francestaymchugh's documents

The effects of globalisation and its impact on sustainable livelihoods (SL) is an acknowledged reality. However, what is less common is the direct linkage of international policies, institutions and policies (PIP) to livelihoods. In this discussion, we extend the sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) to include the ‘supramacro’ level to acknowledge the influence of transnational organisations...

In discussing empowerment and the challenges that arise from adopting empowerment as a development objective, it is necessary to understand the context in which the concept of empowerment has gained currency. We examine briefly how the term empowerment has come to populate development discourses. In doing so, we also analyse the many facets inherent in such a loaded term and reflect on the ques...

Development is a process whereby peoples are dominated and their destinies shaped according to an essentially Western way of conceiving and perceiving the world. This is a critical analysis of development. Is it a tool for Western hegemony or is there more to the post-modernist and post-constructionist view?

Some writers regard literacy as a technology of the intellect, that it strengthens the power of thought and contributes to the development of human consciousness, and self-understanding. This is a critical analysis article that explores the role literacy plays in promoting consciousness.