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12 - The Periodic Table
Revision notes for preparing O level syllabus of Chemistry 5070
From Hassan Nadeem
3
From prince7890
PERIODIC TRENDSGROUP PROPERTIES TRANSITION ELEMENTS
By the end of the topic students should be able to:
□
Describe how the elements are arranged in the Periodic Table:- in order of proton number;- so that elements with the same number of outermost shellelectrons are put together.
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Describe the change from metal to non-metal across the Periodsfrom left to right.
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Describe the relationship between Group number, number of valency electrons and metallic/non-metallic nature.
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Describe the main physical properties of the Alkali metals, lithiumto potassium.
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Describe the reactions of Group I elements, lithium to potassiumwith cold water.
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Describe the trends in properties of the Group I elements goingdown the Group.
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Predict the properties of other Group I elements from theirpositions in the Group.
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Describe the main physical properties of the Group VII elements,chlorine to iodine.
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Describe the displacement reactions of the Group VII elements,chlorine to iodine.
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Predict the properties of the other VII elements from theirpositions in the Group.
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Describe the main properties of the Transition Elements.
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Predict properties of other elements from their positions in thePeriodic Table.
Please tick in the box if you can do the above.
FEATURES OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
Prepared by Kartini Ishak 1
The Periodic Table is a list of elements arranged in order of theirincreasingproton (atomic) numbers.
The Periodic Table divides the elements intoperiodsandgroups.
Figure 1 showing a simplified Periodic Table.
a) Periods
The Periodic Table consists of 7periods of elements, numbered1
to7.
The periods run horizontally fromlefttoright.
⇒
On the simplified block of the periodic table below, sketchthe positions of Period 1 and Period 3.
b) Groups
The Periodic Table has8groups of elements, numbered from1to
0.
The groups runverticallyfromtoptobottom.
Group 0 is sometimes called GroupVIII.
⇒
On the simplified block of the periodic table below, sketchthe positions of Group I and Group 0.
Prepared by Kartini Ishak 2
c) Transition Elements
The block of metals betweenIIandIIIis known as the transition
elements.
They are so called because they represent the transition frommetals to non-metals as we move from left to right across aperiod.
⇒
On the simplified block of the periodic table below, sketchthe positions of the transition elements.
CHANGES IN ELEMENTS ACROSS A PERIOD (PERIODICTRENDS)
Figure 2 showing the positions of metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table.
The Periodic Table divides the elements into metals and non-metals. The bold line in Figure 2 divides the metals from the non-metals.
Several elements, for example silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge)are located close to bold line. Because of their positions, these
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5.6 Periodic Trends
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