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ClassificationBiology 102
•
Classification
 –The systematic arrangement in groups or categoriesaccording to established criteria –Organizing the types of shoes in a shoe store or thescrews, bolts, and nails at a hardware store•
Taxonomy
 –The scientific discipline that specializes in classifyingorganisms and assigning them to internationallyaccepted groups –Assign names to organisms using common rules•Binomial nomenclature
 
 
What’s in a name?
•Prior to the creation of binomial nomenclature,organisms were give common names that were notnecessarily internationally accepted or known•Common names led to confusion•
Binomial nomenclature
 –Literally translates to “two-name naming system” –Systematic method of naming an organism –Each organism given two names; written in italics (or underlined) and the first word is always capitalized –Examples:•
Homo sapiens
(abbreviated
H. sapiens
) – humans•
Escherichia coli 
(abbreviated
E. coli 
) – commonbacteria found in mammalian intestines
 
 
Linnaean Classification
•
Carolus Linneaus
 –Father of modern taxonomy –Swedish botanist who lived in the 18
th
Century –Developed the classification system which bears hisname•
System divides life into a series of taxa
 –Taxa is the plural form of taxon –Based on observable characteristics (i.e., length of abone, size/shape of a flower, etc.)•
Divided life into two broad groups
 –Animalia – animals –Plantae - plants
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