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Acid-Base Disorders Worksheet Step 1: Gather the necessary data (electrolytes and an ABG). Make sure the HCO3 from the electrolyte panel and ABG are within 2 (if not, the results are uninterpretable). pH /pCO2 /HCO3 Step 2. Look at the pH. If pH > 7.4, then pt is alkalemic (proceed to Step 3a). If pH < 7.4, then pt is acidemic (proceed to Step 3b). Pt has primary: Acidemia / Alkalemia Step 3...

Simple Method of Acid Base Balance Interpretation A FOUR STEP METHOD FOR INTERPRETATION OF ABGS Usefulness This method is simple, easy and can be used for the majority of ABGs. It only addresses acid-base balance and considers just 3 values. • • • pH, PaCO2 HCO3- Step 1. Use pH to determine Acidosis or Alkalosis. ph 7.35-7.45 Normal or Compensated < 7.35 Acidosis > 7.45 Alkalosis Step 2. ...

Arterial Blood Gases Made Easy Arterial Blood Gases Purpose of ABG • Assess degree to which lungs are able to provide adequate oxygen & remove CO2 & degree to which the kidneys are able to reabsorb or excrete HCO3 You Must Know What is Normal to be Able to Know What is Abnormal • • • • pH = 7.35 to 7.45 PaC02 = 35 to 45 mm Hg PaO2 = 80 to 100 mm Hg HCO3 = 22 – 26 mEq/l What You Must Look ...

ECG review – ACLS Program Ohio State University Medical Center Rhythm Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) ECG Characteristics Rate: 60-100 per minute Rhythm: R- R = P waves: Upright, similar P-R: 0.12 -0 .20 second & consistent qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second P:qRs: 1P:1qRs Example Sinus Tachycardia Causes: Exercise Hypovolemia Medications Fever Hypoxia Substances Anxiety, Fear Acute MI Fight or Flight Conge...

READING AN EKG 1. Rate – if regular, then count the number of large squares between R waves; 1 square = 300 bpm, 2 = 150 bpm, 3 = 100 bpm, 4 = 75 bpm, 5 = 60 bpm, 6 = 50 bpm. Each small box = 0.04 s, each large box = 5 small boxes = 0.20 s. 2. Rhythm – is it regular? (use calipers/ruler to make sure all R-R intervals are the same); are there P waves, and are they in front of every QRS? (in sinu...

SJS Nov-03 HOW NOT TO MISS A SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH) Edlow JA, Caplan LR. Avoiding pitfalls in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:29-36. Vallejo van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ. Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain. 2001;124:249-78. Take home points: 1. We commonly misdiagnose SAH, especially in stable patients with normal neuro exams. 2. ...

Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) An Elusive Diagnosis Jamil A. Alarafi, D.O. 1 Goals   Understand the historical context of pulmonary emboli Comprehend the pathophysiology and know some common risk factors Be aware of the clinical features of PE and have a basic understanding of various diagnostic test Gain a therapeutic approach to the treatment of PE and discuss a simplified method in th...

EKG 101 Deborah Goldstein Georgetown University Department of Internal Medicine Steps to Interpreting an EKG • • • • • • • • Rate Rhythm Axis Intervals (PR, QRS, QTc) Hypertrophy ST segments T waves Q waves Rate Naming stuff Normal Sinus Rhythm • P before every QRS – Best places to look: II, V1 • QRS after each P Axis 1. The direction of the mean electrical vector, representing the ...