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Title of the Book:Contemporary Moral Problems Seventh edition by James E. WhiteBook Review Chapter:John Stuart Mill: UtilitarianismQuote:“Happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness pain and theprivation of pleasure” PAGE 34 by John Stuart Mill.What I expect to learn:
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What is the meaning of Utilitarianism?
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What is the theory about Utilitarianism?
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What are the concepts used?Review:John Stuart Mill wrote about the Utilitarianism, about the basic principles, principle of utility, and the hedonistic principle. John Stuart says the theory about objections for theprinciple of utility. His book was about Happiness, unhappiness, pain, pleasure, virtue,and satisfaction. He differentiates it and explains it, what does it mean. John says that“Happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness pain and theprivation of pleasure” PAGE 34, that happiness is the source of human satisfaction andpleasure. That without happiness, pain will fill in our body. He told the “theory of morality is grounded that pleasure freedom from pain is the only things desirable as ends”PAGE 35. John said that a higher being does not want to have a lower level of pleasure,the higher of being the higher pleasure he or she wants while the lower the beings thelower pleasure he or she wants. These only means that lower beings are easy to besatisfied. If I’m not mistaken I also read a part of the book that says that in order for us totell which one the 2 choices are better is by experiencing it both. These means that wemust know first the both choices for us to tell which is better than the two. Lastly Johntalks about virtue. That “virtue is not the only thing, originally means, and which if itwere not remain indifferent, but which by association with what it is means to comes tobe desired for itself, and that too with the utmost intensity” PAGE 39. These means thatwhat is whatever we desire, it there is always a reason behind it.What I learned:I’ve learned that there are higher and lower pleasure that exist. That for me it depends onthe situation which h is better that two. I’ve learned that the principle of utility has beenshown wrong/ reverse. That happiness must be cost by you and affect others as well .
 
 Integrative Question:
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What is Utilitarianism?
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What is the Principle of Utility?
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What is the meaning of Virtue?
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What is the difference between happiness and pain?Review Questions:1.
 
State and explain the Principle of Utility. Show how it could be used to justifyactions that are conventionally viewed as wrong, such as lying and stealing.
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The principle of utility “holds that action as they tend to promotehappiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse happiness” PAGE34. for lying example is literally wrong, lying does not do anything good,even if the person means to not the feelings of others. For me lying cannotbe justified as right.2.
 
How does Mill reply to the objection that Epicureanism is a doctrine worthy onlyof swine?
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Mill does not agree that Epicureanism is worthy for a swine because he sayson the book that “ the comparison of the Epicurean life to that of the beasts isfelt degrading, precisely because a beast’s pleasures d onto satisfy a humanbeing’ conceptions of happiness” PAGE 35.3.
 
How does Mill distinguish between higher and lower pleasure?
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Mill distinguish the higher pleasure and lower pleasure by saying that thehigher pleasure higher being does not want to have a lower level of pleasure,the higher of being the higher pleasure he or she wants while the lower thebeings the lower pleasure he or she wants. These only means that lower beingsare easy to be satisfied. If I’m not mistaken I also read a part of the book thatsays that in order for us to tell which one the 2 choices are better is byexperiencing it both.4.
 
According to Mill, whose happiness must be considered?
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Happiness must be considered by the people who have experienced by themost people, has the right to criticize on which is better.5.
 
Carefully reconstruct Mill's proof of the Principle of Utility.
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Mill's proof of the Principle of Utility is that people who desire to have ahappiness is to have pleasure in their life to satisfy their needs and wants.
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