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REVERSIBLE REACTIONS 
By the end of the topic students should be able to:□ Describe the idea that some chemical reactions can be reversed bychanging the reaction conditions.□ Describe the idea that some reversible reactions can reach dynamicequilibrium and predict the effect of changing the conditions.
Please tick in the box if you can do the above,
Prepared by Kartini Ishak 1
 
Reversible Reactions
Most chemical reactions only proceed in one direction. They cannot bereversed. For example, sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloricacid to produce _____________ and _____________.
⇒
Write down the chemical equation for the reaction betweensodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. __________________________________________________ 
The above reaction cannot be reversed. From the chemical equationabove, explain why? ____________________________________________________  ____________________________________________________ 
However, there are some reactions that can be reversed.
EXPERIMENT 1
To prove that the reaction of ammonia gas with hydrogen chloride is areversible reaction.
ProcedurePart 1: All the experimental procedure had to be done in the fumecupboard.
1)
Pour 2 cm
3
of concentrated hydrochloric acid into a crucible.
2)
Using a test tube holder to hold the cotton wool plug, immerse itinto the crucible containing the concentrated acid.3)Put the cotton wool plug near the mouth of the bottle of solutioncontaining concentrated ammonia.4)Record your observation. ____________________________________________________ 
Prepared by Kartini Ishak 2
 
⇒
What is the product formed in the reaction? _______________________________________________________ 
⇒
Write down the chemical equation for the reaction betweenconcentrated ammonia solution and concentrated hydrochloricacid. __________________________________________________ 
ProcedurePart 2:
1)
Place some solid ammonium chloride in a test tube. Push some glasswool into the tube. Clamp the tube vertically as shown in the set-upabove.2)Place pieces of damp red and blue litmus papers at the mouth ofthe test tube.3)Heat the ammonium chloride strongly so that it disappears.4)Record the changes that take place in the pieces of litmus paper. ____________________________________________________ 
⇒
Explain the changes that take place in the pieces of litmuspaper. __________________________________________________  __________________________________________________ 
⇒
Write down the chemical equation for the decomposition ofammonium chloride upon heating. __________________________________________________ 
Prepared by Kartini Ishak 3
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