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William Edwards Henderson - An Elementary Study of Chemistry
William Edwards Henderson - An Elementary Study of Chemistry
From Solyaris
Acids, Bases and Salts
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
□ Describe the reactions of acids with metals, bases, alkalis, carbonates.□ Describe the reactions of bases with acids and of soluble bases (alkalis)with ammonium salts.□ State the ions present in aqueous solutions of acids and alkalis.□ Explain what happens in neutralization.□ State the effect of acids and alkalis on indicators, including UniversalIndicator.□ Describe and explain the importance of controlling the pH of soil.□ Classify oxides as either acidic, basic or amphoteric related tometallic/non-metallic character.□ Describe the preparation, separation and purification of salts usingfiltration and crystallization, for:- acids with metals- acids with insoluble bases (eg metal oxides)- acids with insoluble carbonates□ Describe the preparation of a salt by a titration method.□ Suggest a method of preparing a given salt from suitable startingmaterials.□ Know which common salts are soluble and which are insoluble.
Please tick in the box if you can do any of the above.
1
Acids
The table below shows the names of some common acids, theirformulae and the ions they produce in aqueous solution.
⇒
Complete the table below.
Many naturally occurring acids, such as citric acid found in oranges,are sometimes known as organic acids.
Definition of acid:
A substance which produces hydrogen ions, H
+
,when it is dissolved in water.
All acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds that containhydrogen are acids. For example, both ammonia, (NH
3
) and methane(CH
4
) contain hydrogen, but they are not acids because they do notproduce hydrogen ions in water.
Properties of acids
1.
Acids have asourtaste.2.Acids dissolve in water to form solutions which conduct electricity.
3.
Acids turnbluelitmus paperred.
4.Acids react with metals
Most dilute acids react with metals to produce a salt and ahydrogen gas.
The general equation for the reaction is:Metal + Acid
Salt + Hydrogen
2
For example, when magnesium ribbon is added to dilute sulphuricacid, bubbles of hydrogen gas can be seen. The equation for thisreaction is:Magnesium + dilute sulphuric acid
magnesium sulphate + hydrogen Mg(s) + H
2
SO
4
(aq)
MgSO
4
(aq) + H
2
(g)
⇒
What is the salt produced in the above reaction?MgSO
4
(aq)
⇒
What do you call the salts formed from the following acids:Sulphuric acid,sulphatesNitric acid,nitratesHydrochloric acid?Chlorides
•
If a lighted splint is placed at the mouthof the test tube, what will you observed?A ‘pop’ sound will be heard.
•
What does this observation tell you? Hydrogen is confirmed produce.
Quick Questions:
⇒
Complete the word equations and then write a balanced chemicalequation for each.a) hydrochloric acid + zinc metal
_______________________________________________________ b) sulphuric acid + magnesium metal
_______________________________________________________ c) nitric acid + lithium metal
_______________________________________________________ d) hydrochloric acid + magnesium metal
_______________________________________________________ e) phosphoric acid + aluminium metal
_______________________________________________________ 5. Acids react with carbonates
3
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Acids, Bases, Salts Teach
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| Rating: | (6 Ratings) |
| Upload Date: | 01/12/2009 |
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good one for kids
naax80@hotmail.com
Can you please make this downloadable? Thanks
good note~