http://www.scribd.com/people/view/92713-mrkva2000-account This a feed for documents on Scribd written by CFR research 30 Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:38 GMT Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:38 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328134/CFR-World-AIDS-Day-Tobias-Letter Ambassador Randall Tobias Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator United States Department of State 2201 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20520 December 1, 2003 Dear Ambassador Tobias: As physicians, nurses, public health specialists, we write to you on World AIDS Day to seek your assurance that US-funded HIV/AIDS prevention programs will be guided by sound science and human rights principles. We are members of Physicians for Human Rights’ Health Action AIDS campaign, which is committed to best practices for a comprehensive strategy of HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment. We support the ABC’ Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:38 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328134/CFR-World-AIDS-Day-Tobias-Letter http://www.scribd.com/doc/328133/CFR-WhyHealthIsImportantToForeignPolicy Why Health Is Important to U.S. Foreign Policy Jordan S. Kassalow Council on Foreign Relations, April 19, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgments Executive Summary Recommendations for U.S. Policy Policy and Program Commitments Implementing the Policy Introduction Narrow Self-Interest Resurgent and Emerging Diseases Globalized Disease Transmission Treatment Challenges Present and Future Risks Enlighted Self-Interest: First among Equals Health and Social Capital Health and Political Stability Health and the Economy Health and War Analyzing U.S. Risks Global Engagement: The Good Leader U. Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328133/CFR-WhyHealthIsImportantToForeignPolicy http://www.scribd.com/doc/328132/CFR-Wallander-NATO-Article Institutional Assets and Adaptability: NATO After the Cold War Celeste A. Wallander What happens to alliances when their precipitating threats disappear? Understood in realist terms, alliances should not outlive the threats they were created to address. As coalitions of states aggregating their capabilities to cope with common enemies, alliances should have no purpose beyond deterrence or defense, and no resources beyond the power and purpose of their members.1 When threats disappear, allies lose their reason for cooperating, and the coalition will break apart. Consistent with the theoretical Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:32 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328132/CFR-Wallander-NATO-Article http://www.scribd.com/doc/328131/CFR-Venezuela-CSR-Spanish CENTRO PARA LA ACCIÓN PREVENTIVA La vida con Hugo Política de Estados Unidos hacia la Venezuela de Hugo Chávez Richard Lapper CSR NO. 20, NOVIEMBRE 2006 CONSEJO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES *Fundado en 1921, el Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) es una organización independiente, de membresía nacional y un centro no partidista para académicos dedicados a producir y difundir ideas de forma que los miembros individuales y corporativos, así como los responsables políticos, los periodistas, los estudiantes y los ciudadanos interesados en Estados Unidos y otros países puedan entender mejor Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:28 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328131/CFR-Venezuela-CSR-Spanish http://www.scribd.com/doc/328130/CFR-USIndiaNuclearCSR U.S.-India Nuclear Cooperation A Strategy for Moving Forward Michael A. Levi Charles D. Ferguson CSR NO. 16, JUNE 2006 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governm Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:17 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328130/CFR-USIndiaNuclearCSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/328129/CFR-USChina-LongTerm Shaping U.S.-China Relations: A Long Term Strategy By Elizabeth C. Economy and Michel Oksenberg Council on Foreign Relations, January, 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Nancy Yao from the Council on Foreign Relations for her research and logistical assistance and Sarah Holmes from Stanford University for her research and administrative support. We also want to express our appreciation to the members of the Council's China and Constructive Engagement Study Group. The Study Group's participants, especially those who wrote papers, provided much of the data and many of the insights for Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:09 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328129/CFR-USChina-LongTerm http://www.scribd.com/doc/328128/CFR-us-jap-chinaiviii The United States, Japan, and China Setting the Course Neil E. Silver A Council on Foreign Relations Paper *The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., a nonprofit, nonpartisan national organization founded in 1921, is dedicated to promoting understanding of international affairs through the free and civil exchange of ideas. The Council’s members are dedicated to the belief that America’s peace and prosperity are firmly linked to that of the world. From this flows the mission of the Council: to foster America’s understanding of other nations— their peoples, cultures, histories, hopes, q Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:06:02 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328128/CFR-us-jap-chinaiviii http://www.scribd.com/doc/328127/CFR-UNAMI-english *** Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:57 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328127/CFR-UNAMI-english http://www.scribd.com/doc/328126/CFR-UNAMI-arabic ‫284/7002/‪S‬‬ ‫‪Provisional‬‬ ‫7002 ‪9 August‬‬ ‫‪Arabic‬‬ ‫‪Original: English‬‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜـــﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـــﺪﺓ ﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴـــﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤـــﻰ ﻭﺃﻳﺮﻟﻨـــﺪﺍ ﺍﻟـــﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳـــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـــﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ: ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ،‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﻳــﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴــﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺗــﻪ ﺍ Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:50 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328126/CFR-UNAMI-arabic http://www.scribd.com/doc/328125/CFR-UN-TaskForce COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ENHANCING U.S. LEADERSHIP AT THE UNITED NATIONS REPORT OF AN INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE COSPONSORED BY THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS AND FREEDOM HOUSE DAVID DREIER AND LEE H. HAMILTON, CO-CHAIRS LEE FEINSTEIN AND ADRIAN KARATNYCKY, PROJECT CO-DIRECTORS *Enhancing U.S. Leadership at the United Nations Report of an Independent Task Force Cosponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations and Freedom House David Dreier and Lee H. Hamilton, Co-Chairs Lee Feinstein and Adrian Karatnycky, Project Co-Directors *The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:47 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328125/CFR-UN-TaskForce http://www.scribd.com/doc/328124/CFR-Uganda-Fact-Sheet USAID ASSISTANCE TO UGANDA FY 2004 (actual) $28,176.000 $36.020.000 $23.445.324 $0 $69.880.000 N/A $8.960.762 $166.482.000 FY 2005 (actual) $27.967.000 $13.160.000 $72.478.178 $0 $ 66.140.900 N/A $11.841.219 $191.587.297 FY 2006 (request) $21.476.000 $11.160.000 $66.273.000 TBD TBD TBD TBD $115.856.000 Resources Development Assistance Child Survival & Health Global HIV/AIDS Initiative Economic Support Fund PL 480 Title II IDFA Disaster Assistance Total Program Funds USAID PROGRAM GOAL Uganda is a transformational development country with fragile state elements. USAID/Uganda’s program goal Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328124/CFR-Uganda-Fact-Sheet http://www.scribd.com/doc/328123/CFR-Trade-Policy Future Visions for U.S. Trade Policy Bruce Stokes, Council on Foreign Relations This volume is the second in a series of Council on Foreign Relations Policy Initiatives designed specifically to encourage debate on crucial topics in U.S. foreign policy. The substance of the volume benefited from the comments of several analysts and many contributors, but responsibility for the final text remains with the project director. CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgments Memorandum to the President from the National Economic Council Memo One: American Trade Leadership and the Global Economic System - C. Fred B Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:28 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328123/CFR-Trade-Policy http://www.scribd.com/doc/328122/CFR-ToolboxFlynn Pre-Publication Copy Autumn 2005 (Vol. 1, No. 1) The following article, in whole or in part, may not be copied, downloaded, stored, further transmitted, transfered, distributed, altered or otherwise used, in any form or by any means, except: • one stored electronic and one paper copy of any article solely for your personal, non-commercial use; or • with prior written permission of The American Interest LLC. To subscribe to our online version, visit www.The-American-Interest.com To subscribe to our print version, call 1-800-767-5273 or mail the form below to: THE AMERICAN INTEREST PO BOX 3 Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:22 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328122/CFR-ToolboxFlynn http://www.scribd.com/doc/328121/CFR-steil-isma BUILDING A TRANSATLANTIC TRANSATLANTIC SECURITIES MARKET By Benn Steil Published in cooperation with the Council on Foreign Relations, New York *TRANSATLANTIC BUILDING A TRANSATLANTIC SECURITIES MARKET Published by the International Securities Market Association (ISMA) in cooperation with the Council on Foreign Relations, this report has been commissioned by ISMA with a view to contributing to public awareness of the transatlantic securities market. All statements, BUILDING A TRANSATLANTIC TRANSATLANTIC SECURITIES MARKET The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing Amer Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:05:10 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328121/CFR-steil-isma http://www.scribd.com/doc/328120/CFR-Steil-FBOT COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021 Tel 212 434 9622 Fax 212 434 9875 Email bsteil@cfr.org Benn Steil Director of International Economics www.cfr.org July 5, 2006 Ms. Eileen Donovan Acting Secretary of the Commission Commodity Futures Trading Commission Three Lafayette Center 1155 21st Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20581 Dear Ms. Donovan, I am writing to summarize my views, expressed at your Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:04:51 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328120/CFR-Steil-FBOT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328119/CFR-simonbyman Editor: Nikolas K. Gvosdev www.nationalinterest.org • 1615 L Street, N.W. • Suite 1230 • Washington, D.C. 20036 • • (202) 467-4884 • Fax (202) 467-0006 • editor@nationalinterest.org • the NatioNal iNterest Number 86 • Nov./Dec. 2006 No part of this article may be copied, downloaded, stored, further transmitted, transfered, distributed, altered or otherwise used, in any form or by any means, except: • one stored electronic and one paper copy of any article solely for your personal, non-commercial use; or • with prior written permission of tHe national interest. tHe nati Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:04:49 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328119/CFR-simonbyman http://www.scribd.com/doc/328116/CFR-SEC-Market-Proposal-Steil-51804 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021 Tel 212 434 9622 Fax 212 434 9875 Email bsteil@cfr.org www.cfr.org statement of Dr. Benn Steil André Meyer Senior Fellow in International Economics Council on Foreign Relations co-author of Institutional Investors (MIT Press, 2001) and co-editor of Technological Innovation & Economic Performance (Princeton University Press, 2002) before the Committee on Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:04:08 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328116/CFR-SEC-Market-Proposal-Steil-51804 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328115/CFR-Samore-in-Global-Asia global asia ToP sECrET Dear Leader To the Editors of Global Asia: I have been able to obtain a TOP SECRET memo from Kim Gye Gwan, the head of the North Korean delegation to the Six Party Talks, to North Korean leader Kim Jung Il. The memo is dated February 12, one day before the joint agreement on North Korea’s nuclear disarmament was announced. I think the memo provides some insight into Pyongyang’s perception of the new agreement and long-term nuclear strategy. Sincerely yours, Gary Samore Vice President and Director of Studies Council on Foreign Relations New York, New York Inside the Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:04:06 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328115/CFR-Samore-in-Global-Asia http://www.scribd.com/doc/328113/CFR-Responders-TF COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS EMERGENCY RESPONDERS: DRASTICALLY UNDERFUNDED, DANGEROUSLY UNPREPARED REPORT OF AN INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE SPONSORED BY THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS WARREN B. RUDMAN, CHAIR RICHARD A. CLARKE, SENIOR ADVISER JAMIE F. METZL, PROJECT DIRECTOR *Emergency Responders: Drastically Underfunded, Dangerously Unprepared Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations Warren B. Rudman, Chair Richard A. Clarke, Senior Adviser Jamie F. Metzl, Project Director *The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing America’s unders Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:02:45 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328113/CFR-Responders-TF http://www.scribd.com/doc/328112/CFR-public-diplomacy Finding America’s Voice: A Strategy for Reinvigorating U.S. Public Diplomacy Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations Peter G. Peterson, Chair Kathy Bloomgarden, Henry Grunwald, David E. Morey, and Shibley Telhami, Working Committee Chairs Jennifer Sieg, Project Director Sharon Herbstman, Project Coordinator *The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive debates, clarifying world issues, p Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:02:27 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328112/CFR-public-diplomacy http://www.scribd.com/doc/328111/CFR-pringsummer-2000 Correspondence An International Review of Culture and Society Issue No. 6 Spring/Summer 2000 An International Project of the Committee on Intellectual Correspondence Published by the Counci l on Foreign Relations The Double Bind of the World Press n 1793, while hiding in a Parisian garret from Robespierre’s police, the eminent French mathematician and Enlightenment philosopher the Marquis de Condorcet wrote the remarkable Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progrès de l’esprit humain. In that sketch, Condorcet, who had invented a calculus of probabilities that underwrote the principle Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:01:22 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328111/CFR-pringsummer-2000 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328109/CFR-PostWar-Iraq 74038Textpages 1/23/03 8:02 AM Page i Guiding Principles for U.S. Post-Conflict Policy in Iraq Report of an Independent Working Group Cosponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations and the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Edward P. Djerejian and Frank G. Wisner, Co-Chairs Rachel Bronson and Andrew S. Weiss, Project Co-Directors *74038Textpages 1/23/03 8:02 AM Page ii The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Counci Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328109/CFR-PostWar-Iraq http://www.scribd.com/doc/328108/CFR-PostConflict-Capabilities-final In the Wake of War: Improving U.S. Post-Conflict Capabilities **In the Wake of War: Improving U.S. Post-Conflict Capabilities Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the forei Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:33 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328108/CFR-PostConflict-Capabilities-final http://www.scribd.com/doc/328106/CFR-PewAmericas-Place-2005 NEWS Release 1615 L Street, N.W., Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel (202) 419-4350 Fax (202) 419-4399 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ FOR RELEASE: THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2005 America’s Place In The World 2005 OPINION LEADERS TURN CAUTIOUS, PUBLIC LOOKS HOMEWARD FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Pew Research Center for The People & The Press Andrew Kohut, Director Carroll Doherty, Associate Director Michael Dimock, Associate Director 202/419-4350 http://www.people-press.org Coun Wed, 26 Sep 2007 00:00:19 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328106/CFR-PewAmericas-Place-2005 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328103/CFR-PatentLaw101 561 PATENT LAW 101: DOES A GRUDGING LUNDGREN PANEL DECISION MEAN THAT THE USPTO IS FINALLY GETTING THE STATUTORY SUBJECT MATTER QUESTION RIGHT? JOHN A. SQUIRES AND THOMAS S. BIEMER ∗ I. INTRODUCTION “Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor; subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.”1 These thirty-six simple, statutory words unlock the door to patentability. Behind that door are potential property rights of tremendous commercial – Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:57 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328103/CFR-PatentLaw101 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328101/CFR-Papua-CSR THE CENTER FOR PREVENTIVE ACTION Peace in Papua Widening a Window of Opportunity Blair A. King CSR NO. 14, MARCH 2006 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governm Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:53 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328101/CFR-Papua-CSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/328100/CFR-pandemic-conferencesummary COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021 Tel 212 434 9888 Fax 212 434 9832 Website www.cfr.org Summary: A Conference on the Global Threat of Pandemic Influenza On November 16, 2005 the Council on Foreign Relations held a day-long conference on the global threat of pandemic influenza, bringing together leaders in the public health, business, and nonprofit sectors to assess the planning and priorit Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:37 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328100/CFR-pandemic-conferencesummary http://www.scribd.com/doc/328099/CFR-Opportunity-Haass 1 • The Opportunity to Define an Era **the current world situation seems depressing, at times overwhelming. Terrorism is now a part of the fabric of modern life; at best we live with it, at worst we will die from it. It is a question of “when” and not “if ” the United States will suffer from another major act of terrorism, possibly one involving a weapon of mass destruction. North Korea and Iran have made substantial strides in producing nuclear explosive material and, in the case of North Korea, in developing nuclear weapons. Peace in the Middle East between Israelis and Palesti Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328099/CFR-Opportunity-Haass http://www.scribd.com/doc/328098/CFR-Norton Hizballah of Lebanon: Extremist Ideals vs. Mundane Politics Augustus Richard Norton council on foreign relations new york *The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., a nonprofit, nonpartisan national organization and think tank founded in 1921, is dedicated to promoting understanding of international affairs through the free and civil exchange of ideas. The Council’s members are dedicated to the belief that America’s peace and prosperity are firmly linked to that of the world. From this flows the Council’s mission: to foster America’s understanding of other nations—their peoples, cul Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328098/CFR-Norton http://www.scribd.com/doc/328097/CFR-NorthAmerica-TF-esp Creación de una comunidad de América del Norte Declaración de los presidentes del Grupo de Trabajo independiente sobre el futuro de América de Norte Patrocinado por el Council on Foreign Relations en asociación con el Consejo Mexicano de Asuntos Internacionales y el Canadian Council of Chief Executives John P. Manley, Pedro Aspe y William F. Weld Presidentes Thomas P. d’Aquino, Andrés Rozental y Robert A. Pastor Vicepresidentes 1 *Fundado en 1921, el Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) es una organización independiente, de membresía nacional y un centro no partidista para académi Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:23 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328097/CFR-NorthAmerica-TF-esp http://www.scribd.com/doc/328096/CFR-Nonlethal-Tech-Progress Non-Lethal Technologies: Progress and Prospects Council on Foreign Relations October 27, 1999 FOREWORD Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has faced an important strategic question as to whether and how to intervene in civil and ethnic conflicts. Our entire approach to these conflicts-how we think about them and what actions we take-is enormously affected by our capabilities to quell them by diplomatic, economic, and military means. To date, the United States has been trapped between classic diplomatic table-thumping and indiscriminate economic sanctions on the one hand, and majo Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:16 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328096/CFR-Nonlethal-Tech-Progress http://www.scribd.com/doc/328095/CFR-Nonlethal-Tech-Military Non-LethalTechnologies: Military Options and Implications Report of an Independent Task Force Council on Foreign Relations 1995 Chairman: Malcolm H. Wiener EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Today we face new challenges to our security and our humanity. To many of these, neither conventional economic sanctions on the one hand nor a Gulf War-type response on the other provide an appropriate answer. The recent examples of Bosnia, Somalia, Haiti, and Rwanda, as well as the threat of state-supported terrorism, show the need for new options and credible deterrents. Scientific and technical advances in non-lethal te Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:10 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328095/CFR-Nonlethal-Tech-Military http://www.scribd.com/doc/328093/CFR-Nelson-Bunkers Nuclear Bunker Busters, Mini-Nukes, and the US Nuclear Stockpile The Bush administration is contemplating a new crop of nuclear weapons that could reduce the threat to civilian populations. However, they're still unlikely to work without producing massive radioactive fallout, and their development might require a return to underground nuclear testing. Robert W. Nelson Congress is currently considering legislation that would authorize the US nuclear weapons laboratories to study new types of nuclear weapons: Earth-penetrating nuclear bunker busters designed to destroy hardened and deeply burie Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:07 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328093/CFR-Nelson-Bunkers http://www.scribd.com/doc/328094/CFR-Nigeria JOINT STATEMENT ON NIGERIA’S RECENT ELECTIONS May 17, 2007 Nigeria’s recent elections were a terrible setback for democracy, marked by widespread rigging, ballot stuffing, fraud, violent thuggery, administrative chaos and critical delays. Brazen and systematic collusion among the ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP), the Independent National Election Commission (INEC), and local security cemented PDP single party dominance. These outcomes have left Nigerians cynical and pessimistic about Nigeria’s democratic prospects, and provoked outrage, widespread calls for reform and disturbing Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:07 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328094/CFR-Nigeria http://www.scribd.com/doc/328092/CFR-NeglectedDefenseCSR Neglected Defense Mobilizing the Private Sector to Support Homeland Security Stephen E. Flynn Daniel B. Prieto CSR NO. 13, MARCH 2006 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States an Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:59:00 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328092/CFR-NeglectedDefenseCSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/328091/CFR-Nasr International Relations of an Islamist Movement: The Case of the Jama’at-i Islami of Pakistan Vali Nasr council on foreign relations new york *The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., a nonprofit, nonpartisan national organization and think tank founded in 1921, is dedicated to promoting understanding of international affairs through the free and civil exchange of ideas. The Council’s members are dedicated to the belief that America’s peace and prosperity are firmly linked to that of the world. From this flows the Council’s mission: to foster America’s understanding of other nation Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:50 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328091/CFR-Nasr http://www.scribd.com/doc/328090/CFR-monopolyanddevil International Finance 8:1, 2005: pp. 139–149 COMMENTARY Playing Monopoly with the Devil Manuel Hindsn This is the tale of what happened to Dema Gogo, ruler of a poor country in an underdeveloped area of the world, when he discovered that he could issue his own currency. The tale starts with a conversation he had with the Devil himself, the day after his inauguration as President of the Republic. Drinking a glass of cognac and smoking a Cuban cigar on the veranda of the Presidential Palace, enjoying the sight of the luscious tropical plants that grew in the garden one floor below, he was p Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:40 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328090/CFR-monopolyanddevil http://www.scribd.com/doc/328089/CFR-Middle-East-Policy U.S. Middle East Policy and the Peace Process Henry Siegman Senior Fellow and Director, U.S./Middle East Project CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations Introduction The End of Incrementalism Defining American Interests in the Middle East U.S. Priorities in the Peace Process The Syrian-Israeli Track The Need for a Bold Initiative: A New Declaration of Principles Refugees The Palestinian Economy The Role of Allies in the Peace Process Preparing for a Middle East at Peace Members of the Task Force Dissenting Views Additional Views ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:36 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328089/CFR-Middle-East-Policy http://www.scribd.com/doc/328088/CFR-MENA1 Harnessing Trade for Development and Growth in the Middle East Report by the Council on Foreign Relations Study Group on Middle East Trade Options Peter Sutherland, Chair Henry Siegman, Project Director Bernard Hoekman and Patrick Messerlin, Co-authors *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is a nonpartisan membership organization, research center, and publisher. It is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive discussions and by publishing Foreign Af Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:32 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328088/CFR-MENA1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328087/CFR-Mead-FinMiddleClass-Paper A Financial Architecture for Middle-ClassOriented Development A Report of the Project on Development, Trade, and International Finance Walter Russell Mead and Sherle R. Schwenninger A Council on Foreign Relations Paper *The Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., a nonprofit, nonpartisan national organization founded in 1921, is dedicated to promoting understanding of international affairs through the free and civil exchange of ideas. The Council’s members are dedicated to the belief that America’s peace and prosperity are firmly linked to that of the world. From this flows the mission of t Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:23 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328087/CFR-Mead-FinMiddleClass-Paper http://www.scribd.com/doc/328086/CFR-Mark-Twain-Wall-St Mark Twain on the Wall Street Research Settlement Securities Industry News August 25, 2003 Benn Steil Council on Foreign Relations Over the past year, our government has made great efforts to ensure the safety and prosperity of American citizens through the elimination of WMD. Weapons of Mass Delusion, disguised in the form of “research,” were apparently employed by investment banks in an effort to persuade Americans to buy ever more stock of companies with infinite P/E ratios. Although most of these ratios are still infinite, the Ps are now a lot closer to the Es. The chief weapons inspe Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:11 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328086/CFR-Mark-Twain-Wall-St http://www.scribd.com/doc/328085/CFR-MandelbaumDiasporas Introduction MICHAEL MANDELBAUM I 1948, looking back 100 years, the distinguished historian Lewis Namier wrote, “The year 1848 marks, for good or evil, the opening of the era of linguistic nationalisms shaping mass personalities and producing their inevitable conflicts.” He went on to describe the nature of those conflicts: N a nation which bases its unity on language cannot easily renounce groups of co-nationals intermingled with those of the neighboring nation; and an alien minority within the State, or an intensely coveted terra irredenta, are both likely to distort the life of the Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:10 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328085/CFR-MandelbaumDiasporas http://www.scribd.com/doc/328084/CFR-Make-It-Or-Break-It MAKE IT OR BREAK IT The weapons labs built the Bomb. Now they’re tasked with finding ways to get rid of it. Trouble is, old habits die hard. By Charles D. Ferguson & Lisa Obrentz Charles D. Ferguson, who worked at Los Alamos National Laboratory during the summers of 1986 and 1987, is a fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR); Lisa Obrentz is a CFR research associate in the science and technology program. The authors thank the Ploughshares Fund for supporting the researching and writing of this article. ALL PHOTOS: CORBIS/JIM SUGAR n August 1945, nuclear weapon scientists became her Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:58:06 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328084/CFR-Make-It-Or-Break-It http://www.scribd.com/doc/328083/CFR-Kupchan-02082005 The Travails of Union: The American Experience and its Implications for Europe 103 The Travails of Union: The American Experience and its Implications for Europe Charles A. Kupchan ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Europe’s ongoing process of integration has entered an uncertain and tentative Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:49 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328083/CFR-Kupchan-02082005 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328082/CFR-Kupchan-in-Corrierre-Della-Sera 50 # CORRIERE DELLA SERA U VENERDÌ 20 APRILE 2007 OPINIONI VISTI DA LONTANO di MASSIMO GAGGI FRANCIA, AMERICA, EUROPA a competizione tra i due principali candidati nelle presidenziali francesi si arroventa. L’elettorato è al tempo stesso diviso e indeciso, insicuro se volgersi a destra o a sinistra, nella duplice sfida di immigrazione e globalizzazione. Profonde spaccature politiche non sono certo una caratteristica francese; in Europa (e negli Usa), le tensioni innescate dai flussi migratori e dalla perdita dei posti di lavoro in seguito alla globalizzazione danno vita a società Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:45 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328082/CFR-Kupchan-in-Corrierre-Della-Sera http://www.scribd.com/doc/328081/CFR-Kosovo-Future-Status Order Code RS21721 Updated January 9, 2006 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Kosovo’s Future Status and U.S. Policy Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary The future status of Kosovo is perhaps the most sensitive and potentially destabilizing political question in the Balkans. The Administration views “getting Kosovo right” as key to integrating the Balkans into Euro-Atlantic institutions. This report discusses the issue of Kosovo’s future status; that is, whether it should become an independent country, Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328081/CFR-Kosovo-Future-Status http://www.scribd.com/doc/328080/CFR-Joint-press-release-September-2006 26 September 2006 PRESS RELEASE Joint Palestinian-Israeli Public Opinion Poll* IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE WAR IN LEBANON, PALESTINIAN SUPPORT FOR HAMAS UNCHANGED WITH GREATER PRGAMATISM AMONG ISRAELIS REGARDING NEGOTIATIONS These are the results of the most recent poll conducted September 10-19 jointly by the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research in Ramallah The joint poll examined Israelis’ and Palestinians’ attitudes on the conflict in the aftermath of the second war in Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:39 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328080/CFR-Joint-press-release-September-2006 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328078/CFR-iraqcurrencyregime 1 Should Iraq dollarize, adopt a currency board or let its currency float? A policy analysis1 Nouriel Roubini Stern School of Business New York University and Brad Setser Council on Foreign Relations May 15, 2003 1 The authors’ emails are: nroubini@stern.nyu.edu and bsetser@cfr.org. *2 The United States is reportedly shipping large quantities of small denomination dollar bills to Iraq. It needs to pay Iraq’s civil servants, and small denomination bills are necessary in a country where monthly salaries are often well under $50. Iraqi civil servants are soon to receive an interim payment Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:36 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328078/CFR-iraqcurrencyregime http://www.scribd.com/doc/328077/CFR-Iraq-DayAfter-TF COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS IRAQ: THE DAY AFTER REPORT OF AN INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE SPONSORED BY THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS THOMAS R. PICKERING AND JAMES R. SCHLESINGER, CO-CHAIRS ERIC P. SCHWARTZ, PROJECT DIRECTOR *75113T_00i-062 4/16/03 5:12 PM Page i Iraq: The Day After Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations Thomas R. Pickering and James R. Schlesinger, Co-Chairs Eric P. Schwartz, Project Director *75113T_00i-062 4/16/03 5:12 PM Page ii The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:33 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328077/CFR-Iraq-DayAfter-TF http://www.scribd.com/doc/328076/CFR-Iraq-CSR Power-Sharing in Iraq DAVID L. PHILLIPS CSR NO. 6, APRIL 2005 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governments. The Council does this by convening meeti Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:17 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328076/CFR-Iraq-CSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/328075/CFR-irans-nuclear-program Assessment of Iran’s Nuclear Program Press Event Tuesday, September 14, 2004 Dr. Charles D. Ferguson Science and Technology Fellow *Capsule History • Iranian nuclear program dates back at least to 1957 – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi signed a nuclear cooperation agreement with the U.S. The Shah wanted self-sufficiency  complete nuclear fuel cycle • 1979 Islamic revolution to early 1980s: nuclear hiatus • Mid-1980s to present: revitalized nuclear program (e.g., 1985: start of centrifuge program) *Dual-Use Dilemma • Two routes to making a nuclear bomb or civilian nuclear fuel: e Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:03 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328075/CFR-irans-nuclear-program http://www.scribd.com/doc/328074/CFR-Iran-TF Iran: Time for a New Approach Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations Zbigniew Brzezinski and Robert M. Gates, Co-Chairs Suzanne Maloney, Project Director *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy ch Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:57:00 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328074/CFR-Iran-TF http://www.scribd.com/doc/328071/CFR-Iran-Resources IRAN RESOURCES NEWS Al-jazeera BBC Iran Press Service Islamic Republic News Agency Middle East Media Research Institute Tehran Times BACKGROUND / HISTORY International Crisis Group Iran Virtual Library Library of Congress US Department of State United Nations IRAN: foreign policy, governmental sources Constitution of Iran Permanent Mission of Iran to the UN Presidency of Iran Interests Section, Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs Governmental bodies, ministries Washington DC office Foreign policy statements, official stances, issues English-language version Middle East news Ne Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:55:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328071/CFR-Iran-Resources http://www.scribd.com/doc/328070/CFR-Iran-Diplomacy-Samore www.iiss.org/stratcom Iran’s nuclear programme Can diplomacy succeed? President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announcing on Monday 9 April that Iran had achieved a ‘commercial-scale’ enrichment capacity at Natanz. Photo © AP Editor: Alexander Nicoll; Assistant Editor: Jessica Delaney What are the prospects for a diplomatic resolution of the Iranian nuclear issue? The answer is shaping up as a contest of wills. On the one hand, the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC – China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) have agreed gradually to inc Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:55:45 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328070/CFR-Iran-Diplomacy-Samore http://www.scribd.com/doc/328068/CFR-IndiaSouthasia New Priorities in South Asia: U.S. Policy Toward India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan **New Priorities in South Asia: U.S. Policy Toward India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan Chairmen’s Report of an Independent Task Force Cosponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations and the Asia Society Frank G. Wisner II, Nicholas Platt, and Marshall M. Bouton, Co-Chairs Dennis Kux and Mahnaz Ispahani, Project Co-Directors *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:54:43 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328068/CFR-IndiaSouthasia http://www.scribd.com/doc/328066/CFR-ChineseTFNewsRelease News Release COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 58 EAST 68TH STREET • NEW YORK • NEW YORK 10021 Tel 212 434 9888 Fax 212 434 9832 Website www.cfr.org 对外关系理事会新出炉的报告称应 肯定态度 肯定态度”接纳中国 对外关系理事会新出炉的报告称应以“肯定态度 接纳中国 新出炉的报告称 反对遏制其谋求大国地位的趋 反对遏制其谋求大国地位的趋向 联系人： Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:54:20 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328066/CFR-ChineseTFNewsRelease http://www.scribd.com/doc/328065/CFR-ChinaTF-Chinese 美中关系： 积极的议程、负责的道路 **美中关系： 积极的议程、负责的道路 独立工作组报告 对外关系理事会赞助 **对外关系理事会成立于 1921 年，是一个独立的、会员制的全国性组织。它属于非 党派的研究中心，是学者专心研究和传播思想的园地，其宗旨是让在美国及其它国 家的个人或企业机构、决策者、新闻从业人员、学生和有兴趣的人士更好地了解这 个世界，了解美国和其它政府所面对的外交政策抉择。为了达到这个目标，本理事 会召集 Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:54:14 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328065/CFR-ChinaTF-Chinese http://www.scribd.com/doc/328064/CFR-ChinaTaskForce U.S.-China Relations: An Affirmative Agenda, A Responsible Course **U.S.-China Relations: An Affirmative Agenda, A Responsible Course Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and t Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:53:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328064/CFR-ChinaTaskForce http://www.scribd.com/doc/328062/CFR-Hinds-Prologue-and-Intro Playing Monopoly with the Devil **Playing Monopoly with the Devil Dollarization and Domestic Currencies in Developing Countries Manuel Hinds A Council on Foreign Relations Book Yale University Press New Haven and London *A Council on Foreign Relations Book Copyright 2006 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Printed in the U Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:53:23 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328062/CFR-Hinds-Prologue-and-Intro http://www.scribd.com/doc/328061/CFR-Financial-Statecraft-Excerpts COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Financial Statecraft Excerpts Chapter 1: What is Financial Statecraft? . . . trade is not the only way in which nations interact with each other economically. Although influencing international trade flows has long been and continues to be an important political objective and tool, another form of international economic exchange has risen to a level of much greater macroeconomic significance and political concern over the past two decades. This is the purchase and sale of financial assets—such as bonds, stocks, and derivative contracts—across borders, an activity who Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:53:15 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328061/CFR-Financial-Statecraft-Excerpts http://www.scribd.com/doc/328060/CFR-EnergyTFGraphs National Security Consequences of U.S. Oil Dependency Independent Task Force Report COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS 1 *Figure 1: U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source, 2005 45 40 40 35 30 Quadrillion Btu 25 23 23 20 15 10 8 5 3 3 1 0 Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Electric Power Biomass Hydro-electric Power Geothermal, Solar, Wind Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2005. COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS 2 *Figure 2: U.S. Consumption, Production, and Imports of Oil, 1949–2005 25 20 Consumption Million Barrels per Day 15 Production 10 5 Net Imports 0 1949 19 Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:53:11 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328060/CFR-EnergyTFGraphs http://www.scribd.com/doc/328059/CFR-EnergyTF-Update **STRATEGIC ENERGY POLICY UPDATE Update by the Chair and Project Director of an Independent Task Force on Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges for the 21st Century Edward L. Morse, Chair Amy Myers Jaffe, Project Director *The mission of the Baker Institute is to help bridge the gap between the theory and practice of public policy by drawing together experts from academia, government, the media, business, and nongovernmental organizations. By involving both policymakers and scholars, the Institute seeks to improve the debate on selected public policy issues and to make a difference in the for Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:52:54 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328059/CFR-EnergyTF-Update http://www.scribd.com/doc/328057/CFR-Energy-TaskForce AGS COVER-R2 5/2/01 11:35 AM Page 1 TA S K F O R C E R E P O R T strategic energy policy challenges for the 21st Century strategic energy policy challenges for the 21st century REPORT OF AN INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE COSPONSORED BY JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY AND THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS For many decades the United States has been able to avoid adopting a comprehensive energy security policy. Today, however, the United States faces the prospect of unprecedented energy price volatility and recurrent shortages of electricity and other energy suppl Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:52:26 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328057/CFR-Energy-TaskForce http://www.scribd.com/doc/328056/CFR-Edge-of-Disaster-excerpt EXCERPT : THE EDGE OF DISASTER Chapter 1 A BRITTLE NATION The United States has become a brittle superpower. We are the world’s economic and cultural 900-pound gorilla and spend more on our military muscle than the rest of the world combined. Yet we increasingly behave like the occupants of a grand old mansion who have given up on investing in its upkeep. We depend on complex infrastructure built by the hard labor, capital, and ingenuity of our forbears, but we seem oblivious to the fact that it is aging—and not very gracefully. Bridges are outfitted with the civil engineering equivalent o Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:52:01 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328056/CFR-Edge-of-Disaster-excerpt http://www.scribd.com/doc/328055/CFR-Duberstein-TradeTF CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgments Task Force Report Findings and Recommendations Conclusion Members and Observer of the Task Force 2 4 5 11 17 18 *FOREWORD Lifting trade barriers between the United States and other nations has become one of the more polarizing issues of our time. For every labor or environmental leader opposed to free-trade agreements on the basis of social justice, an economist or policy practitioner holds that the expansion of free trade has helped to fuel one of the strongest and most demographically inclusive booms in U.S. history. This Independent Task Force on Trade E Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:52:00 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328055/CFR-Duberstein-TradeTF http://www.scribd.com/doc/328053/CFR-DemTrade-TF DEMOCRATIZING U.S.TRADE POLICY Bruce Stokes Pat Choate A Council on Foreign Relations Paper *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is a nonpartisan membership organization, research center, and publisher. It is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive discussions and by publishing Foreign Affairs, the leading journal on global issues. The Council is host to the widest possible range of views, but an advocate of none, though its research fellows and I Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:51:58 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328053/CFR-DemTrade-TF http://www.scribd.com/doc/328051/CFR-DarfurCSR22 Darfur and Beyond What Is Needed to Prevent Mass Atrocities Lee Feinstein CSR NO. 22, JANUARY 2007 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governments. The Council do Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:51:46 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328051/CFR-DarfurCSR22 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328050/CFR-Darfur-and-Beyond-Teaching-Notes Council Special Report Darfur and Beyond: What Is Needed to Prevent Mass Atrocities Teaching Notes By Lee Feinstein Former Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy and International Law, Council on Foreign Relations; Author, Darfur and Beyond: What Is Needed to Prevent Mass Atrocities The Council Special Report, Darfur and Beyond: What Is Needed to Prevent Mass Atrocities, is suitable for general courses on U.S. foreign policy or international affairs and specialized courses in international law, humanitarian intervention, or contemporary issues in U.S. foreign policy. This report addresses the Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:51:35 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328050/CFR-Darfur-and-Beyond-Teaching-Notes http://www.scribd.com/doc/328049/CFR-Current-History “People interested in Africa’s future ought to concern themselves not just with potential conflict, but also potential political change. Youth populations are at the heart of these possibilities.” Africa’s Restless Youth Michelle Gavin S canning the horizon for insight as to what will influence the future of sub-Saharan Africa, one can immediately point to several broad baskets of important indicators. Obviously contributing to the picture are economic growth (or the lack thereof), insecure borders, increasing resource scarcity, the hiv/ Global Youth aids pandemic, and the balance o Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:51:34 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328049/CFR-Current-History http://www.scribd.com/doc/328048/CFR-Cuba-TaskForce TA S K F O R C E R E P O R T U.S.-CUBAN RELATIONS IN THE ST 21 CENTURY: A FOLLOW-ON REPORT REPORT OF AN INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE SPONSORED BY THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BERNARD W. ARONSON AND WILLIAM D. ROGERS, CO-CHAIRS JULIA SWEIG AND WALTER MEAD, PROJECT DIRECTORS *U.S.-Cuban Relations in the 21st Century: A Follow-on Report **U.S.-Cuban Relations in the 21st Century A Follow-on Chairman’s Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations Bernard W. Aronson and William D. Rogers, Co-Chairs Julia Sweig and Walter Mead, Project Directors *The Council Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:51:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328048/CFR-Cuba-TaskForce http://www.scribd.com/doc/328046/CFR-CSR-Bolivia-Spanish CENTRO PARA LA ACCIÓN PREVENTIVA Bolivia en el borde Eduardo A. Gamarra CSR NO. 24, FEBRERO 2007 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Fundado en 1921, el Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) es una organización independiente, de membresía nacional y un centro no partidista para académicos dedicados a producir y difundir ideas de forma que los miembros individuales y corporativos, así como los responsables políticos, los periodistas, los estudiantes y los ciudadanos interesados en Estados Unidos y otros países puedan entender mejor el mundo y las opciones de política exterior que se plantean Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:51:09 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328046/CFR-CSR-Bolivia-Spanish http://www.scribd.com/doc/328045/CFR-cpaappend3-83 THE COUNCIL TAKES NO INSTITUTIONAL POSITION ON POLICY ISSUES AND HAS NO AFFILIATION WITH THE U.S. GOVERNMENT. ALL STATEMENTS OF FACT AND EXPRESSIONS OF OPINION CONTAINED IN ALL ITS PUBLICATIONS ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHOR OR AUTHORS. The following is an appendix to Cases and Strategies for Preventive Action, edited by Barnett R. Rubin, The Century Foundation Press (1998). The book was sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations and The Twentieth Century Fund. Appendix C Selected Bibliography This is only a sample of the available literature on the topics specified below. CONF Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:50:59 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328045/CFR-cpaappend3-83 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328044/CFR-CORR-winter-200203 An International Review of Culture & Society A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L P R O J E C T O F T H E C O M M I T T E E O N I N T E L L E C T U A L C O R R E S P O N D E N C E Issue No. 10 Published by the Council on Foreign Relations Winter 2002/2003 SHIFTING IDENTITIES The Changing Nature of CITIZENSHIP ARRANGED MARRIAGE and ISLAMIC DIVORCE CLONING, PARENTHOOD, WAR GAMES and VIDEO GAMES ARAB NEWSPAPERS and ISRAELI WEBSITES REFORMING RUSSIAN and TALKING BACKWARDS in FRENCH HAIR DYEING, WORLD SOCCER, and LEGAL REFORM in JAPAN GROWING INEQUALITY: Reports from Africa, China, Japan, and India SPE Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:50:57 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328044/CFR-CORR-winter-200203 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328041/CFR-CFR-WQTGIran2004 Ray Takeyh and Nikolas K. Gvosdev Pragmatism in the Midst of Iranian Turmoil geopolitical challenges posed by Iran—its nuclear aspirations, its unsavory terrorist alliances, and its strategic significance for the stabilization of the Persian Gulf—have kept the future direction of the Islamic Republic high on the United States’ national security agenda. The results of Iran’s recent parliamentary elections have cast a dash of cold water on those who assumed that an ongoing process of internal liberalization would realign Iranian foreign policy. The most implacable opponents of any rapp Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:49:17 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328041/CFR-CFR-WQTGIran2004 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328032/CFR-CORR-springsummer-2000 Correspondence An International Review of Culture and Society Issue No. 6 Spring/Summer 2000 An International Project of the Committee on Intellectual Correspondence Published by the Counci l on Foreign Relations The Double Bind of the World Press n 1793, while hiding in a Parisian garret from Robespierre’s police, the eminent French mathematician and Enlightenment philosopher the Marquis de Condorcet wrote the remarkable Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progrès de l’esprit humain. In that sketch, Condorcet, who had invented a calculus of probabilities that underwrote the principle Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:44:51 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328032/CFR-CORR-springsummer-2000 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328030/CFR-CORR-springsummer-1999 Correspondence An International Review of Culture and Society Spring/Summer 1999 Issue No. 4 An Inte rnational Project sponsore d by the Suntory Foundation (Japan), the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences History Revised othing stimulates the writing of history more than the end of history. This is one conclusion that might be drawn from the geyser of fresh historical work that has burst forth over the past decade. The books that have received the most attention in recent years are devoted to revivifying “public memory,” as it is now called. Among t Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:44:17 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328030/CFR-CORR-springsummer-1999 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328028/CFR-CORR-springsummer-1998 NEWSLETTER Committee on Intellectual Correspondence Issue No. 2 Spring/Summer 1998 An International Project sponsored by the Suntory Foundation (Japan), the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Arts Policy in a Democracy n 1965 the United States Congress established the National Endowment for the Arts as an independent agency of the federal government whose mission was declared: To foster the excellence, diversity and vitality of the arts in the United States and to broaden public access to the arts. The initiative was part of Lyndon Johnson’s Great So Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:43:45 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328028/CFR-CORR-springsummer-1998 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328026/CFR-CORR-fallwinter-199798 NEWSLETTER Committee on Intellectual Correspondence Issue No. 1 Fall/Winter 1997-1998 An International Project sponsored by the Suntory Foundation (Japan), the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Who We Are—What We Hope For here is a paradox in the international cultural world today. Architecture is visible everywhere; Sir Norman Foster is rebuilding the Reichstag in Berlin; I. M. Pei is designing a glass-and-limestone museum built into a mountain, the Miho Museum, in Shiga, Japan, near Kyoto; Frank Gehry has created a postmodern museum in Bilbao, Spa Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:43:11 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328026/CFR-CORR-fallwinter-199798 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328025/CFR-CorpGov-paper Textpages-R1 7/10/02 3:04 PM Page i How Shareholder Reforms Can Pay Foreign Policy Dividends James Shinn Peter Gourevitch *Textpages-R1 7/10/02 3:04 PM Page ii Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is a nonpartisan membership organization, research center, and publisher. It is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this mainly by promoting constructive discussions and by publishing Foreign Affairs, the leading journal on global issues. The Council is host to the widest possible Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:42:53 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328025/CFR-CorpGov-paper http://www.scribd.com/doc/328023/CFR-Continuing-The-Inquiry **Continuing the Inquiry *“Nothing is possible without men; nothing is lasting without institutions.” Jean Monnet Memoirs (1978) *Continuing the Inquiry The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996 Peter Grose A Council on Foreign Relations Book *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countri Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:42:41 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328023/CFR-Continuing-The-Inquiry http://www.scribd.com/doc/328019/CFR-Bronson-Recon-ME Reconstructing the Middle East? Reconstructing the Middle East? RACHEL BRONSON Director of Middle East Studies Council on Foreign Relations THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION HAS EMBARKED on one of the most ambitious political agendas of any modern Presidency. President Bush, who came to power arguing against nation-building, ironically, if predictably, finds himself enmeshed in a breathtakingly bold nation-building campaign. Over the past year the administration has argued for the establishment of a transparent democratic political system in Palestine, built roads and set up schools in Afghanistan, and Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:48 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328019/CFR-Bronson-Recon-ME http://www.scribd.com/doc/328018/CFR-Border-Control-intro GLOBALIZATION AND THE FUTURE OF BORDER CONTROL by Stephen E. Flynn, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, National Security Studies Council on Foreign Relations The post-Cold War momentum towards open economies, open technologies, and open societies1 have accentuated an important new reality-that despite the prerogatives of sovereignty, the capacity nations possess to control the movement of people and goods is eroding. Stated succinctly, the traditional tools for policing transborder flows are no match for: (1) modern transportation and logistics systems, and (2) the market imperatives for facilitating trade Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:45 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328018/CFR-Border-Control-intro http://www.scribd.com/doc/328017/CFR-Bipartisan-CSR Both Sides of the Aisle A Call for Bipartisan Foreign Policy Nancy E. Roman CSR NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2005 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other governments. The Council Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:44 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328017/CFR-Bipartisan-CSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/328015/CFR-Biddle-Testimony-072507 Evaluating Options for Partial Withdrawals of US Forces from Iraq Statement by Dr. Stephen Biddle Senior Fellow for Defense Policy Council on Foreign Relations Before the Committee on Armed Services Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee United States House of Representatives First Session, 110th Congress July 25, 2007 Public support for the President’s surge policy in Iraq is at a very low ebb. Yet many Americans remain reluctant to withdraw from Iraq altogether. The result has been growing interest in a variety of compromise proposals that would reduce US troop levels but stop short of Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:21 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328015/CFR-Biddle-Testimony-072507 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328014/CFR-BH-sect4 IV Our Role: What the United States Can Do If Africa is of growing importance to the United States, then treating Africa as a focus of foreign policy concern is essential. The tendency in the past to treat Africa primarily as a region of ‘‘humanitarian’’ concern masks the other significant American interests in Africa, throwing them into the shadows or addressing them only fitfully without overall policy direction. Taking Africa seriously as a region of strategic importance will also in fact improve the ways in which the United States addresses the issues of poverty, disease, and con Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:20 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328014/CFR-BH-sect4 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328013/CFR-BH-sect3 III Next Steps: Ideas for the Present and Future of Africa Africa is not easily generalized. There are fifty-three countries in Africa of different races, religions, cultures, and stages of development. Yet it is also true that sub-Saharan Africa is by and large poor, victim to some of the world’s deadliest diseases, and plagued by a history of poor governance and many devastating conflicts. A number of African countries are moving out of this morass. Ghana is stably democratic, enjoying solid economic growth, has instituted a national health insurance system, and is moving to reduce the e Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:18 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328013/CFR-BH-sect3 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328012/CFR-BH-sect2 II Trouble Spots Conflicts in Africa are sources not only of humanitarian concern. They effect important U.S. security objectives as well as the achievement of international norms of conduct that are vital to America’s moral values. In this section, ‘‘Trouble Spots,’’ we deal with several conflicts that touch on these various interests and the difficulties in addressing them. Zimbabwe is a tragic country. Over the past decade, President Robert Mugabe has steadily destroyed the commercial farming economy of the country, stripped away the protection of law by undermining and intimida Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:15 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328012/CFR-BH-sect2 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328011/CFR-Asmus-Nato-chapter1 Book I the origins On October 3, 1990, tens of thousands of Germans had gathered in front of the Reichstag in Berlin to celebrate the final step in the official unification of Germany. Less than a year earlier, on November 9, 1989, the world had watched with amazement as the Berlin Wall—the symbol of Germany and Europe’s partition—crumbled when East German border guards, confused over their precise orders, had opened the border to allow a gathered crowd of East Germans to cross over to West Berlin. What started out as a trickle soon became a torrent as joyous Germans began to tear do Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:40:13 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328011/CFR-Asmus-Nato-chapter1 http://www.scribd.com/doc/328008/CFR-Andes2020-esp Andes 2020: Una Nueva Estrategia ante los Retos que Enfrentan Colombia y la Región Informe de una Comisión Independiente, patrocinado por el Centro de Acción Preventiva, Council on Foreign Relations Daniel W. Christman and John G. Heimann, Co-Presidentes Julia E. Sweig, Directora del Proyecto 0 *RESUMEN EJECUTIVO Las democracias de la región andina – Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia – se encuentran en peligro. Todos los problemas característicos de otras regiones en desarrollo – incluyendo inestabilidad política, estancamiento económico, crecientes desigualdades Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:39:54 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328008/CFR-Andes2020-esp http://www.scribd.com/doc/328007/CFR-1591S In the Senate of the United States, March 29, 2007. Resolved, That the bill from the House of Representatives (H.R. 1591) entitled ‘‘An Act making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2007, and for other purposes.’’, do pass with the following AMENDMENT: Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: 1 That the following sums are appropriated, out of any 2 money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the 3 fiscal year ending September 30, 2007, and for other pur4 poses, namely: *2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TITLE I GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR SU Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:39:53 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328007/CFR-1591S http://www.scribd.com/doc/328006/CFR-WTO-CSR25 The Bernard and Irene Schwartz Series on American Competitiveness The United States and the WTO Dispute Settlement System Robert Z. Lawrence CSR NO. 25, MARCH 2007 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choic Tue, 25 Sep 2007 23:39:30 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/328006/CFR-WTO-CSR25 http://www.scribd.com/doc/292654/CFR-VenezuelaCSR THE CENTER FOR PREVENTIVE ACTION Living with Hugo U.S. Policy Toward Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela Richard Lapper CSR NO. 20, NOVEMBER 2006 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United State Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:26:44 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292654/CFR-VenezuelaCSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/292653/CFR-Twin-DeficitsTF THE BERNARD AND IRENE SCHWARTZ SERIES ON THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS Getting Serious about the Twin Deficits Menzie D. Chinn CSR NO. 10, SEPTEMBER 2005 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choic Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:26:36 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292653/CFR-Twin-DeficitsTF http://www.scribd.com/doc/292652/CFR-TurkeyCSR Generating Momentum for a New Era in U.S.-Turkey Relations Steven A. Cook Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall CSR NO. 15, JUNE 2006 COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS *Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, national membership organization and a nonpartisan center for scholars dedicated to producing and disseminating ideas so that individual and corporate members, as well as policymakers, journalists, students, and interested citizens in the United States and other countries, can better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other gov Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:26:23 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292652/CFR-TurkeyCSR http://www.scribd.com/doc/292648/CFR-Transatlantic-Relations The Future of Transatlantic Relations Council on Foreign Relations February 1, 1999 Robert D. Blackwill, Counselor In February 1992, European leaders signed the Treaty on European Union at Maastricht, creating the European Union and establishing both a timeline and criteria for the transition to a single European currency. Under the terms of the Treaty, EU Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) would begin at the earliest in January 1997 but not later than January 1999. In December 1995, the EU's Council of Ministers decided in Madrid that January 1, 1999, would be the starting date for the single Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:25:18 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292648/CFR-Transatlantic-Relations http://www.scribd.com/doc/292647/CFR-Terrorist-Financing-TF COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS TERRORIST FINANCING REPORT OF AN INDEPENDENT TASK FORCE SPONSORED BY THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS MAURICE R. GREENBERG, CHAIR WILLIAM F. WECHSLER AND LEE S. WOLOSKY, PROJECT CO-DIRECTORS *Terrorist Financing Report of an Independent Task Force Sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations Maurice R. Greenberg, Chair William F. Wechsler and Lee S. Wolosky, Project Co-Directors *The Council on Foreign Relations is dedicated to increasing America’s understanding of the world and contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council accomplishes this main Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:25:15 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292647/CFR-Terrorist-Financing-TF http://www.scribd.com/doc/292646/CFR-SweigExcerpts 1586483005-FM-Sweig 2/3/06 12:56 PM Page ix INTRODUCTION Are We All Anti-Americans Now? Anti-Americanism, anti-American, anti-Americans: mouthfuls that roll off the tongue with a kind of poetry that just doesn’t have a match in the (as yet) nonexistent “anti-Chinaism,” “antiEUism,” “anti-Russianism.” The syncopated assonance alone makes the words friendly in the mouths of pundits, analysts, and government officials—convenient to describe a seemingly ubiquitous, increasingly visceral phenomenon. Today’s anti-Americanism is a far cry from the eighteenth-, nineteenth-, or Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:25:01 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292646/CFR-SweigExcerpts http://www.scribd.com/doc/292645/CFR-STEIL-bat-3 RÉGLEMENTER LES MARCHÉS FINANCIERS DE DEMAIN RÉGLEMENTER LES MARCHÉS FINANCIERS DE DEMAIN BENN STEIL * E n 1992, Francis Fukuyama publiait son fameux panégyrique sur le caractère historiquement inéluctable de la démocratie de marché : The End of History and the Last Man. En 2004, la Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) et l’Union européenne ont appliqué les idées de Fukuyama aux marchés financiers en proclamant, en quelque sorte, la fin de l’évolution des systèmes de transaction. La proposition « Reg NMS »1 de la SEC est au cœur d’une extension à l’ensemble de Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:24:56 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292645/CFR-STEIL-bat-3 http://www.scribd.com/doc/292644/CFR-Space-Commerce-NationalSecurity Space, Commerce, and National Security Frank G. Klotz Council on Foreign Relations, January 1999 Contents Foreword Acknowledgments Executive Summary The Emerging Debate The Growing Importance of Space The Flag Follows Trade Cold War ASATs and Arms Control Protection and Denial The International Politics of Space The Not-So-Invisible Hand A Space Power Nation Foreword For most of the space age, popular interest in space has focused on the high adventure of manned space flight and the remarkable scientific discoveries achieved by interplanetary spacecraft. The recent drama surrounding Senator Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:24:54 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292644/CFR-Space-Commerce-NationalSecurity http://www.scribd.com/doc/292643/CFR-somaliareport07 Order Code RL33911 Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace March 12, 2007 Ted Dagne Specialist in International Relations Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division *Somalia: Current Conditions and Prospects for a Lasting Peace Summary In October 2002, the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) launched a peace process designed to end factional fighting in Somalia, led by the government of Kenya under the leadership of Ambassador Bethuel Kiplagat. In September 2003, the parties agreed on a Transitional National Charter, which paved the way for a Transit Sat, 15 Sep 2007 00:24:44 GMT http://www.scribd.com/doc/292643/CFR-somaliareport07