2/7/091
HORMONES
EX 9.1
Question 1
The Figure below is a graph which shows how the concentration ofblood sugar and the concentration of a certain hormone in theblood changed over a period of 5 hours.
Question 1a
i)
What happened at the end of the first hour to cause thechanges shown on a graph?
There was an increase in blood glucose level at the end of thefirst hour due to intake of carbohydrates in a meal;
ii) What type of sugar is ‘blood sugar’?
Glucose;iii) Why was the concentration of blood sugar slowly falling during thefirst hour?
The blood sugar (glucose) could be converted to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles;
The tissue cells could also be oxidizing glucose to produce energyduring tissue respiration;
Question 1
(b)
Name the hormone.Insulin;(b)
Explain why the two curves are similar in shape.
The secretion of insulin is triggered by an increase in blood sugar concentration. Therefore, the hormone curve
follows
the bloodsugar curve closely;
More insulin is released when there is an a high blood sugar concentration;
The effect of insulin is to lower down the blood sugar concentrationby increasing uptake of glucose into adipose and muscle cells andconverting excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and musclecells;
Once it is brought down, less insulin is secreted, and the insulinpresent in the blood stream is destroyed by the liver;
Question 2
a) What is a hormone?
Hormones are chemical substances produced by theendocrine glands of plants or animals;
They are passed directly into the bloodstream and gets carriedto the target organs to exert a profound effect;
Each hormone can alter the activity of one or more specifictarget organs and is then destroyed by the liver.
Question 2b
Nerves and hormones are both used to controlprocesses within body. Using reflex action illustratedby your eyes and the regulation of blood sugar byinsulin as examples to show how nervous andhormonal controlsi) Resemble each other
Both require receptors to detect stimuli;
Both involve conduction of messages and areinvoluntary;
Both bring about response that is beneficial for thebody (protection / homeostasis);
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