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Malaysia, education & tuition:A background guide
This guide is written to help those who are not familiar with Malaysia understand better thearticles posted on this website. Many of the articles assume, on the part of the readers, acomfortable level of knowledge in educational and societal norms of this country. For these andalso other country-specific references found elsewhere on this site, an introduction will behelpful for foreigners. If you are a Malaysian, you might want to skip this guide and go straighton to thecollection of education & tuition articles or go to our main site.Whenever possible,
equivalent popular terms will be provided in the Malay Language (
Bahasa Melayu
,
BahasaMalaysia
) in italicized font.
Malaysia
To begin with, Malaysia is a constitutionalmonarchy consisting of 13 states (
negeri
) and 3 federalterritories (
wilayah persekutuan
). The country isgeographically separated into two regions, WestMalaysia (
Malaysia Barat
) and East Malaysia (
MalaysiaTimur
), by the South China Sea (
Laut China Selatan
).East Malaysia forms part of the Borneo island andconsists of 2 states,SabahandSarawak , and theFederal
Territory of Labuan(
Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan
).West Malaysia, which is also known as Peninsular Malaysia (
Semenanjung Malaysia
) hosts theremaining 11 states, theFederal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
), and theFederal Territory of Putrajaya(
Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya
). The capital(
ibu negara
) of Malaysia is theCity of Kuala Lumpur (
Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur
) - usuallyabbreviated as
KL
; whilePutrajayais referred to as the country's administrative capital. On theother hand,Labuanis a free port and also an offshore financial center. Following lists all thestates and their respective state capitals:
State (
Negeri
) - State Capital (
Ibu Negeri
)
•
Johor (
Johor
JB
(
Johor Baru
)
•
Kedah
) -Alor Star (
Alor Setar
)
•
Kelantan
) -Kota Bharu(
Kota Bharu
)
•
Melaka
Bandaraya Melaka
)
•
Negeri Sembilan
Seremban
)
•
Perlis
) -Kangar (
Kangar
)
•
Pulau Pinang
Georgetown
)
•
Sabah
KK
(
Kota Kinabalu
)
•
Sarawak (
Sarawak
) -Kuching(
Kuching
)
•
Selangor (
Selangor
Shah Alam
)
•
Terengganu
) -Kuala
•
Pahang
) -Kuantan(
Kuantan
)
•
Perak (
Perak
) -Ipoh(
Ipoh
Kuala Terengganu
)The Malaysian people is a multi ethnic society made up of threemajor races; the Malays and the Indigenous Peoples (
Melayu & Bumiputera,
or
Bumiputra
); the Chinese (
Cina
); and the Indians(
India
). By and large, the west coast (
pantai barat
) of Peninsular Malaysia is dominantly populated by the Malays, while the east coast(
pantai timur
) reflect a more heterogenous mixture of ethnicity. Themost extensive co-minglings occur in urban areas like the KlangValley (
Lembah Kelang
, or
Lembah Klang
KL
),Petaling Jaya (
PJ
), Subang Jaya (
SJ
), Cheras, Bangsar, Brickfields, Ampang, Damansara, ShahAlam, Sri Hartamas, Selayang, Kepong, Kelana Jaya, Gombak, Rawang, USJ, Sri Petaling,Puchong, Sunway etc. The national language (
bahasa kebangsaan
) is the Malay Language(
Bahasa Melayu
, or
Bahasa Malaysia
, or
BM
), although English (
Bahasa Inggeris
, or
BI
) isspoken extensively as a second language. Among the various ethnic groups, their mother tongues(
bahasa ibunda
) are also used, such as Mandarin (
Bahasa Mandarin
, or
Bahasa Cina
),Cantonese (
Bahasa Kantonis
), Tamil (
Bahasa Tamil
), Punjabi (
Bahasa Punjabi
) & etc. Thenational currency is the Malaysian Ringgit (
Ringgit Malaysia
, or
RM
).
Kindergarten
Kindergarten or pre-schooling is compulsory for 6-year oldchildren in Malaysia. Pre-school (
pra-sekolah
,
prasekolah
)institutions of this country are often known as
Kurikulum Prasekolah Kebangsaan
). Subjects taught under this curriculum include:
National Preschool Curiculum (
Kurikulum Prasekolah Kebangsaan
•
•
Primary School
At age 7, children begin their formal education (
pendidikan
) in primary schools (
sekolah
rendah
, Primary 6, Standard 6, Year 6). Primaryschools can usually be recognised by the prefixes in their names, suchas
. The multitudes of variations is due to thefact that schools use different ethnic languages as their medium of instruction. However, they allsubscribe to the same national curriculum known as
KBSR
(
Kurikulum Baru Sekolah Rendah / Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah
), or New Curriculum for Primary School / IntegratedCurriculum for Primary School. Using this scheme, primary schooling is separated into Level I(
Tahap I
) and Level II (
Tahap II
). Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 are grouped as Level I; while Year 4,Year 5 and Year 6 are grouped as Level II. The academic subjects (
matapelajaran, mata pelajaran
) taught under
KBSR
are listed below:
Subjects in Level I - Years 1, 2 & 3 (
Subjek dalam Tahap I - Tahun 1, 2 & 3
Subjects in Level II - Years 4, 5 & 6 (
Subjek dalam Tahap II - Tahun 4, 5 & 6
)
•
•
•
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