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A–Z of Emergency Radiology To my mother Darshan. She was a constant source of support, humour and strength through my turmoil-ridden childhood.Without her I would not be where I am today, and I most certainly would not have accomplished what I have. R.R.M. To my mother Sally.Without her I would not be the person that I am. Her drive and work ethic are much to be admired, and have had a posi...

HARRISON’S Manual of Medicine EDITORS Dennis L. Kasper, MD, MA(HON) William Ellery Channing Professor of Medicine, Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Director, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston Eugene Braunwald, MD, MA(HON), MD(HON), ScD(HON) Distinguished Hersey Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical Sc...

INTERNAL MEDICINE Just the Facts NOTICE Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted...

16th Edition HARRISON’S PRINCIPLES OF Internal Medicine EDITORS OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS T. R. HARRISON Editor-in-Chief, Editions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 R. G. PETERSDORF Editor, Editions 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 Editor-in-Chief, Edition 10 W. R. RESNICK Editor, Editions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 J. D. WILSON Editor, Editions 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 Editor-in-Chief, Edition 12 M. M. WINTROBE Editor, Editions 1, 2, 3, 4...

U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL FORT SAM HOUSTON, TEXAS 78234-6100 TREATING FRACTURES IN THE FIELD SUBCOURSE MD0533 EDITION 200 DEVELOPMENT This subcourse is approved for resident and correspondence course instruction. It reflects the current thought of the Academy of Health Sciences and conforms to printed Department of the Army doctrine as closely as currently possible. De...

SPLINTING • • • • • • Indications: o Fracture o Dislocated joint after reduction o Sprain: torn or stretched ligaments o Strain: torn or stretched muscles or tendons o Postoperative immobilization Contraindications: o Absolute: none. o Relative: Injuries involving open wounds or infections need easily removable splints to allow soft tissue care. Anesthesia: If injury is grossly stable, use...

Radiology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care This page intentionally left blank Radiology for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Richard Hopkins Consultant Radiologist Department of Radiology Cheltenham General Hospital Carol Peden Consultant Anaesthetist Royal Bath United Hospital Sanjay Gandhi Department of Clinical Radiology Bristol Royal Infirmary LONDON SAN FRANCISCO Greenwich Medical...

McGraw-Hill’s Manual of Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with ...

Woodridge, NY

USMLE Surgery stufff

Acid-Base Disorders Worksheet Step 1: Gather the necessary data (electrolytes and an ABG). Make sure the HCO3 from the electrolyte panel and ABG are within 2 (if not, the results are uninterpretable). pH /pCO2 /HCO3 Step 2. Look at the pH. If pH > 7.4, then pt is alkalemic (proceed to Step 3a). If pH < 7.4, then pt is acidemic (proceed to Step 3b). Pt has primary: Acidemia / Alkalemia Step 3...

Simple Method of Acid Base Balance Interpretation A FOUR STEP METHOD FOR INTERPRETATION OF ABGS Usefulness This method is simple, easy and can be used for the majority of ABGs. It only addresses acid-base balance and considers just 3 values. • • • pH, PaCO2 HCO3- Step 1. Use pH to determine Acidosis or Alkalosis. ph 7.35-7.45 Normal or Compensated < 7.35 Acidosis > 7.45 Alkalosis Step 2. ...

Arterial Blood Gases Made Easy Arterial Blood Gases Purpose of ABG • Assess degree to which lungs are able to provide adequate oxygen & remove CO2 & degree to which the kidneys are able to reabsorb or excrete HCO3 You Must Know What is Normal to be Able to Know What is Abnormal • • • • pH = 7.35 to 7.45 PaC02 = 35 to 45 mm Hg PaO2 = 80 to 100 mm Hg HCO3 = 22 – 26 mEq/l What You Must Look ...

ECG review – ACLS Program Ohio State University Medical Center Rhythm Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) ECG Characteristics Rate: 60-100 per minute Rhythm: R- R = P waves: Upright, similar P-R: 0.12 -0 .20 second & consistent qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second P:qRs: 1P:1qRs Example Sinus Tachycardia Causes: Exercise Hypovolemia Medications Fever Hypoxia Substances Anxiety, Fear Acute MI Fight or Flight Conge...

READING AN EKG 1. Rate – if regular, then count the number of large squares between R waves; 1 square = 300 bpm, 2 = 150 bpm, 3 = 100 bpm, 4 = 75 bpm, 5 = 60 bpm, 6 = 50 bpm. Each small box = 0.04 s, each large box = 5 small boxes = 0.20 s. 2. Rhythm – is it regular? (use calipers/ruler to make sure all R-R intervals are the same); are there P waves, and are they in front of every QRS? (in sinu...

SJS Nov-03 HOW NOT TO MISS A SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH) Edlow JA, Caplan LR. Avoiding pitfalls in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:29-36. Vallejo van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ. Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain. 2001;124:249-78. Take home points: 1. We commonly misdiagnose SAH, especially in stable patients with normal neuro exams. 2. ...

EKG 101 Deborah Goldstein Georgetown University Department of Internal Medicine Steps to Interpreting an EKG • • • • • • • • Rate Rhythm Axis Intervals (PR, QRS, QTc) Hypertrophy ST segments T waves Q waves Rate Naming stuff Normal Sinus Rhythm • P before every QRS – Best places to look: II, V1 • QRS after each P Axis 1. The direction of the mean electrical vector, representing the ...

VI. Arrhythmias: Robert Vu, MD Clerkship Director Indiana University School of Medicine Note: The correct multiple choice answer for each question is underlined. Specific Learning Objectives: Knowledge. Subinterns should be able to describe and define: 1. The types of arrhythmias commonly encountered in the inpatient setting, including: a. Premature atrial/ventricular contractions b. Ventricul...

SJS Sept-03 ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME – MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS Levine JS, Branch DW, Rauch J. The antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(10):752-63. International Consensus Statement – Criteria for the Definite Diagnosis of APLS: In order to make the definitive diagnosis of APLS, the patient must meet at least one clinical criteria and at least one laboratory criteria. Clinical criter...