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Virtualization
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1.Introduction
Virtualization is a proven software technology that is rapidly transforming the ITlandscape and fundamentally changing the way that people compute. Today’s powerful x86computer hardware was designed to run a single operating system and a single application.This leaves most machines vastly underutilized. Virtualization lets you run multiple virtualmachines on a single physical machine, sharing the resources of that single computer acrossmultiple environments. Different virtual machines can run different operating systems andmultiple applications on the same physical computer.Virtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments, by applying one or more concepts or technologies suchas hardware and software partitioning, time-sharing, partial or complete machine simulation,emulation, quality of service, and many others.Virtualization is technology for supporting execution of computer program code, fromapplications to entire operating systems, in a software-controlled environment. Such a VirtualMachine (VM) environment abstracts available system resources (memory, storage, CPUcore(s), I/O, etc.) and presents them in a regular fashion, such that “guest” software cannotdistinguish VM-based execution from running on bare physical hardware.
Fig (1): Virtual Machine
Virtualization commonly refers to native virtualization, where the VM platform andthe guest software target the same microprocessor instruction set and comparable systemarchitectures. Virtualization can also involve execution of guest software cross-compiled for a
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Virtualization
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different instruction set or CPU architecture; such emulation or simulation environments helpdevelopers bring up new processors and cross-debug embedded hardware.A virtual machine provides a software environment that allows software to run on bare hardware. This environment is created by a virtual-machine monitor, also known as ahypervisor. A virtual machine is an efficient, isolated duplicate of the real machine. Thehypervisor presents an interface that looks like hardware to the “guest” operating system. Itallows multiple operating system instances to run concurrently on a single computer; it is ameans of separating hardware from a single operating system. it can control the guests’ use of CPU, memory, and storage, even allowing a guest OS to migrate from one machine toanother.It is also a method of partitioning one physical server computer into multiple “virtual”servers, giving each the appearance and capabilities of running on its own dedicated machine.Each virtual server functions as a full-fledged server and can be independently rebooted.
How Does Virtualization Work?
Virtualization platform transform or “virtualize” the hardware resources of an x86- based computer—including the CPU, RAM, hard disk and network controller—to create afully functional virtual machine that can run its own operating system and applications justlike a “real” computer. Each virtual machine contains a complete system, eliminating potential conflicts. Virtualization works by inserting a thin layer of software directly on thecomputer hardware or on a host operating system. This contains a virtual machine monitor or “hypervisor” that allocates hardware resources dynamically and transparently. Multipleoperating systems run concurrently on a single physical computer and share hardwareresources with each other. By encapsulating an entire machine, including CPU, memory,operating system, and network devices, a virtual machine is completely compatible with allstandard x86 operating systems, applications, and device drivers. You can safely run severaloperating systems and applications at the same time on a single computer, with each havingaccess to the resources it needs when it needs them.
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Virtualization
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Virtual Machine
Fig(2): VMware Virtual Machine
A virtual machine is a tightly isolated software container that can run its ownoperating systems and applications as if it were a physical computer. A virtual machine behaves exactly like a physical computer and contains it own virtual (ie, software-based)CPU, RAM hard disk and network interface card (NIC). .An operating system can’t tell the difference between a virtual machine and a physicalmachine, nor can applications or other computers on a network. Even the virtual machinethinks it is a “real” computer. Nevertheless, a virtual machine is composed entirely of software and contains no hardware components whatsoever. As a result, virtual machinesoffer a number of distinct advantages over physical hardware.
Virtual Machines Benefits
Virtual machines possess four key characteristics that benefit the user:
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Compatibility: Virtual machines are compatible with all standard x86 computers
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Isolation: Virtual machines are isolated from each other as if physically separated
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Encapsulation: Virtual machines encapsulate a complete computing environment
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Hardware independence: Virtual machines run independently of underlying hardware
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