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I
STATE
I
OF
IDAHO
C.
Ben
RO~s,
Governor
I
i
First
Editfol'1,
May
19a2
Seeond
Edition,
july
1~2
IPAHO
liUREAU
0,
MINES
AND
GEOLOGY
John
w.
finch,
Secretary
'nfE
RECOVERY
0:E1
GOLDFROM
ITS
ORES
By
A.
W.
iFahrenwald
'Uni
ver~
i
ty
,.1"
I.daho
Moslcow,
Idaho
:j
 
I
Occurrence
of
Gol d
... ...
...
f-
PrQPorties
of
Gold -
...
...
-
...
i--
Uses
of
Gold
...
...
--
...
-
...
i-
Pl-G»dl1ction
of
Gold...
... ... ...
-
1-...
Production
of
Gold
by
sourcelsMethods
of
Detecting
and
Assayin~
Gold
Oro
Classif'1
ca
tion
of
Gold
Ores ......
~
--
Methods
ot
Gold
Recovery
...
--
...
i---
Amalgamation
Process
...... -
... ...
...
i_
--
...
-
History
... ...
...
... ... ...
-
...
--
,-
... ... ...
--
...
Principle
of
the
Process
...
1-
-
...
--
The
Process
-
...
-
...
...
~
-.... -
...
...
...
...
Forms
ot
Gold and
Lossos
in
fAmalgama
tion
Process
Cyanide
Process
--
...
...
... ... ... ...
-
...
-
...
-
...
Discovery
...
--
...
-
... ...
...
...
,-
...
...
Principle
of
the
Process
The
Process
-
...
... ...
Gravity
Concentration
-......
...
I'lota.tion Process
......... -
...
...
Principle
of
the
Process
The
Procoss
...
-
...
-
...
--
...
:-
......Flow
Sheets
of
Modern Gold Recovqry
Processes
...
Closed
Circuit
Grinding
(Fiaure
2)
..................
-
...
Stamp
Mill
Amalgamation
Pro~esses~Figuro
3)Amalgamation
Process
Employ~ng
Ballor
Rod
Mills
(Figure'
4)·
Cyanide
Process
(Figure
5)
~
...... -......
...
......... -...... -......Combination Amalgamation,
F~otation,
and Cyanide ProceSB
(Figure
6)-
-
...
-
...
-
...
-
..;
......... ---
...
-
...
-......
Plant
and
Operating Costs
in
Mod~rn
Gold
Milling
Practice
Cost
of
Erecting
Gold Treatmont
Elants
...... --
...
-
...
-
...
--
...
Metal1t.'1lg1cal
Testing
of
Gold
Or~s
...
...
--......
Marketint
Gold
Bulllon"a.ndRich
Gold
Products
Flotation
,.~
.'JCf~
Gold
...
-----
Introduction
...
-_
.........
-...... -Limi
ta
tiona of
Flotatt.onPrqcess
Crushing and
Grinding
---
i_
--
Use
of
Amalgamation Ahead
o~
Flotation
---
Ratio
of
Concentration
and qrade
of
Product
...
-------Machinery Needed ---
...
-
1 ------
Examples
of
Gold
Flotation
~
------...... -Reagents ---------
~
-------
...
...
-Treatment
of
the
Concentrat~·
...
--------
...
-
The
Well EquiPPQd
Plant
--
1-
---
...
--------
Eeterences
Not Mentioned
in
the
~ext
...
-----
Common
'Reagents Used
in
Gold
Reco1very
Pro
cesses
--------
Page
1
2
2
4
6
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888
9
999
10
10
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12
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20
tt)
212121
21
24
24
24
25
26
.
 
Gold
o.cure
.in
nature
in
the
me
silver
andeheDdcally
combined
with
in
veiDel
associated
With
quartz
and
galena
..
qhalcopyri
te,
arsenopyrite,
zinc
bleJide;
With
carbonates,
espec
disseminated
in
the
body
ot
the
sult
particles,
in
the
torm
of
thin
tilms
'~pbQtOmicrOgraph*
ot
a
polished
stlver,
and bismuth
minerals
are
pre
p1eoes
~e
about
.001
inch
in
diame
ively iron
pyrite
and
sphalerite,
I
lic
state
alloyed
Wi
th
small
perQentages
of
element
tellurium.
Nativegold
is
foundous
sulfides,
notably
pyrite
and
pyrrhotite,
ckel
and
cobalt minerals,
and
less
commonly11y
ankerite.
Generally
the
metal
is
finely
s,
or
deposited
on
the
surface
ot
mineral
easily visible
grains.
Figure
I
is
a
of
a complex
gold
ore
.
Lead,
iron,
copper,
t.
The
light
spots
are
gold.
The
smallest
The
patches
marked
"pH
and
"s"
are
respectsulfide
of
zinc.
In
the oxidized
parts
of
veins
~he
gold
is
often
associated'
with
limonIte,
and
gold-bearing
quartz
may
.ontain
~mall
amounts
of
copper
carbonates
and
mang
anese
oxides.
When
gold
is
apparent~y
disseminated
in
igneous
or
metamorphicrockS',
minute
veinlets
of quartz
or
qarbonates
usually
accompany
it.
Gold
is
widely
distributed.
It
is
found
in
~ea
water
(less
than
1/40
grain
per
ton),
and
in
insignificant
amounts
in
a
great
~ariety
of
places.
The
r~ason
tDr
the
occurrence
o~
gold
ingreater quantities
in
lodes
than
in
neighboring
rocks
is
not
known
With
4ertainty,
but
it
is
considered
that
it
has
risen
from below
with
other
minerals
in
solution
and
has
been
preclpitated
cbem
ioa11y
where
it
is
found.
...
..
Tellurides
or
gold
are
aontaine4
in
rich
ores
in
western
Australia, in
Colorado, and
elsewhere.
The
minera~
calaverite,
AuTe2, a
bronze-yellow gold
telluride,.
contains
40
per
.oen.~
ot
S~ld
and
the
gold-silver
telluride,
sylvanite,
AuAgTe4,a
steel.gray
mineral
"
contains
up
·to
28
per cent
of
gold.
When
the
gold
.
tellurides
OXidize,
the
resulting
na
ive
gold
is
often
extremely
pure
and
finely
divided'"
..
and
may
be
covered
with
tel,urous
OXide,
called "tellurous"
or
"mustard
gold
.
"
It
ftaembles yellow
clay,
bu~
turns
bright
on
heating.
AmOl)g
the minerals
s<5lletimes
mi$taken
for
gold
may
be
mentioned
pyri
te,
mar
casi
te,
and
especially
chalco~te,
i
the iron-copper
sulfide.
These
minerals,
. however,
are
very
brittle,
they
OXidize when
beated
and
are
qrrtte
solub.·J#
......
..
",
while
gold
remains
bright
on heat-ing
ito
high
tempfTatures.
it
is\
sott
Ihd
'~~leabl
:
.-
I
In
panning
orconcentrating,
ma~y
people
have been
mislead
by
heavy
lead
minerals of
a
yello:-
,color,
such
as
he
molybdate,
chromate,
tungstate,
and
even
the phosphate,
but
th.'ese
are
distin
.
lshabl.e
under
a
lens or
low-power
microscope
by
their
brittleness
and
transpareno.
Nearly
all
substances
which
may
b-e
mis
taken
for
goldare soluble
in
hot
ac
ds-.
Cold
is
not.
i
When
gold-bearing
v~inshave
~e4ome
disintegrated
and
swept away
into
alluvial
deposits,
the
particles
ot
gold,
whe*e
released,
are
found
in
thesand
and
gravel
ot
the
beds.
Gold
occurring
in
this
Iway
is
'called
"allUVial"gold
and
is
reeovereq
by methods
of
hydraulic
mining
and
~edging.
For
methods
of
recoveringallUVial
gold,
t.he
reader
is.
referred
to
"Ele
entary
Methods
ot
PIa.cer Mining.," by
W.
W.
Staley,
Pamphlet No.
35,
Idaho
Burea
of
Mines
and
Geology;
"Placer
Mining MethodsFrom a
mineralogical
report
on
ore
of the
Mayflower Gold Mines,
Inc.
By
courtes~
of
Thos
H. Hi
te,
Geologist.
of 00

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