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1 Cluster Computing _____________________________________________________________________________  _ 
What are clusters?A cluster is a type of parallel or distributed processingsystem, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone computers co - operatively working together as a single,integrated computing resource.This cluster of computers shares common network characteristics like the same namespace and it is available toother computers on the network as a single resource. Thesecomputers are linked together using high-speed network interfaces between themselves and the actual binding together of the all the individual computers in the cluster is performed bythe operating system and the software used.
 
2 Cluster Computing _____________________________________________________________________________  _ 
 MOTIVATION FOR CLUSTERINGHigh cost of ‘traditional’ High Performance Computing.
Clustering using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) is waycheaper than buying specialized machines for computing.Cluster computing has emerged as a result of the convergence of several trends, including the availability of inexpensive high performance microprocessors and high-speed networks, and thedevelopment of standard software tools for high performancedistributed computing.
Increased need for High Performance Computing
As processing power becomes available, applicationswhich require enormous amount of processing, like weather modeling are becoming more common place requiring the high performance computing provided by ClustersThus the viable alternative to this problem is
 
3 Cluster Computing _____________________________________________________________________________  _ 
“Building Your Own Cluster”, which is what Cluster Computingis all about.
Components of a Cluster
The main components of a cluster are the PersonalComputer and the interconnection network. The computer can be built out of Commercial off the shelf components (COTS)and is available economically.The interconnection network can be either an ATM ring(Asynchronous Transfer Mode), which guarantees a fast andeffective connection, or a Fast Ethernet connection, which iscommonly available now. Gigabit Ethernet which providesspeeds up to 1000Mbps,or Myrinet a commercialinterconnection network with high speed and reduced latencyare viable options.But for high-end scientific clustering, there are a variety of network interface cards designed specifically for clustering.Those include Myricom's Myrinet, Giganet's cLAN and theIEEE 1596 standard Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). Those
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