edAÁmeft,ltqudk ax&0g'½Iaxmih  frSavhvmok H;oyfjcif;  
q&mawmf OD;"r®yd,
 
Ph.D.
 
NIBB
Ā
NA IN THERAV
Ā
DA PERSPECTIVE
bySayadaw U Dhammapia, Ph.D.
t&Sifauvmo jrefrmjyefonf 
 
 2
 
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a'gufwm "r®yd,q&mawmfonfjrefrmEd kifiHü zG m;jrifonf/ toufud k;ESpfwGif omraPjyKNyD; ESpfq,ft½G,fü ax&0g'&[ef;awmfjzpfvmonf/ 1980 jynf hESpfwGifygVdusrf;*efrsm; (wwf  ajrmufjcif;)jzih  fomoe"Z"r® mp&d,bG  J U&&S  dcJhonf/ xd kESpfwGifyif&efukefNrdKU? r[mpnfomoemh  &dyfomü 0dyóemur®|mef;w&m; tm;xkwfcJ honf/ 1982 wGifr[mpnfomoemh&dyfü tNrJoDwif;ok  H;&[ef;awmfjzpfvmonf/ þ&dyfomü oDwif;ok  H;pOf&[ef; omraP oDv&Sifa,m*Drsm;tm; 0dyóemur®|mef;ud koifMum;ay;NyD; jrefrmEd kifiHNrdKUe,ftrsm;tjym;ü w&m;pcef;rsm;udkOD;pD;zGifhvSpfay;cJ honf/ 1986 wGifrav;&S m;Ed kifiH? yDeefNrdKU? rav;&S m;Ak'¨bmomw&m;&dyfom (
MBMC
 ) ü oDwif;okH;aexd kif&efq&mawmfOD;y@dwmbd0Ho (y@dwm&mrq&mawmf ) \ wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH onf/ yDeefwGifoDwif;okH;pOf a'ocHESih  fjynfya,m*Drsm;tm; w&m;jyNyD; q&mawmfOD;y@dwm- bd0Ho\"r®c&D;wGifpuF myl? xk  dif;? eDayg? ,lau? *smreD? MopaMwvs? uae'gESif h tar&duef  jynfaxmifpkEd kifiHrsm;od k Y vd kufygcJ honf/ 1992 wGiftar&duefjynfaxmifpk? umvDzd k;eD;,m;jynfe,f? qef[dkaq; (
San Jose
 ) NrdKU?wxm*ww&m;&dyfom ausmif;xd kifq&mawmftjzpfyih  fzdwfjcif;cH&NyD; 0dyóemur®|mef;½IrSwf  enf;ud k ñTefMum;jyoonf/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;ü vli,frsm;tm; Akbmom ,Ofaus; rItajccHrsm;ud koifMum;ay;onf/ þw&m;&dyfomü oDwif;okH;pOf1997 wGifbDat (bmomw&m;rsm; EI  dif;,SOfavhvmrI ) bGJ UESihf1998 wGifqef[d kaq;pwdwf,leDAmpDwDrStrfat ('óeduaA') bG  JUwd k Yud k&&S  dcJ honf/ 1999 wGif q&mawmfonf umvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,f? z&D;armif h (
Fremont
 ) NrdKUü arwå meE´ 0d[m&"r®&dyfomtrnf&S  dur®|mef;XmetopfwpfckwnfaxmifcJ honf/ a,m*Dtopfrsm;ESih  f  w&m;tm;xkwfNyD;a,m*Drsm;tm; 0dyóemur®|mef;ud kqufvufoifMum;ay;NyD; vli,frsm; tm; Ak'¨bmomtajccHoifwef;rsm; zGif;vSpfyd k Ycsay;onf/ q&mawmf\ &efukefNrdKU ig;usrf;jyef  omoemh&dyfomüvnf; ,if;vli,foifwef;enf;twdkif;yifydk Ycsay;onf/ omoemjyKvkyfief; rsm;ud ktm;oGefBudK;yrf;ae&if;uyifq&mawmfonf2003 ckESpfwGif qefz&efppöudkNrdKU? umvD  zdk;eD;,m;odyÜHausmif; (
California Institute
 ) rS a'gufwmbG  J Uud kNyD;ajrmufatmifjrifcJ honf/ q&mawmf\ ud k,fusKd;pGef Yaqmif½GufrIaMumih  f tar&duefjynfaxmifpk? jrefrmESih  f tjcm; aomEd kifiHrsm;rSw&m;tm;xkwfolrsm;pG mwdk Yw&m;"r®tESpfom&ud kcHpm;EdkifMuonf/
 
 3
 
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