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ClassificationBiology 102
Classification
 –The systematic arrangement in groups or categoriesaccording to established criteria –Organizing the types of shoes in a shoe store or thescrews, bolts, and nails at a hardware store
Taxonomy
 –The scientific discipline that specializes in classifyingorganisms and assigning them to internationallyaccepted groups –Assign names to organisms using common rulesBinomial nomenclature
 
 
What’s in a name?
Prior to the creation of binomial nomenclature,organisms were give common names that were notnecessarily internationally accepted or knownCommon names led to confusion
Binomial nomenclature
 –Literally translates to “two-name naming system” –Systematic method of naming an organism –Each organism given two names; written in italics (or underlined) and the first word is always capitalized –Examples:
Homo sapiens
(abbreviated
H. sapiens
) – humans
Escherichia coli 
(abbreviated
E. coli 
) – commonbacteria found in mammalian intestines
 
 
Linnaean Classification
Carolus Linneaus
 –Father of modern taxonomy –Swedish botanist who lived in the 18
th
Century –Developed the classification system which bears hisname
System divides life into a series of taxa
 –Taxa is the plural form of taxon –Based on observable characteristics (i.e., length of abone, size/shape of a flower, etc.)
Divided life into two broad groups
 –Animalia – animals –Plantae - plants
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