Speed Of Reaction
By the end of the topic, students should be able to:
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Describe a suitable method for investigating the effectof a given variable (e.g. concentration) on the speed of reaction.
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Interpret the results of a reaction rate experiment (e.g.as graphs or as a table of readings).
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Describe how concentration, pressure, particle size andtemperature affect the rate of a reaction.
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Explain the above four effects in terms of collisionsbetween the reacting particles.
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Describe the features of catalysts (including enzymes).
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Explain the meaning of activation energy and howcatalysed reactions have lower activation energies.
Please tick in the box if you can do any of the above.
Done By Kartini Ishak 1
Speed of Reaction
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Different chemicals reactions take place at differentspeeds.
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Table 1 below gives some other examples of reactionsthat proceed at different speeds.
Very fastModerately fastSlow
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Explosion of petrol-airmixture
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Precipitationreactions
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Reactions of metals orcarbonateswith diluteacids.
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Rusting of ironin air.
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Reaction of magnesiumwith cold water.
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Fermentation(conversion of fruit juice intoalcohol).
Table 1 Different reactions proceed at different speeds.
Measuring the speed of reaction
The speed of a reaction can be found by measuring thesequantities at regular time intervals:a) the mass of the reactant that remainsb) the volume of the products that was produced The method chosen depends upon the reaction beingstudied. It is usual to record the mass or total volume atregular intervals and plot a graph. The readings go on thevertical axis and the time goes on the horizontal axis.
Measuring the speed of reaction from changes inmass
This method works best for reactions which produce gasessuch as carbon dioxide. For example, the speed of reactionbetween calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid can bestudied this way.
EXPERIMENT 1
To study the speed of reaction between calcium carbonateand dilute hydrochloric acid.
Done By Kartini Ishak 2
Figure 1 An experiment to study the speed of reaction by measuring the mass at different timeintervals.
Procedure
1.The apparatus is set up as shown in Figure 1. Thecotton wool in the mouth of the conical flask is usedto prevent acid spray i.e. to stop the acid fromsplashing out as the reaction takes place.2.The mass of the system is recorded. This includes themass of the marble chips (calcium carbonate), dilutehydrochloric acid, conical flask, small test tube, stringand cotton wool.3.3. The conical flask is shaken to mix the marble chipsand acid. The stopwatch is immediately started.4.The mass of the system is recorded at one-minuteintervals.
ResultPlot a graph of mass of system against time from asample set of results from Experiment 1.
Done By Kartini Ishak 3
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5.2 Speed of Reaction
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