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O
PTIMAL
F
ILTERING AND
S
PEECH
R
ECOGNITION WITH
M
ICROPHONE
A
RRAYS
ByJohn E. Adcock Sc.B., Computer Science, Brown University, 1989Sc.M., Engineering, Brown University, 1993A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Division of Engineering at Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandMay 2001
This dissertation by John E. Adcock is accepted in its present form by the Division of Engineering assatisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.DateHarvey F. Silverman, Director
Recommended to the Graduate Council
DateMichael S. Brandstein, ReaderDateAllan E. Pearson, Reader
Approved by the Graduate Council
DatePeder J. EstrupDean of the Graduate School and Researchii
c
Copyright 2001 by John E. Adcock
Sections
« prev | next »- INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 Methods for Acquiring Speech With Microphone Arrays
- 1.2 The Scope of This Work
- EVALUATING SPEECH ENHANCEMENT
- 2.1 Listening Scores
- 2.2 Objective Measures
- 2.2.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
- 2.2.2 Segmental Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SSNR)
- 2.2.3 Bark Spectral Distortion (BSD)
- 2.3 Speech Recognition Performance
- 2.3.1 Feature Distortion
- 2.4 Summary
- SPEECH RECOGNITION WITH MICROPHONE ARRAYS
- 3.1 Experimental Database
- 3.1.1 Data Acquisition
- 3.1.2 Beamforming
- 3.1.3 Recognizer Training
- 3.1.4 Signal Measurements
- 3.1.5 Recognition Performance
- 3.2 Noisy Database
- 3.2.1 Signal Measurements and Recognition Performance
- 3.3 Correlation Between Measures
- 3.3.1 Linear Correlation
- 3.3.2 Fit Error
- 3.3.3 Nonlinear Fits
- 3.4 Summary
- TOWARDS ENHANCING DELAY AND SUM BEAMFORMING
- 4.1 Overview of the Delay-and-Sum beamformer
- 4.2 Delay-Weight-and-Sum
- 4.3 Delay-Filter-and-Sum
- 4.3.1 Optimal-SNR Solution
- 4.4 A Reverberant Simulation
- 4.4.1 Methods
- 4.4.2 Results
- OPTIMAL FILTERING
- 5.1 The Single Channel Wiener Filter
- 5.1.1 Additive Uncorrelated Noise
- 5.2 Multi-channel Wiener Filter
- 5.2.1 Additive Uncorrelated Noise
- 5.2.2 Direct Solution
- 5.2.3 Filtered Signal Plus Additive Independent Noise
- 5.2.4 Filtered Signal Plus Semi-Independent Noise Model
- 5.3 A Non-Optimal Filter and Sum Framework
- 5.4 Summary
- SIGNAL SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
- 6.1 Spectral-Subtraction
- 6.2 Cross-Power
- 6.2.1 Computational Considerations
- 6.3 Combining Spectral-Subtraction and Cross-Power
- 6.4 Comparison of Signal Estimate Methods
- 6.5 Summary
- IMPLEMENTATIONS AND ANALYSIS
- 7.1 Optimal-SNR Filter-and-Sum
- 7.1.1 Subjective Observations
- 7.1.2 Objective Performance
- 7.2 Wiener Sum-and-Filter
- 7.2.1 Subjective Observations
- 7.2.2 Objective Performance
- 7.3 Wiener Filter-and-Sum
- 7.3.1 Subjective Evaluation
- 7.3.2 Objective Performance
- 7.4 Multi-Channel Wiener
- 7.4.1 Subjective Evaluation
- 7.4.2 Objective Performance
- 7.5 Summary
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- 8.1 Directions for Further Study
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
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