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>Solaris™ 10
How To Guides
Joost Pronk van Hoogeveen & Paul Steeves, Solaris Software
CONSOLIDATING SERVERS and APPLICATIONS
WITH SOLARIS
TM
CONTAINERS
 
Contents
Solaris™ Containers: OverviewPage 1 > 2
Solaris ZonesPage 1Dynamic Resource PoolsPage 1Fair Share Scheduler Page 1 > 2Two Types of ZonesPage 2
Solaris™ Containers: An Example Page 2 > 13
Creating a New Resource PoolPage 2 > 6Creating the Email Zone on the New Resource PoolPage 6 > 9
ConfigurationPage 6 > 7 InstallationPage 7 Virtual Platform ManagementPage 8  Zone LoginPage 8 > 9
Enabling the Fair Share Scheduling on the Web Server Resource PoolPage 9Creating the First Web Server ContainerPage 9 > 11Creating the Second Web Server ContainerPage 11 > 13
For More InformationPage 13
About This Solaris How To Guide
This How to Guide instructs users, system administrators, and developers unfamiliar with Solaris 10 OS on how toconsolidate applications onto a single server using Solaris Containers technology. The guide starts with a brief overview of Solaris Containers and follows with an example of using Solaris Containers to consolidate two Web serverapplications and an email server application onto a single server.Users are guided step-by-step through the consolidation process, with code examples and illustrations. After usingthis guide, a user should be able to create Solaris Containers by:• Creating a resource pool• Defining Solaris Zones• Assigning CPU usage with the Fair Share Scheduler (FSS)• Installing and booting a zone• Configuring access to raw devices from the zone
 
Solaris™ Containers: Overview
Solaris™ Containers—Sun's operating system virtualizationtechnique—consists of several technologies that worktogether to foster improved resource management andisolate the environment from the underlying OS. WithSolaris Containers, organizations can determine how toallocate resources among applications and services, andensure they do not interfere with one another.This guide uses an example in which an organization wantsto consolidate three applications—an email serverapplication and two Web servers—onto a single server withfour CPUs.Figure 1—With server virtualization, applications can besafely consolidated onto a fewer number of servers.
Solaris Zones
As part of the consolidation effort, it is important toevaluate the needs of the applications that will share theconsolidated system. In this example, the email server andWeb server applications need to run in isolatedenvironments that make it appear as if they are running onphysically separate machines. This is made possible by aSolaris Container technology called
Solaris Zones 
, whichprovides separate environments on a machine and logicallyisolates applications from one another. Each applicationreceives a dedicated namespace in which to run, andcannot see, monitor, or affect applications running inanother zone. See Figure 2.Figure 2—All three applications have their own SolarisZone.
Dynamic Resource Pools
In this example there are two types of applications, onethat needs a fully dedicated CPU—an email server, andanother that is more flexible and can share CPUs—the twoWeb servers. To accomplish these different levels of isolation we use a Solaris Container technology called
Dynamic Resource Pools 
that enables CPU resources to bededicated to specific applications. In this example, theemail server needs a separate resource pool, while the Webservers can share another. As can be seen in Figure 3, wegive one CPU to resource pool 1 and three CPUs to resourcepool 2.Figure 3—The email server has resource pool 1, and theWeb servers are sharing resource pool 2.
Fair Share Scheduler
While the two Web servers are capable of sharing theremaining CPUs on the system, they each need a minimumguarantee of CPU resources that will be available to them.This is made possible by another Solaris Containertechnology called the
Fair Share Scheduler 
(FSS). Thissoftware enables CPU resources to be allocatedproportionally to applications. That is, each applicationgets assigned a number of the available “shares” of thetotal CPU. See Figure 4.Figure 4—Of the five available shares, Web server 1 getsthree, and Web server 2 gets two.
Email ApplicationWeb Server 1Web Server 2Email ApplicationWeb Server 1Web Server 2
Zone 2Web Server 1Zone 3Web Server 2Zone 1Email Application
Web Server 1Web Server 2Email ApplicationResource Pool 1(1 CPU)Resource Pool 2(3 CPUs)
Resource Pool 1(1 CPU)Resource Pool 2(3 CPUs and Fair Share Scheduler)Web Server 1Web Server 2Email Application32Numberof Shares
Consolidating Applications with Solaris Containers
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