw ∆Z dZ %∆Z Z = Z = dZ • W = = %∆W ∆W dW dW Z W W Note: Unit Free (Unlike Slope = dZ/dW) *ELASTICITY x Examples: Own Price Elasticity of Demand Income Elasticity of Demand Cross Price Elasticity of Demand *OWN PRICE ELASTICITY ∂x i ∂ pi where ∂ x i pi ε ii = • ∂pi x i is the slope of the demand curve ε ii > 1 ε ii < 1 ε ii = 1 ⇒ Elastic Demand ⇒ Inelastic Demand ⇒ Unit Elasticity of Demand *OWN PRICE ELASTICITY ε ii =f(substitutability, time, proportion on income spent on the good,…) Cobb Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:37 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151903/SF6 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151902/SF5 Demand *PROPORTIES OF DEMAND FUNCTIONS x Comparative statics analysis of ordinary demand functions: the study of how ordinary demands x1*(p1,p2,M) and x2*(p1,p2,M) change as prices p1, p2 and income M change. *OWN-PRICE CHANGES x How does x1*(p1,p2,M) change as p1 changes, holding p2 and M constant? Suppose only p1 increases, from p1 = 1 to p1 = 2 and then to p1= 3. x *OWN-PRICE CHANGES x2 Fixed p2 and M p1x1 + p2x2 = M p1 = 1 x1 *OWN-PRICE CHANGES x2 Fixed p2 and M p1x1 + p2x2 = M p1 = 1 p1= 2 x1 *OWN-PRICE CHANGES x2 Fixed p2 and M p1x1 + p2x2 = M p1 = 1 p1= 3 p1= 2 x1 *Own-Pri Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151902/SF5 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151901/SF4 Rational Choice *CHOICE 1. 2. Scarcity (income constraint) Tastes (indifference map/utility function) *ECONOMIC RATIONALITY The principal behavioral postulate is that a decision-maker chooses its most preferred alternative from those available to it. x The available choices constitute the choice set. x How is the most preferred bundle in the choice set located/found? x *RATIONAL CONSTRAINED CHOICE x2 More preferred bundles Affordable bundles x1 *RATIONAL CONSTRAINED CHOICE x2 x 2* x 1* x1 *RATIONAL CONSTRAINED CHOICE x2 (x1*,x2*) is the most preferred affordable bundle. x 2* E x 1 Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:28 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151901/SF4 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151900/SF3 Utility *UTILITY FUNCTIONS x x A preference relation that is complete, reflexive, transitive and continuous can be represented by a continuous utility function (as an alternative, or as a complement, to the indifference “map” of the previous lecture). Continuity means that small changes to a consumption bundle cause only small changes to the preference (utility) level. *UTILITY FUNCTIONS x A utility function U(x) represents a  preference relation if and only if: ~ x0 x0 x1 x1 U(x0) > U(x1) U(x0) < U(x1) U(x0) = U(x1) x 0 ∼ x1 *UTILITY FUNCTIONS Utility is an ordinal (i.e. order Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:22 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151900/SF3 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151899/SF2 Tastes/Preferences Indifference Curves *Rationality in Economics Rationality Behavioral Postulate: “Rational Economic Man” The decision-maker chooses the most preferred bundle from the set of available bundles. x We must model: Set of available bundles; and The decision-maker’s preferences. x *PREFERENCES X is the bundle (x1,x2) and Y is the bundle (y1,y2) ≥ ~ > Weakly preferred Bundle X is as least as good as bundle Y (X ≥ Y) Indifferent Strictly preferred Bundle X is equivalent to bundle Y (X ~ Y) Bundle X is preferred to bundle Y (X > Y) *PREFERENCES: Axioms 1. Completenes Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:18 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151899/SF2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151898/SF1 SF Intermediate Economics Microeconomic Notes Francis O’Toole (Suzanne O’Neill & Frances Ruane) *CONSUMER THEORY We will look at 2. Scarcity: income and prices 3. Tastes 4. Combine scarcity and tastes (i) Individual demand (ii) Market demand *SCARCITY 2 Goods: X1 and X2 Fixed money income: M Given prices: p1 and p2 Income constraint: p1X1+p2X2=M Rearranging, X2 = M/p2 – (p1/p2)X1 Slope: δX2/ δX1 = - (p1/p2) *x2 m /p2 Budget Set and Constraint for Two Products Budget constraint is p1x1 + p2x2 = m m /p1 x1 *x2 m /p2 Budget Set and Constraint for Two Products Budget constraint is Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:59:14 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151898/SF1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151893/day12 Psychology 205 Perception Day 12 27 Feb 03     *Parapsychology mediumship   psychokinesis  precognition   telepathy  clairvoyance  ­­  magicians vs. physicists  ­­ Uri Geller & James Randi ­­  seers ­­  1975, J.B. Rhine ­­  autoganzfeld experiments AAAS accepts in 1969 case studies vs. scientific method replicability probability & statistics  ­ a priori ­  chance        ­ a posteriori ­ base rate Does use of the scientific method imply that the  research is science?     *Prelim: Thurs, 4 Mar during Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:57:01 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151893/day12 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151891/day11 Psychology 205 Perception 25 Feb 03 Day 11     *Light and the Eye evolution of eyes structure of the human eye uncorrected and corrected vision emmetropia myopia hyperopia near and far points   the costs of literacy   *Evolutionary changes in the eye function Rule: All intermediate states must be useful 1. spots 2. chambers ­ ­     3a. pinhole        chambers ­ 3b. compound      4. dioptric ­ 5. dioptric, ­     mobile, &       foveated detect presence of light, circadian rhythms + directionality      Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:56:56 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151891/day11 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151883/day10 Psychology 205 Perception Day 10 20 Feb 03     *    Speech Perception demonstrations ­ speech synthesis & analysis categorical perception discrimination functions identification functions discriminability = identifiability speech production ­­ source­filter theory spectrum & spectrogram infant & infrahuman perception of speech habituation & dishabituation     harmonics  formants *speech demos:     *filter Instruments to change shape of filter     source *speech stream: vowels: monophthongs:  consonants: stops: prevoiced: liquids:voice Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:56:22 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151883/day10 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151880/day09 Psychology 205 Perception Day 09 18 Feb 03     *Sounds, the Ear, and Deafness Fourier's theorem Fourier analysis frequency  (Hz) amplitude  (dB) phase  (deg) "complexity" pitch loudness      ­­­              (auditory localization) timbre ­­ onset, harmonics Fourier synthesis Fletcher­Munson curves auditory pathways hearing anomalies and deafness     *Fourier's theorem Fourier analysis and the ear   physical  dimensions psychological counterparts frequency  (Hz) amplitude  (dB) phase  (deg) "complexity"       pi Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:55:51 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151880/day09 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151878/day08 Psychology 205 Perception Day 08 13 Feb 03     *    Haptics, Posture, & Movement Neuro­muscular Apparatus Haptics  Vestibular Apparatus Balance detection thresholds, Golgi tendon and  muscle spindle organ, & an illusion responses to:  linear acceleration           angular acceleration gravito­inertial force endolymphs & density          2 heat, alcohol, and  H2O gaze­stability motion sickness Contributions of & to Vision      *fissure of Rolando front back right hemisphere,   reversed from Day 07   Sylvian fissure Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:55:23 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151878/day08 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151875/day07 Psychology 205 Perception 11 Feb 03 Day 07     *                  Skin, Pain, & Phantom Limbs Primaries  ­­ pressure, pain von Frey hairs  Lateral inhibition   temperature ­ warm & cold two­point thresholds receptive fields center­surround organization Skin & its innervation, cortical maps Pain & its systems ­­ anecdotes   1. hormonal ­ endorphins, enkephalins morphine ­ before & after injury 2. cognitive/cultural couvade 3. neuronal    Gate Control Theory ­ Melzack *Primaries Initial research on  touch Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:54:56 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151875/day07 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151873/day06 Psychology 205 Perception 06 Feb 03 Day 06     *     Three Kinds of Adaptation definition: "Modify to suit new conditions" biology:   Darwin ­­ change in the genome so that the phenome       better fits its ecological niche; better ­­> reproduction;       change random with selection perception:    1. Responding to constant stimuli     2. Accommodating different ranges of stimulation    3. Accommodating different patterns of stimulation     cortex sensory systems sensory neurons     *1. Response to Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:53:59 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151873/day06 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151870/day05 Psychology 205 Perception 4 Feb 03 Day 05     *                  Chemical Senses Lucretius ­ simulacra nose, tongue, & vomeronasal organ issues about primaries ­ sensory qualities coding ­ labeled line (Müller) 3 criteria     cross­fiber patterning 1. physical mixtures of secondaries from  primaries (Newton) 2. receptor­specificity (Müller) 3. psychological/cultural salience volatility, adsorbability, soluability brain structures ­ triune brain ­ central core, limbic system, cortex rule of opposition (decussa Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:52:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151870/day05 http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151866/day04 Psychology 205 Perception 30 January 03 Day 04     *         Signal Detection Theory Four categories of stimuli & responses: hits, misses, false alarms, & correct rejections Two aspects measured:   Criterion  ß         bias, mental set Sensitivity d’ physiological attunement Assumptions: 1. normal distribution (of noise) 2. signal with unchanging strength 3. fixed decision criterion Some examples, and with criterion shifts:   properties of "normality" means & standard deviations; z scores 1. unbiased,         Fri, 22 Feb 2008 10:52:03 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/2151866/day04